scholarly journals Silurian metalliferous nodules from the region of Asaritsa peak, West Balkan mountain – preliminary results

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 75-77
Author(s):  
Atanas Hikov ◽  
Valeri Sachanski ◽  
Zlatka Milakovska ◽  
Elitsa Stefanova ◽  
Irena Peytcheva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Nodule Formation ◽  
Deposition Mechanism ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Polymetallic Nodule ◽  
Polymetallic Nodules

First data for polymetallic nodules and host sediments in Silurian sequence from the region of Asaritsa peak, West Balkan mountain are presented. The nodules are rich of Fe, Mn, Co and Ni. Both sediments and nodules have high content of REE. The described Silurian nodules and sediments show a number of similarities with modern deep-sea polymetallic nodule bearing sediments. Some differences such as probable depth of deposition, mechanism of nodule formation, degree of lithification are also established.

scholarly journals The Development History and Latest Progress of Deep-Sea Polymetallic Nodule Mining Technology

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1132
Author(s):  
Yajuan Kang ◽  
Shaojun Liu
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Commercial Development ◽  
Mining System ◽  
Mining Technology ◽  
Polymetallic Nodule ◽  
Systems Research ◽  
Polymetallic Nodules ◽  
Nodule Mining

Deep-sea polymetallic nodules are a mineral resource with potential for commercial development. Due to the unique deep-sea environment in which they are found, specialized technology and equipment are required for their extraction. In this paper, firstly, the development of deep-sea polymetallic nodule mining technology is classified into three stages, and its characteristics are summarized. Moreover, the results from research into deep-sea polymetallic nodule mining technology are analyzed, including proposals for mining systems, research into key technologies, basic scientific problems, and proof of technical feasibility from sea tests. Secondly, the testing of the collector prototype and the environmental impact assessment study of Global Sea Mineral Resources NV, as well as the progress of the deep-sea polymetallic nodule mining test project in China, are introduced. On this basis, the opportunities and challenges brought by the fast-growing demand for electric vehicles to the development of deep-sea polymetallic mining technology is analyzed, and a possible technical scheme for a mining system and the trends in its development towards high reliability and high standards of environmental protection according to the requirements of commercial exploitation are explored. This provides a reference for the research and development of high-efficiency technology and equipment for the mining of deep-sea polymetallic nodules.

scholarly journals Depression chains in seafloor of contrasting morphology, Atacama Trench margin: a comment on Marsh et al. (2018)

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 182053
Author(s):  
Autun Purser ◽  
Helena Herr ◽  
Simon Dreutter ◽  
Boris Dorschel ◽  
Ronnie N. Glud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Foraging Behaviour ◽  
Deep Diving ◽  
Polymetallic Nodule ◽  
Camera Systems ◽  
East Pacific ◽  
Polymetallic Nodules ◽  
Clipperton Fracture Zone ◽  
Clarion Clipperton Fracture Zone ◽  
Water Depths

This comment presents acoustic and visual data showing deep seafloor depression chains similar to those reported in Marsh et al. ( R. Soc. open sci. 5: 180286), though from a different deep-sea setting. Marsh et al. present data collected during cruise JC120 from polymetallic nodule rich sites within the Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone (CCFZ), at water depths of between 3999 and 4258 m. Within this comment, we present data collected with equivalent acoustic and imaging devices on-board the RV Sonne (SO261—March/April 2018) from the Atacama Trench, approximately 4000 m depth, which shows comparable depression chains in the seafloor. In contrast with the CCFZ observations, our study area was wholly free of polymetallic nodules, an observation therefore weakening the ‘ballast collection’ by deep-sea diving mammals formation hypothesis discussed in their paper . We support their alternate hypothesis that if these features are indeed generated by deep-diving megafauna, then they are more likely the resultant traces of infauna feeding or marks made during opportunistic capture of benthic fish/cephalopods. We observed these potential prey fauna with lander and towed camera systems during the cruise, with example images of these presented here. Both the SO261 and JC120 cruises employed high-resolution sidescan systems at deployment altitudes seldom used routinely until the last few years during scientific deep-sea surveys. Given that both cruises found these depression chains in contrasting physical regions of the East Pacific, they may have a more ubiquitous distribution than at just these sites. Thus, the impacts of cetacean foraging behaviour on deep seafloor communities, and the potential relevance of these prey sources to deep-diving species, should be considered.

Nematode communities inhabiting the soft deep-sea sediment in polymetallic nodule fields: do they differ from those in the nodule-free abyssal areas?

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 345-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravail Singh ◽  
Dmitry M. Miljutin ◽  
Ann Vanreusel ◽  
Teresa Radziejewska ◽  
Maria M. Miljutina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Deep Sea Sediment ◽  
Nematode Communities ◽  
Polymetallic Nodule

scholarly journals Mineralogy and crystal chemistry of Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu in a deep-sea Pacific polymetallic nodule

2014 ◽  
Vol 99 (10) ◽  
pp. 2068-2083 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Manceau ◽  
M. Lanson ◽  
Y. Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Chemistry ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Polymetallic Nodule

Polymetallic Nodules: Resource Potential and Mining Prospects

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 22-30
Author(s):  
Rahul Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Critical Metals ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Resource Potential ◽  
Polymetallic Nodules ◽  
International Seabed Authority

Abstract Deep-sea minerals such as polymetallic nodules have attracted significant interest among stakeholders not only for evaluating their potential as an alternative source of critical metals that are required for various industrial applications including green energy but also in developing technology for their exploitation. There has been a steady increase in the number of contractors having exploration rights over large tracts on the seafloor in the “Area,” and the International Seabed Authority that is mandated with the responsibility of regulating such activities is in the process of preparing a code for exploitation of these deep-sea minerals. This commentary takes a look at the resource potential and mining prospects of polymetallic nodules while addressing the economic and environmental issues associated with them.

Habitat Mapping for Ecosystem-Based Management of Deep-Sea Mining

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 53-64
Author(s):  
Alex Fejer ◽  
Giorgia Cecino ◽  
Adrian Flynn
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Hierarchical Classification ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Mine Planning ◽  
Habitat Model ◽  
Project Development ◽  
Ecosystem Based Management ◽  
Polymetallic Nodule ◽  
Critical Junctures ◽  
Development Cycle

Abstract Spatial considerations are important at multiple stages in the development of a deep-sea mining (DSM) project, from resource definition, to identification of preservation and management zones within a contract area, to planning of suitable ecological strata for baseline studies and impact assessment, to mine planning and adaptive management. Large investments are made to collect remote sensing data early in exploration to support geological resource studies, but environmental considerations are often instigated at later stages of exploration and can become disconnected from spatial frameworks. We outline a process of harmonizing the environmental and geological aspects of DSM project development by incorporating a habitat approach early in the development cycle. This habitat approach supports ecosystem-based management, which is a central requirement of environmental assessments. Geostatistical techniques are described that are used alongside a hierarchical classification scheme to describe and map geoforms and substrates. This foundational habitat model can form the basis of spatially explicit ecosystem models and can inform sampling design and spatial planning at critical junctures of a project development, ensuring that sampling campaigns are connected by an ecosystem logic early in the cycle. We provide an example application from the NORI-D polymetallic nodule exploration contract area in the Clarion-Clipperton Zone.

scholarly journals Environmental considerations for impact and preservation reference zones for deep-sea polymetallic nodule mining

Marine Policy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel O.B. Jones ◽  
Jeff A. Ardron ◽  
Ana Colaço ◽  
Jennifer M. Durden
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Polymetallic Nodule ◽  
Environmental Considerations ◽  
Nodule Mining
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