Pakistan Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology
Latest Publications


TOTAL DOCUMENTS

25
(FIVE YEARS 25)

H-INDEX

0
(FIVE YEARS 0)

Published By The Women University Multan, Pakistan

2707-5494

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-206
Author(s):  
Komal Nawwal ◽  
Amjad Saeed ◽  
Tanveer Hussain ◽  
Sana Ajmal ◽  
Anum Choudry ◽  
...  

Abstract: The plants Cassia fistula and Terminalia arjuna are medicinally important and produce leaves and colourful blossoms that belong to the Caesalpinioideae of the legume family and the family of Combretaceae. The antioxidant, hydrogen peroxide, and phytochemical assessment (qualitative and quantitative) of methanolic and ethanolic extracts of Cassia fistula and Terminalia arjuna flowers and leaves were investigated in this work. In qualitative phytochemical evaluation, the presence of ten different chemicals of varying degrees and classes was observed, and alkaloids, steroids, tannis, glycosides, saponins, flavonoids, and terpinoids were confirmed during qualitative screening. During quantitative analysis, the Cassia fistula L. leaves showed the highest TFC (32.783A ± 0.073) and the TPC was observed highest in Terminalia arjuna flowers (42.800A ± 0.028). The highest DPPH percentage was recorded in C. fistula flowers (21.825A ± 0.069) compared to its lowest value observed in C. fistula leaves (10.660B ± 0.053). The highest hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) scavenging activity among both plants was found in C. fistula (12.526A ± 0.146) and the lowest in its leaves (7.1470B ± 0.045). The methanolic extracts showed promising antioxidant activity. The presence of bioactive components in the leaves and flowers of Terminalia arjuna and Cassia fistula suggests that these flowers and leaves might be used as a phytochemical source and are also effective and safe as natural remedies. The biochemical analysis proved that the extracts of Cassia fistula and Terminalia arjuna plants have glycosides, flavonoids, and alkaloids that play a role in antioxidant activity.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-228
Author(s):  
Shahid Hafeez Khan ◽  
Amjad Saeed ◽  
Tanveer Hussain ◽  
Junaid Naseer ◽  
Ghulam Yasin ◽  
...  

Pollution is the main cause that effects the environment in a degradable condition. For the presence of heavy metals in the atmosphere birds are considered as tremendous bio indicator. Blue pigeon and domestic pigeon (Coloumba livia) of Faisalabad are selected to examine the level of heavy metals including Manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), Cobalt (Co), lead (Pb) cadmium (Cd) and Copper (Cu) in several tissues such as (heart, lungs, bones, muscles and feathers. Six adult birds were collected rural, urban and residential and traffic areas of Faisalabad. After collection of sample fresh weight will be measured of each sample, then digestion of sample was done by conventional acid digestion method and digested samples were analyzed in the lab by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer for the determination of heavy metals.  It was concluded that accumulation of heavy metals in the birds depends upon the environmental conditions. Our result showed that concentration of heavy metals more in rock pigeon as compared to domestic pigeon which may be due to more exposure of industrial waste to rock pigeon. It has inferred from our study that high concentration of heavy metals in the excreta of rock pigeon was due to its high trophic level in food chain.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-176
Author(s):  
Komal Aslam ◽  
Hafiza Iqra Saeed ◽  
Jessica Alyas ◽  
Aysha Saeed ◽  
Tanveer Majeed ◽  
...  

Bioremediation involves the use of natural microorganisms for the purpose ofdegrading numerous types of industrial and environmental waste. Microorganismsrequire carbon, nutrients, and energy to live and multiply as all living organisms do. Inorder to obtain energy, such microorganisms break down organic pollutants into simplerorganic compounds like carbon, salts, water, and similar harmless products. Thisapproach of degrading contaminants using microorganisms has proved much beneficialand has been proven to be cost-effective and efficient. There are a lot of naturally occurringmicroorganisms that have been reported essential in the degradation of organic pollutants.Different industries use different types of bioremediation methods. Specificenvironmental conditions may be required for optimal functioning of microbes e.g., pH,temperature, humidity, etc. Bioremediation has been proven as an environment-friendlyand cost-effective approach to deal with industrial contaminants. Descriptive informationof microbes involved in bioremediation has been explained in this review.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-235
Author(s):  
Iqra Arooj ◽  
Alishba Sehar ◽  
Asghar Javaid

