Biodegradation of low-density polyethylene plastics by fungi isolated from waste disposal site at district Peshawar, Pakistan

Plastics are resistant to microbial attack, which has become a major cause of environmental pollution. The current study aimed to identify the fungi, capable of the biodegradation of low-density polyethylene plastics from different waste disposal sites at Peshawar, Pakistan. A total of 15 soil samples were collected from different waste disposable sites of Peshawar. From these samples, five fungal isolates Aspergillus Niger, Aspergillus flavus, White rot, and Brown rot fungi were identified based on their colony morphology and microscopic examination. The biodegradation ability of these isolates against low-density polyethylene plastics was studied through the weight loss percentage method on 30 days of incubation. The weight loss percentage showed that Aspegillus Niger, Aspergillus flavus, Brown rot, and white rot fungi showed 22.9%, 16.1%, 18.4%, and 22.7% biodegradation, respectively. This study concluded that Aspergillus Niger, Aspergillus flavus, White rot, and Brown rot fungi are capable to degrade polyethylene plastics.Low density polyethylene, Plastics, Fungi, Biodegradation

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Decay of date palm wood by white-rot and brown-rot fungi

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b91-083 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 69 (3) ◽

pp. 615-629 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

J. E. Adaskaveg ◽

R. A. Blanchette ◽

R. L. Gilbertson

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Cell Walls ◽

Date Palm ◽

Vascular Tissue ◽

White Rot Fungi ◽

Brown Rot ◽

White Rot ◽

Fomitopsis Pinicola ◽

Brown Rot Fungi ◽

Selective Delignification

Wood from trunks of Canary Island date palm (Phoenix canariensis) was decayed for 12 weeks with white-rot fungi (Ganoderma colossum, G. zonatum, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Scytinostroma galactinum, or Trametes versicolor) or brown-rot fungi (Wolfiporia cocos, Gloeophyllum trabeum, or Fomitopsis pinicola). Using the vermiculite-block assay, white-rot fungi caused significantly more weight loss (63%) than brown-rot fungi (32%). Of the white-rot fungi, G. colossum caused the greatest weight loss (81%), while S. galactinum caused the least (36%). In contrast, weight loss caused by the brown-rot fungi was similar. Chemical analyses indicated that both white-rot and brown-rot fungi caused losses of starch, holocellulose, and lignin. White-rot fungi, however, removed greater amounts of lignin than the brown-rot fungi with three species, S. galactinum, P. chrysosporium, and G. zonatum, causing selective delignification. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy showed that phloem and parenchyma cells were more susceptible to decay than xylem and fiber cells. Starch grains were degraded by all fungi and were nearly removed in wood decayed by G. colossum. In wood decayed by white-rot fungi, cell walls were eroded and middle lamellae were degraded. Selective delignification was observed in fibers adjacent to vascular tissue in wood decayed by the three white-rot fungi. In wood decayed by brown-rot fungi, walls of ground parenchyma and vascular bundle cells were swollen and fragmented when physically disrupted. In wood decayed by F. pinicola, some cell walls were nearly disintegrated. Key words: selective delignification, simultaneous decay, ultrastructure.

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Effects of Aspergillus niger on some Physical Properties of Composites Produced from Transparent Low Density Polyethylene Films/Iroko Wood Dust Particles

Journal of Advanced Catalysis Science and Technology ◽

10.15379/2408-9834.2019.06.01.01 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol V6 (I1) ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Hitler Louis ◽

Peter Michael Dass ◽

Haruna Ben Yaduma ◽

Joseph Anazoba Johnson ◽

Ndepana A. Gaya

Keyword(s):

Aspergillus Niger ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Dust Particles ◽

Low Density Polyethylene ◽

Wood Dust ◽

Low Density ◽

Polyethylene Films ◽

Properties Of Composites

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Biodegradation of Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE) by Mixed Culture of Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus and Aspergillus niger in Soil

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0071720 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 8 (9) ◽

pp. e71720 ◽

Cited By ~ 81

Author(s):

Atefeh Esmaeili ◽

Ahmad Ali Pourbabaee ◽

Hossein Ali Alikhani ◽

Farzin Shabani ◽

Ensieh Esmaeili

Keyword(s):

Aspergillus Niger ◽

Mixed Culture ◽

Low Density Polyethylene ◽

Low Density

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Condensed conifer tannins as antifungal agents in liquid culture

Holzforschung ◽

10.1515/hf-2012-0154 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 67 (7) ◽

pp. 825-832 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Anna-Kaisa Anttila ◽

Anna Maria Pirttilä ◽

Hely Häggman ◽

Anni Harju ◽

Martti Venäläinen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Inhibition ◽

Fungal Growth ◽

White Rot Fungi ◽

Brown Rot ◽

Wood Preservative ◽

Soft Rot ◽

White Rot ◽

Wood Preservatives ◽

Active Components ◽

Brown Rot Fungi

Abstract In the last decades, many wood preservatives have been prohibited for their ecotoxicity. The present article is focusing on the conifer-derived condensed tannins as environment-friendly options for the substitution of artificial wood preservatives. Eight different tannin fractions were extracted from spruce cones, spruce barks, and pine cones. The parameters of tannin extraction, such as the methods of purification and concentration of active components in the extracts, have been investigated. The cone and bark extracts were tested for the growth inhibition of eight brown-rot fungi, three white-rot fungi, and four soft-rot fungi in liquid cultures. The cone tannins provided a more efficient fungal growth inhibition than bark tannins. Purification increased the antifungal properties of the extracts. The growth of brown-rot fungi was inhibited by the tannins already at low concentrations. However, the extracts were not effective against the white-rot or soft-rot fungi. More investigation is needed concerning the tannin source and the purification procedure of the extracts before tannins can be considered as an ecologically benign wood preservative.

