Intellectual Property Ownership in a University Setting

Drilling through hard rock to explore for underground oil and gas is especially complicated in geographic areas where the sub-layer is full of dense and impenetrable rock. Charlie Scent, an Engineering Professor working at a university, undertook research to solve this dilemma and developed a solution after approximately 20 years of effort. To commercialize the technology, Scent collaborated with one of his PhD students and formed a company. Through the commercialization process, friction developed among the participants—Scent, the graduate student, and the university. This discord brought to light several important questions regarding intellectual property that is created in a university setting. This case is about who owns intellectual property and decreasing the probability that there will be friction between the individuals who are at the heart of an invention.

The Concept of Joint Property Ownership of Husband and Wife

Specifically, this study is the concept of joint property ownership of husband and wife. The focus of this study is important because, in the Marriage and Islamic Law Compilations, The property obtained in marriage becomes the joint property.So that, when a divorce or death occurs, each person gets half a share, in the regulation, there is no question about who produced it. In the reality of life in society, many wives work to earn a living, so it was interesting to study the different proportions in the distribution of property, in the event of a divorce. The problem of this research was how the concept of the joint property rights of husband and wife. In answering these problems, this research was carried out using the Socio-Legal Research method, by looking at the reality on the ground, to interpret joint property in changing situations. The technique of collecting data was through literature study, while the data analysis was qualitative. The findings of the study indicated that the practice of sharing assets with judges tends to use normative construction. Each of them got half a share and this was seen as an injustice, both through regulation and reconstruction of thinking in the distribution of the shared assets. Keywords: concept, ownership, shared property, marriage, law.

Unsettled – Reconsidering the Notion of ‘Homelessness’ through the Lens of Urban Movement

This paper proposes to reconsider the notion of ‘homelessness’ under the lens of urban movement, suggesting that the long prevailing stigma against people experiencing homelessness is a repercussion of the idea that living an unsettled life can destabilize capitalist societies. Living on the move, by choice or, most commonly, without one, embodies a resistance to the capitalist valorization of land: Transient lifestyles resist the precept of property ownership, and hint at alternative ways of living in cities, beyond capitalist norms. Simultaneously, they are bodily evidence of the mechanisms of urban displacement further triggered by real estate speculation, as it is the socio-economic and political system of capitalism which produces contemporary conditions of unchosen homelessness. Thus, the paper links the stigmatization of homelessness to notions of urban movement and capitalist urban logics. Untangling these complex dependencies, then, becomes also a way to reconsider notions of making a home in cities.

Exclusion of Tribal Women from Property Inheritance Rights: A Study of Tripuri Women of India

The Tripuri tribe from the state of Tripura constitutes around 50 percent of the total tribal population and can be found in all eight districts of the state. The tribe follows its own culture and tradition in terms of marriage and other customary practices. This study investigates the role of gender in inheritance of property among the Tripuri tribe and how Tripuri women are excluded from ownership of property. It also attempts to discover how property ownership affects their income and position in the household. The study has been conducted in the districts of West Tripura and Dhalai. Focus Group Discussion and interview schedules are employed as methods for collection of data. Results show that while 20 out of 54 married women from rural areas of West Tripura have inherited property, only 2 out of 13 married women have inherited property in the urban area. In comparison with West Tripura, Dhalai features a low ratio among women in inheriting property (only 4 out of 38 married women). A few causes include low level of literacy, slow urbanization and less inter-community marriages. The reasons for not inheriting property include: a woman failing to live up to the concept of a ‘good sister’ in the brother’s eyes, son needs property to care for parents, cost of marriage is borne by brother or parents so no right to claim, and to avoid unnecessary conflict in the family. In this manner, societal perceptions prevent women from claiming the legitimate share of their ancestral property.

To Give or to Receive? The Role of Giver Versus Receiver on Object Tracking and Object Preferences in Children and Adults

For adults, ownership is a concept that rests on principles and connections that apply broadly – whether the owner is the self or someone else, and whether the self is giver or receiver. The present studies tested whether preschool children likewise treat ownership in this abstract fashion. In Experiment 1, 20 children and 24 adults were assigned to be either “givers” or “receivers.” They were then asked to identify which items they and the researcher owned. In Experiment 2, 20 children and 24 adults were asked which items they and the experimenter liked best. In both experiments, participants’ judgments were not influenced by their role (giver vs. receiver), but were more adult-like when reasoning about self-owned than other-owned objects. These data suggest that intuitions about property ownership are initially egocentric – biased toward linking objects to one’s self – and then extend to others over the course of development.

Whose 'Eyes on the Street' Control Crime?

Jane Jacobs coined the phrase 'eyes on the street' to depict those who maintain order in cities. Most criminologists assume these eyes belong to residents. In this Element we show that most of the eyes she described belonged to shopkeepers and property owners. They, along with governments, wield immense power through property ownership and regulation. From her work, we propose a Neo-Jacobian perspective to reframe how crime is connected to neighborhood function through deliberate decision-making at places. It advances three major turning points for criminology. This includes turns from: 1. residents to place managers as the primary source of informal social control; 2. ecological processes to outsiders' deliberate actions that create crime opportunities; and 3. a top-down macro- to bottom-up micro-spatial explanation of crime patterns. This perspective demonstrates the need for criminology to integrate further into economics, political science, urban planning, and history to improve crime control policies.

The Late Anglo-Saxon Period, 800–1100

This chapter, covering the late Anglo-Saxon and Norman Conquest period, outlines the major changes in land use which accompanied the creation of small local manors and the establishment of collaborative open-field farming. Those changes reflected the shift in relations from ones predominantly organized around social networks to ones of property ownership. Domesday Book supplies a crucial piece of evidence, in light of which fragmentary earlier evidence for the structure of the royal estate of Benson can be better understood. The strong implications of the period’s developments for inhabitants’ perceptions are examined, including through the boundary clauses accompanying royal land charters and the evidence for more structured settlements and systems of administration, including the hundred and its moot.