Role of Nitrogen Compounds in Forming the Quality of Red Sparkling Wine

2021 ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
Александра Анатольевна Моисеева ◽  
Варвара Алексеевна Захарова ◽  
Елена Васильевна Дубинина

В технологии игристых вин азотистые соединения, в том числе их концентрация и качественный состав, играют существенную роль на всех этапах производственного процесса. Цель работы состояла в исследовании изменения азотсодержащих соединений в процессе вторичного брожения и их влияния на качественные характеристики красного игристого вина. В качестве объектов исследования в работе использованы пять промышленных образцов сортовых виноматериалов, соответствующих требованиям нормативной документации по физико-химическим и органолептическим показателям, и пять купажей, составленных из этих виноматериалов, а также опытные образцы игристых вин, полученные в результате вторичного брожения в бутылках. Определение массовой концентрации аминного азота проводили методом йодометрического титрования, аммиачного азота - диффузионным методом. Исследование качественного состава и концентрации аминокислот проводили с использованием ВЭЖХ на приборе «Аgilent Technologies 1200 Series» (Agilent, США). Установлено, что концентрация аммиачного азота в исследованных образцах варьировала от 13,4 до 29,7 мг/дм3, аминного азота - от 53,2 до 364,0 мг/дм3, свободных аминокислот - от 267,4 до 615,4 мг/дм3. Показано, что в результате вторичного брожения снижается суммарная концентрация аминокислот, причем наиболее сильно - в образцах с низким содержанием неорганического азота менее 20,0 мг/дм3. В образцах с высоким содержанием фенольных веществ снижение концентрации аминокислот происходило за счет образования с ними комплексных соединений. Показано, что состав азотистых соединений и соотношение свободных аминокислот в исходных виноматериалах оказывает влияние на образование отдельных ароматобразующих летучих компонентов и формирование типичных свойств красного игристого вина. Рекомендовано использовать показатели массовой концентрации аминного и аммиачного азота, а также состав и концентрацию свободных аминокислот в качестве дополнительных критериев оценки виноматериалов для выработки высококачественных красных игристых вин. In the technology of sparkling wines, nitrogenous compounds, including their concentration and qualitative composition, play an essential role at all stages of the production process. The aim of the work was to study the changes in nitrogen-containing compounds during secondary fermentation and their effect on the qualitative characteristics of red sparkling wine. As objects of research, five industrial samples of varietal wine materials that meet the requirements of regulatory documentation on physico-chemical and organoleptic indicators, and five blends made up of these wine materials, as well as experimental samples of sparkling wines obtained as a result of secondary fermentation in bottles, were used in the work. Determination of the mass concentration of amine nitrogen was carried out by iodometric titration, ammonia nitrogen - by diffusion method. The study of the qualitative composition and concentration of amino acids was carried out using HPLC on the device «Agilent Technologies 1200 Series» (Agilent, USA). It was found that the concentration of ammonia nitrogen in the studied samples varied from 13.4 to 29.7 mg/dm3, amine nitrogen - from 53.2 to 364.0 mg/dm3, free amino acids - from 267.4 to 615.4 mg/dm3. It is shown that as a result of secondary fermentation, the total concentration of amino acids decreases, and most strongly in samples with a low content of inorganic nitrogen less than 20.0 mg /dm3. In samples with a high content of phenolic substances, the concentration of amino acids decreased due to the formation of complex compounds with them. It is shown that the composition of nitrogenous compounds and the ratio of free amino acids in the initial wine materials influence the formation of individual aroma-forming volatile components and the formation of typical properties of red sparkling wine. It is recommended to use indicators of the mass concentration of amine and ammonia nitrogen, as well as the composition and concentration of free amino acids as additional criteria for evaluating wine materials for the production of high-quality red sparkling wines.

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5-2020) ◽  
pp. 92-102
Author(s):  
M.P. Klindukh ◽  
◽  
I.V. Ryzhik ◽  
E.O. Dobychina ◽  
◽  
...  

Data on the content of free amino acids (FAA) in four species of red algae are presented. The content of 20 amino acids was determined in the composition of FAA of the studied species. The largest amounts contained glutamic and aspartic acids, alanine, proline and taurine. The studied algae do not differ in the qualitative composition of protein amino acids, but differ in the presence and content of nonprotein ones. The content of most of the FAA and their summ was the highest for Phycodrysrubens, and in Palmaria palmatathe smallest.


1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 1195-1198
Author(s):  
Eugene L. Dulaney ◽  
E. Bilinski ◽  
W. B. McConnell

Free amino acids and small peptides make up most of the extracellular organic nitrogen in media from shaken and aerated Ustilago maydis fermentations. Of the 3.5 mgm./ml. ammonia nitrogen added, 2.9 mgm./ml. remained in the extracellular broth. This extracellular nitrogen contained 1.17 mgm./ml. of organic nitrogen and 1.74 mgm./ml. of residual ammonia nitrogen. At least 53% of extracellular organic nitrogen is in the form of free amino acids. Fifteen amino acids were estimated quantitatively in acid-hydrolyzed broth and a particularly high level of arginine (1.14 mgm./ml.) was found. The amounts of methionine and tryptophan in the broth were quite low but the lysine concentration 0.400 mgm./ml. was relatively high.