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Variation in germination percentage of basidiospores collected successively from wood decay fungi in culture

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b83-017 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 61 (1) ◽

pp. 171-173 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

E. L. Schmidt ◽

D. W. French

Keyword(s):

Spore Germination ◽

White Rot Fungi ◽

Wood Decay ◽

Brown Rot ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

White Rot ◽

Malt Extract ◽

Decay Fungi ◽

Brown Rot Fungi ◽

Wood Decay Fungi

Successive collections of basidiospores, produced in culture from the same hymenial areas of four species of wood decay fungi, were tested for spore germination percentage on malt extract agar under controlled conditions. Spores from white rot fungi retained high germination levels after 5 weeks of spore production, but germination averages for brown rot fungi decreased by more than 50%. Such variation should be considered in wood pathology research using spore germination bioassay.

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Iron and calcium translocation from pure gypsum and iron-amended gypsum by two brown rot fungi and a white rot fungus

Holzforschung ◽

10.1515/hf.2008.125 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 62 (6) ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Jonathan S. Schilling ◽

Kaitlyn M. Bissonnette

Keyword(s):

Building Materials ◽

Woody Debris ◽

White Rot Fungi ◽

Brown Rot ◽

White Rot ◽

White Rot Fungus ◽

Irpex Lacteus ◽

Brown Rot Fungi ◽

Ca Oxalate ◽

Iron And Calcium

AbstractWood-degrading fungi commonly grow in contact with calcium (Ca)-containing building materials and may import Ca and iron (Fe) from soil into forest woody debris. For brown rot fungi, imported Ca2+may neutralize oxalate, while Fe3+may facilitate Fenton-based degradation mechanisms. We previously demonstrated, in two independent trials, that degradation of spruce by wood-degrading fungi was not promoted when Ca or Fe were imported from gypsum or metallic Fe, respectively. Here, we tested pine wood with lower endogenous Ca than the spruce blocks used in prior experiments, and included a pure gypsum treatment and one amended with 1% with FeSO4. Electron microscopy with microanalysis verified that brown rot fungiSerpula himantioidesandGloeophyllum trabeumand the white rot fungusIrpex lacteusgrew on gypsum and produced iron-free Ca-oxalate crystals away from the gypsum surface. Wood cation analysis verified significant Fe import by both brown rot isolates in Fe-containing treatments. Wood degradation was highest in Fe-gypsum-containing treatments for all three fungi, although only wood degraded byI. lacteushad significant Ca import. We suggest that Fe impurities may not exacerbate brown rot, and that both brown and white rot fungi may utilize Ca-containing materials.

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Efficacy of Pinosylvins against White-Rot and Brown-Rot Fungi

Holzforschung ◽

10.1515/hf.1999.081 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 53 (5) ◽

pp. 491-497 ◽

Cited By ~ 56

Author(s):

Catherine C. Celimene ◽

Jessie A. Micales ◽

Leslie Ferge ◽

Raymond A. Young

Keyword(s):

Picea Glauca ◽

Pinus Banksiana ◽

White Rot Fungi ◽

Brown Rot ◽

Monomethyl Ether ◽

Decay Resistance ◽

White Rot ◽

Red Maple ◽

Brown Rot Fungi ◽

Agar Media

Summary Three stilbenes, pinosylvin (PS), pinosylvin monomethyl ether (PSM) and pinosylvin dimethyl ether (PSD), were extracted from white spruce (Picea glauca), jack pine (Pinus banksiana), and red pine (Pinus resinosa) pine cones, and their structures were confirmed by spectroscopic and chromatographic (HPLC, GC/MS, NMR and FTIR) analysis. PS, PSM, PSD or a 1:1:1 mixture of these stilbenes at concentrations of 0.1 % and 1.0 % were examined for their fungal inhibitory activity by two bioassay methods. Growth of white-rot fungi (Trametes versicolor and Phanerochaete chrysosporium), and brown-rot fungi (Neolentinus lepideus, Gloeophyllum trabeum and Postia placenta) on agar media in the presence of each of the stilbenes or a 1:1:1 mixture inhibited growth of white-rot fungi, but slightly stimulated growth of brown-rot fungi. Soil-block assays, conditions more representative of those found in nature, did not correlate with those from the screening on agar media. PS, PSM, PSD or a 1:1:1 mixture of the three compounds at concentrations of 0.1 % and 1.0 % did not impart any significant decay resistance to white-rot fungi inoculated on a hardwood (Red maple). However under the same conditions, decay resistance was observed against brown-rot fungi on a softwood (Southern yellow pine). It appears that stilbenes at least partially contribute to wood decay resistance against brown-rot fungi.

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