Prevalence and multidrug resistance among bacteria in catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) has been on the rise in recent times. Hence, the prevalence rate and antibacterial susceptibility of bacteria in CAUTIs in ICU patients was evaluated. A total of 120 patients admitted to the ICU of Nishtar Hospital, Multan, were recruited for this study. Both gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial isolates were characterized based on biochemical tests including catalase test, oxidase test, indole test, TSI test, citrate test, coagulase test and growth on 6.5% NaCl agar. The prevalence of bacterial species was Escherichia coli (32%), Staphylococcus aureus (26%), Pseudomonas spp. (18%), Proteus spp. (14%) and Enterococcus spp. (2%). A considerable degree of resistance against commonly prescribed antibiotics was observed. Gram negative bacteria showed resistance to ciprofloxacin, piperacillin-tazobactam and amikacin as well as susceptibility to imipenem, tigecycline and polymixin. Gram positive bacteria showed resistance to antibiotics such as piperacillin-tazobactam, ampicillin, gentamicin, oxacillin and ceftazidime suggesting the ineffectiveness of these antibiotics for treating bacterial infections among CAUTI patients and demonstrating the latest trends in antimicrobial drug resistance profile in local population.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-126
Author(s):  
Rabbiah Manzoor Malik ◽  
Sahar Fazal ◽  
Syed Touqeer Abbas ◽  
Aamer Bhatti ◽  
Mukhtar Ullah ◽  
...  

Background: Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection has been found to be the major cause of cancer of cervical region, in females.  Genome of HPV codes for 6 functional proteins E1, E2, E4, E5, E6 and E7. These proteins play different roles in development of HPV infection and its progression towards cervical cancer. The interactions of HPV proteins with human DNA and proteins occurs in the presence of short linear peptide motifs on these proteins, have similar sequence to those found on proteins in human cells. Methods: After identification of human motifs in HPV proteins, by use of ELM resource, their counter domains were found from PROSITE. The proteins of human proteome containing these counter domains were predicted as the proteins having possibility of interactions with HPV proteins.    Results: we predicted 9468 human proteins for having interactions with HPV proteins. Our predicted proteins were enriched with the host proteins having possibility of being interacted by HPV proteins. 10% of our predicted proteins were already reported to be affected by one or more HPV proteins. The list of predicated proteins can be utilized to find out the connectivity between the virus HPV and human host. It can also be used to determine the pathways involved in pathogenesis of HPV leading towards the cervical cancer Conclusion: The list of predicated proteins can be utilized to find out the connectivity between the virus HPV and human host. It can also be used to determine the pathways involved in pathogenesis of HPV leading towards the cervical cancer.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-133
Author(s):  
Ali Hyder ◽  
Muddasir Khan ◽  
Saifullah Khan ◽  
Madiha Iqbal ◽  
Sohail Ahmad Jan ◽  
...  

Plastics are resistant to microbial attack, which has become a major cause of environmental pollution. The current study aimed to identify the fungi, capable of the biodegradation of low-density polyethylene plastics from different waste disposal sites at Peshawar, Pakistan. A total of 15 soil samples were collected from different waste disposable sites of Peshawar. From these samples, five fungal isolates Aspergillus Niger, Aspergillus flavus, White rot, and Brown rot fungi were identified based on their colony morphology and microscopic examination. The biodegradation ability of these isolates against low-density polyethylene plastics was studied through the weight loss percentage method on 30 days of incubation. The weight loss percentage showed that Aspegillus Niger, Aspergillus flavus, Brown rot, and white rot fungi showed 22.9%, 16.1%, 18.4%, and 22.7% biodegradation, respectively. This study concluded that Aspergillus Niger, Aspergillus flavus, White rot, and Brown rot fungi are capable to degrade polyethylene plastics.Low density polyethylene, Plastics, Fungi, Biodegradation


2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-96
Author(s):  
Ghulam Sughra Mangrio ◽  
Altaf Ahmed Simair ◽  
Shumiala Tabassum ◽  
Bharat Kumar ◽  
Nadia Mangrio

An experimental study was conducted to optimise nutritional media for date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) micropropagation by employing a shoot tip as an explant on basic Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with varied Auxin (IAA, NAA) and Cytokinin (Kinetin and 2ip) concentrations for shoot and root multiplication. The findings of date palm regeneration on basal MS medium (Control) without Kinetin and IAA indicated a decreased survival rate (5.0%) and no root or shoot up to the end of the experiment. When the basal MS medium having different Kinetin and IAA concentrations showed an increased rate of survival, i.e. basal MS +0.5 mg/L of Kinetin and 0.0 IAA (8.0%), MS basal+1.0 mg/L of Kinetin and 0.5 IAA (6.6) and basal MS +2.0 mg/L of Kinetin and 1.5 IAA (7.0) and basal MS contains 1.5 mg/L of Kinetin and 1.0 IAA resulted in highest survival rate (8.8%). However, the highest number of shoots (2.2) and a maximum length of shoots (8.8 cm) were recorded on basal MS medium containing 2.0 mg/L of Kinetin and 1.5 IAA. Moreover, the highest number of roots (3.34) and measured the maximum length of roots (3.56 cm) was achieved on basal MS media containing 1.0 NAA and 1.5 mg/L of 2ip.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-218
Author(s):  
Amjad Saeed ◽  
Tanveer Hussain ◽  
Anum Choudry ◽  
Muhammad Umair ◽  
Muhammad Altaf ◽  
...  

