SOCIAL STATUS AND GUT MICROBIAL DYSBIOSIS IN ADULTS AND CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS: A PROFOUND REVIEW OF THE AVAILABLE LITERATURE SOURCES

Autism is a complex disorder without a specific diagnosis, so the disease is defined by its specific characteristics described in the literature as cognitive defects, social, communication and behavioral problems, repetitive behaviors, unusual sensitivity to stimuli such as noise, restricted interests, and self stimulation. There are many models in the literature explaining the biology of autism, which are based on genetics, immunity, various environmental factors and diet. There is a lot of literature data that people with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) often have gastrointestinal problems that also affect their behavior. ASD suffer developmental disabilities from an early age, which can be both physical and psychological. Often people suffer these problems even throughout their lives. This review aims to provide basic information on definitions, historical data, diagnostic methods, behavioral etiology, gastrointestinal and social problems in adults and children with ASD.

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Experimental Models to Study Autism Spectrum Disorders: hiPSCs, Rodents and Zebrafish

Genes ◽

10.3390/genes11111376 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 1376

Author(s):

Alba Pensado-López ◽

Sara Veiga-Rúa ◽

Ángel Carracedo ◽

Catarina Allegue ◽

Laura Sánchez

Keyword(s):

Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Experimental Models ◽

Repetitive Behaviors ◽

Restricted Interests ◽

Complex Disorder ◽

Spectrum Disorders ◽

Associated Risk Factors

Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) affect around 1.5% of the global population, which manifest alterations in communication and socialization, as well as repetitive behaviors or restricted interests. ASD is a complex disorder with known environmental and genetic contributors; however, ASD etiology is far from being clear. In the past decades, many efforts have been put into developing new models to study ASD, both in vitro and in vivo. These models have a lot of potential to help to validate some of the previously associated risk factors to the development of the disorder, and to test new potential therapies that help to alleviate ASD symptoms. The present review is focused on the recent advances towards the generation of models for the study of ASD, which would be a useful tool to decipher the bases of the disorder, as well as to conduct drug screenings that hopefully lead to the identification of useful compounds to help patients deal with the symptoms of ASD.

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Biological implications of genetic variations in autism spectrum disorders from genomics studies

Bioscience Reports ◽

10.1042/bsr20210593 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yue Zhang ◽

Xuanshi Liu ◽

Ruolan Guo ◽

Wenjian Xu ◽

Qi Guo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽

Molecular Genetic ◽

Genetic Diagnosis ◽

Gene Mutations ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Repetitive Behaviors ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Restricted Interests ◽

Coding Regions ◽

Spectrum Disorders

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is a highly heterogeneous neurodevelopmental condition characterized by atypical social interaction and communication together with repetitive behaviors and restricted interests. The prevalence of ASD has been increased these years. Compelling evidence has shown that genetic factors contribute largely to the development of ASD. However, knowledge about its genetic etiology and pathogenesis is limited. Broad applications of genomics studies have revealed the importance of gene mutations at protein-coding regions as well as the interrupted non-coding regions in the development of ASD. In this review, we summarize the current evidence for the known molecular genetic basis and possible pathological mechanisms as well as the risk genes and loci of ASD. Functional studies for the underlying mechanisms are also implicated. The understanding of the genetics and genomics of ASD is important for the genetic diagnosis and intervention for this condition.

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