A Diplomatic Review and Unresolved Task of Korea-Japan Continental Shelf Agreement: towards the Establishment of East Asian Ocean Governance

Abstract High-resolution records for carbon isotopes of organic matter and n-alkane compounds were investigated in two gravity cores (SJP15-2 and SJP15-4) taken from the southern continental shelf of the Korean peninsula to evaluate the variation in influxes of terrestrial organic compounds and their linkage to paleoclimate and marine environmental changes since the last 5 kyr. The total organic carbon contents were < 1%, and the carbon isotope(d13Corg) ratio ranged from approximately −21‰ to -22‰ and, they did not highly fluctuate throughout the two cores. However, the vertical distributions of total terrestrial biomarkers, long-chain n-alkanes (nC25-35), and individual n-alkane compounds exhibited distinctive fluctuations. There are three switching points that discriminate patterns of excursion and distribution at ca. 4.5 ka, 3.0 ka, and 1.8 ka. Several n-alkane combined indices such as average chain length (ACL), carbon preference index (CPI), and paleovegetation index (Paq), were coincident with these switching points, implying that the supply of terrestrial biomarkers was strongly associated with environmental changes at the source area. In particular, the ratios of nC31/nC27 and nC31/nC29 show coincident excursion pattern with lower ratio between 3.0 ka and 1.8 ka, implying that this short-term event-like record (STER) was associated with wetter climate conditions, and thus paleovegetation and paleoclimate variation. Comparison with previous data of the detrital quartz from the East China Sea and aeolian dust in the Cheju (Jeju) Island, South Korea, and Dongge cave oxygen isotope records indicates strong synchronicity with those switching points, suggesting that paleoclimate system of the East Asian region may have influenced the sediment records of study area since the last 5 kyr. Therefore, our high-resolution n-alkane data are very useful for reconstructing past climatic records, and East Asian monsoon and regional records could be associated with the paleoclimate variations of the study area.

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Dispersal Characteristics and Pathways of Japanese Glass Eel in the East Asian Continental Shelf

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su11092572 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 2572 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yu-San Han ◽

Kuan-Mei Hsiung ◽

Heng Zhang ◽

Lai-Yin Chow ◽

Wann-Nian Tzeng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Continental Shelf ◽

East Asia ◽

Yellow Sea ◽

East Asian ◽

North Equatorial Current ◽

Yellow Sea Warm Current ◽

Glass Eel ◽

Warm Current ◽

Glass Eels ◽

The Kuroshio

The Japanese eel Anguilla japonica is an important aquaculture fish species in the East Asian countries of Japan, China, Korea, and Taiwan. All glass eel fry are captured from the wild and understanding the recruitment patterns of the glass eel is important. The larvae of A. japonica are passively transported to the East Asian Continental Shelf by the North Equatorial Current, the Kuroshio, the Kuroshio intrusion currents, and coastal currents. In each location, recruitment time is diverse: It is November in Taiwan and April in the Yalu River. How the glass eels reach recruitment areas remains poorly understood. Here, we combine information from larval ages based on otolith increments, simulated drifting paths on the East Asian Continental Shelf, and main fishing seasons in each location of East Asia. We identify five main recruitment blocks: (1) The main Kuroshio, (2) The Taiwan Strait Warm Current, (3) The Taiwan Warm Current, (4) The Yellow Sea Warm Current and (5) The branch of Yellow Sea Warm Current. The counted age of the glass eels is significantly underestimated for the later recruits, possibly due to the cessation of the otolith edge growth under low water temperatures. This study clarifies the eel’s larval characteristics and transport mechanisms in the East Asia Continental Shelf, providing important information for its recruitment dynamics in the marine stage.

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Part I Assessing the UN Institutional Structure for Global Ocean Governance: The UN’s Role in Global Ocean Governance, 4 The Role of the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf in the Governance of the Seas and Oceans

10.1093/law/9780198824152.003.0004 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Subedi Surya P

Keyword(s):

United Nations ◽

Continental Shelf ◽

Global Ocean ◽

Financial Resources ◽

Law Of The Sea ◽

Ocean Governance ◽

Continental Shelves ◽

United Nations Convention ◽

The Law

This chapter discusses the role of the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf, established under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), in the governance of the seas and oceans. It first considers the competition for the resources of the seas and oceans among States before providing an overview of the functions of the Commission. It then outlines the criteria for the establishment of the outer limits of the continental shelf and proceeds by analysing the challenges for the Commission in dealing with claims by coastal States for the extension of their continental shelves beyond 200 nautical miles. It also examines issues such as ambiguity in the law itself, the workload of the Commission, problems of enforcement, questions of transparency and accountability, financial resources, and independence of the Commissioners.

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Contemporary federalism and new regimes of ocean governance: Lessons from the case of outer continental shelf oil development

Ocean & Coastal Management ◽

10.1016/0964-5691(94)90073-6 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 7-47 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Charles Lester

Keyword(s):

Continental Shelf ◽

Outer Continental Shelf ◽

Oil Development ◽

Ocean Governance

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Maxims of Foreign Policy

Itinerario ◽

10.1017/s0165115300044508 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 62-79

Author(s):

W.J. Boot

Keyword(s):

Foreign Policy ◽

Sixteenth Century ◽

Foreign Relations ◽

East Asian ◽

Modern Period ◽

Cultural Sphere ◽

Japanese Identity

In the pre-modern period, Japanese identity was articulated in contrast with China. It was, however, articulated in reference to criteria that were commonly accepted in the whole East-Asian cultural sphere; criteria, therefore, that were Chinese in origin.One of the fields in which Japan's conception of a Japanese identity was enacted was that of foreign relations, i.e. of Japan's relations with China, the various kingdoms in Korea, and from the second half of the sixteenth century onwards, with the Portuguese, Spaniards, Dutchmen, and the Kingdom of the Ryūkū.

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