In Pakistan, arid and semi-arid areas are more prone to limited rainfall, extensive evapo-transpiration and higher temperatures. For better understandings of current situation, a field experiment was carried out to study the morphological characteristics, biochemical responses and ionic composition of Conocarpus species (Conocarpus erectus and Conocarpus lancifolius) under saline soil conditions in Lal Suhanra National Park, Bahawalpur during 2019-21. Three sites one at normal soil (S.I) and two at different salinity levels (Medium and High Salinity) were observed in order to assess their effect on plant growth and other parameters. The data regarding physiological and biochemical parameters were recorded. Conocarpus lancifolius and Conocarpus erectus has maximum (233) mmol m-2sec-1 and (162) mmol m-2sec-1 stomatal conductance respectively. Maximum transpiration rate (4.57 MMOL M-2S-1) was observed at site-I in case of C. lancifolius, while maximum transpiration rate in case of C. erectus was (2.94 MMOL M-2S-1) at site-I. At control level, maximum photosynthetic rate was measured as (8.76 µmol m-2sec-1) in C. lancifolius and (5.59 µmol m-2sec-1) in case of C. erectus. Conocarpus species; Conocarpus lancifolius and Conocarpus erectus has maximum SOD (13.29 and 19.62) and CAT (16.48 and 42.05), and POD (14.81 and 8.81 U/mg protein) respectively. Maximum values of Na+K+ ratio in leaves (3.08), shoots (5.98) and roots (9.84) were detected at site-I in C. lancifolius. Based on statistically analyzed data, it is revealed that Conocarpus lancifolius can tolerate better salt stress as compared to Conocarpus erectus. Both species of Conocarpus can tolerate salinity up to 40 dSm-1 but growth of Conocarpus erectus is affected more as compared to Conocarpus lancifolius.  


2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-194
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ayyaz ◽  
Zulqurnain Khan ◽  
Nabila Tabassam ◽  
Tariq Sultan ◽  
Amjad Saeed ◽  
...  

The use of rhizobacteria for plant growth enhancement is decades old. Still, in this era of the 21st century, biofertilizers have become the need of the day due to the health and environmental concerns associated with chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Rhizobacteria strains were isolated from the rhizosphere of rice and wheat. The selected bacterial strains' nitrogen fixation, indole acetic acid (IAA) production, phosphorus solubilization, and antifungal activity were determined on morphological, biochemical, and molecular levels. Production of IAA ranged from 6 µg/ml to 29.33 µg/ml. Ethylene production (C2H4/hr) varied from 2 µmoles to 9.8 µmoles. Maximum Phosphorus Solubilization index (7), decrease in pH (4) and Solubilization % age (0.49) was observed in WM-2 (wheat microbe). Promising results were obtained concerning antifungal activity against Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium sp. The effect of the potential PGPR strains on the germination of rice and wheat was significantly positive in Petri plates. In the case of rice, the highest shoot length (29.27 cm) was observed by inoculation with RPR-33 (Rice isolate), and the most increased root length (9.33 cm) was observed in the treatment inoculated with RPR-42. The highest shoot fresh weight (476.67 mg/plant) was recorded in the treatment inoculated with RPR-42. The maximum root weight was 170 mg/plant in the same treatment. For wheat, all recorded growth parameters were improved significantly by wheat microbe WM-5. All the PGPR isolates showed positive results for growth parameters of wheat and rice on inoculation. So, it is suggested that these PGPR isolates may be used in potential biofertilizers.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-247
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ali Sher ◽  
Abdus Salam Khan ◽  
Zulfiqar Ali ◽  
Sultan Habibullah Khan

A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed using a high-density infinium 90K SNP array. We identified a total markers traits associations (MTAs) (p ?0.000) for the following plant traits; days taken to 50% heading(DH), days to 50% maturity (DM), plant height (Ph) cm, flag leaf area cm2 (FLA), tillers number per plant, spike length (SL) cm and grain yield per plant (GP) g. Most of the SNPs were identified in the A and B genome as compared to the D genome. The significant associated SNPs were mainly distributed on the chromosome 2B, 3B, 5A, and 5B. Nine SNPs on chromosome 5A, 2B and 2D were identified having pleiotropic effects The correlation analysis showed a significant positive association among SL, NT, GP. Which depicted that these traits are promising for breeding high yielding wheat cultivars. This study provided useful information of the valuable genetic loci for marker-assisted breeding. 


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document