2004 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amparo Gorostiza ◽  
Alexandre J. Cichoscki ◽  
Alice T. Valduga ◽  
Eunice Valduga ◽  
Ana Bernardo ◽  
...  

2004 ◽  
Vol 22 (SI - Chem. Reactions in Foods V) ◽  
pp. S287-S289 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Simon-Sarkadi ◽  
E. Szőke ◽  
A. Kerekes

Comparative study was conducted on the basis of free amino acids and biogenic amines of Hungarian sparkling wines originated from 3 producers (Törley, Hungária, Balaton Boglár). Determination of amino acids and biogenic amines was accomplished by ion-exchange chromatography using an amino acid analyser. The dominant free amino acids in sparkling wines were proline and arginine and the major biogenic amine was spermidine. Based on results of chemometric analyses, free amino acid and biogenic amine contents seemed to be closely related to quality and the technology of sparkling wine making.


2020 ◽  
pp. 52-58
Author(s):  
Elena Serba ◽  
Polina Tadzhibova ◽  
Liubov Rimareva ◽  
Marina Overchenko ◽  
Nadezhda Ignatova ◽  
...  

Introduction. The fungus Aspergillus oryzae is widely used in the production of fermented soy-based products. However, there is little data on how its genetic characteristics affect the biochemical and fractional composition of protein substances during fermentation and the quality of fermented products. This study aimed to investigate the conversion of soy meal under the influence of two A. oryzae strains with different morphological and cultural properties during the production of a fermented soy sauce. Study objects and methods. The study used two A. oryzae strains, RCAM 01133 and RCAM 01134, which were isolated from the industrial F-931 strain (Russian Collection of Industrial Microorganisms), a producer of hydrolytic enzymes. Micromycetes were cultivated by a solid-phase method on soy meal, followed by dry fermentation. The results were analyzed with regard to accumulation of amine nitrogen, bound and free amino acids, proteins and carbohydrates. Results and discussion. The cultivation of micromycetes resulted in a 35–38% increase in protein, a tenfold increase in free amino acids, and a 1.5–1.7 fold decrease in polysaccharides. The contents of essential amino acids in the fermented soy sauce were 1.7 and 1.2 times as high as in the initial medium (soy meal) and in the reference protein, respectively. Fermentation enhanced the biological value of proteins, increasing the amino acid scores of phenylalanine (7.3–7.7 times), phenylalanine (2 times), as well as valine, threonine, tryptophan, and lysine. The contents of protein and essential amino acids were slightly higher in the sauce with the RCAM 01133 strain. Conclusion. Fermenting soy materials with the RCAM 01133 strain of A. oryzae is an alternative way to produce food ingredients with good sensory properties containing carbohydrates and biologically complete protein in easily digestible forms.


2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 34-41
Author(s):  
L.V. Rimareva ◽  
M.B. Overchenko ◽  
N.I. Ignatova ◽  
N.V. Shelekhova ◽  
N.S. Pogorzhelskaya ◽  
...  

An algorithm for the biocatalytic conversion of polymers of subcellular structures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae 985-T has been developed. It was shown that the action of enzymes on cell wall mannoproteins and (3-glucans led to deformation of their structure and the transfer of more than 50% of polysaccharides to a soluble state with the formation of 13.4% reducing carbohydrates, 1.8% amine nitrogen and 7.7% free amino acids (biological-1). Biological-2 had an increased content of total carbohydrates (32.2%) and fiber (10.5%). It was found that the combined action of the complex of proteinases and peptidases contributed to an increase in the degree of hydrolysis of subcellular structures, which was accompanied by a growth of the content of amino nitrogen by 2.7 times, free amino acids by 3.1 times, and low-molecular peptides (up to 500 Da) by 3.5 times (biological-3). The obtained biologicals were characterized by a high content of phosphorus and potassium. It was shown that the use of enzyme systems that catalyze the hydrolysis of intracellular polymers in yeast biomass allows us to obtain products with different biochemical and structural-fractional composition, which determines their properties. Saccharomyces cerevisiae, enzymes, structural-fractional composition, functional ingredients The work was carried out at the expense of the subsidy for the implementation of the State Task.


1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 1195-1198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene L. Dulaney ◽  
E. Bilinski ◽  
W. B. McConnell

Free amino acids and small peptides make up most of the extracellular organic nitrogen in media from shaken and aerated Ustilago maydis fermentations. Of the 3.5 mgm./ml. ammonia nitrogen added, 2.9 mgm./ml. remained in the extracellular broth. This extracellular nitrogen contained 1.17 mgm./ml. of organic nitrogen and 1.74 mgm./ml. of residual ammonia nitrogen. At least 53% of extracellular organic nitrogen is in the form of free amino acids. Fifteen amino acids were estimated quantitatively in acid-hydrolyzed broth and a particularly high level of arginine (1.14 mgm./ml.) was found. The amounts of methionine and tryptophan in the broth were quite low but the lysine concentration 0.400 mgm./ml. was relatively high.


1999 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 1046-1058 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelia C Metges ◽  
Klaus J Petzke ◽  
Antoine E El-Khoury ◽  
Lidewij Henneman ◽  
Ian Grant ◽  
...  

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