scholarly journals Functional ecology of Nothofagus pumilio regeneration in relation to light availability = Ecología funcional de la regeneración de lenga (Nothofagus pumilio) respecto a la disponibilidad de luz

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-53
Author(s):  
Guillermo J. Martínez Pastur ◽  
María Vanessa Lencinas ◽  
Pablo Luis Peri
Keyword(s):  
Light Availability ◽  
Functional Ecology ◽  
Nothofagus Pumilio

Las propuestas silvícolas de los bosques de Nothofagus pumilio se basan en la apertura del dosel para estimular el crecimiento de la regeneración, cambiando la disponibilidad de agua y luz. Las plántulas sobreviven como si fueran especies tolerantes y crecen lentamente por largo tiempo (más de 20 años) bajo altas coberturas. Sin embargo, cuando el dosel se abre debido a la cosecha o volteos por viento, la regeneración reacciona como una especie intolerante, colonizando rápidamente los sectores abiertos. El objetivo del estudio fue efectuar una comparación, analizando las características fisiológicas y morfológicas de plántulas de N. pumilio creciendo en un gradiente de luz bajo condiciones controladas de riego y temperatura.

Functional ecology of advance regeneration in relation to light in boreal forests

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 812-823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Messier ◽  
René Doucet ◽  
Jean-Claude Ruel ◽  
Yves Claveau ◽  
Colin Kelly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Light Availability ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Functional Ecology ◽  
Tree Seedlings ◽  
Maximum Height ◽  
Surface Area Ratio ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Advance Regeneration ◽  
Leaf Level

This paper reviews aspects of the functional ecology of naturally established tree seedlings in the boreal forests of North America with an emphasis on the relationship between light availability and the growth and survival of shade tolerant conifers up to pole size. Shade tolerant conifer species such as firs and spruces tend to have a lower specific leaf mass, photosynthetic rate at saturation, live crown ratio, STAR (shoot silhouette area to total needle surface area ratio), and root to shoot ratio than the shade intolerant pines. The inability of intolerant species such as the pines and aspen to survive in shade appears to be mainly the result of characteristics at the shoot, crown, and whole-tree levels and not at the leaf level. Although firs and spruces frequently coexist in shaded understories, they do not have identical growth patterns and crown architectures. We propose a simple framework based on the maximum height that different tree species can sustain in shade, which may help managers determine the timing of partial or complete harvests. Consideration of these functional aspects of regeneration is important to the understanding of boreal forest dynamics and can be useful to forest managers seeking to develop or assess novel silvicultural systems.

CHANGES IN TAXONOMIC AND FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY NORTH OF A BIOGEOGRAPHIC BOUNDARY DURING THE PLIOCENE TO MODERN, WESTERN NORTH ATLANTIC

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max Christie ◽  
◽  
Mark E. Patzkowsky ◽  
Gregory P. Dietl ◽  
Patricia H. Kelley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Functional Ecology

scholarly journals The relative abundance of wheat Rubisco activase isoforms is post-transcriptionally regulated

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Alejandro Perdomo ◽  
Peter Buchner ◽  
Elizabete Carmo-Silva
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Light Availability ◽  
Transcript Level ◽  
Rubisco Activase ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Diel Cycle ◽  
Diurnal Rhythms ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Β Protein ◽  
Wheat Leaves

AbstractDiurnal rhythms and light availability affect transcription–translation feedback loops that regulate the synthesis of photosynthetic proteins. The CO2-fixing enzyme Rubisco is the most abundant protein in the leaves of major crop species and its activity depends on interaction with the molecular chaperone Rubisco activase (Rca). In Triticum aestivum L. (wheat), three Rca isoforms are present that differ in their regulatory properties. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the relative abundance of the redox-sensitive and redox-insensitive Rca isoforms could be differentially regulated throughout light–dark diel cycle in wheat. While TaRca1-β expression was consistently negligible throughout the day, transcript levels of both TaRca2-β and TaRca2-α were higher and increased at the start of the day, with peak levels occurring at the middle of the photoperiod. Abundance of TaRca-β protein was maximal 1.5 h after the peak in TaRca2-β expression, but the abundance of TaRca-α remained constant during the entire photoperiod. The redox-sensitive TaRca-α isoform was less abundant, representing 85% of the redox-insensitive TaRca-β at the transcript level and 12.5% at the protein level. Expression of Rubisco large and small subunit genes did not show a consistent pattern throughout the diel cycle, but the abundance of Rubisco decreased by up to 20% during the dark period in fully expanded wheat leaves. These results, combined with a lack of correlation between transcript and protein abundance for both Rca isoforms and Rubisco throughout the entire diel cycle, suggest that the abundance of these photosynthetic enzymes is post-transcriptionally regulated.

scholarly journals Intensity and mode of Lindera melissifolia reproduction are affected by flooding and light availability

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 13153-13165
Author(s):  
Theodor D. Leininger ◽  
Emile S. Gardiner ◽  
Brian Roy Lockhart ◽  
Nathan M. Schiff ◽  
Alphus Dan Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Availability

The functional ecology of bat pollination in the African sausage tree Kigelia africana (Bignoniaceae)

Biotropica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 477-486
Author(s):  
Ethan Newman ◽  
Keeveshnee Govender ◽  
Sandy Niekerk ◽  
Steven D. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Functional Ecology ◽  
Bat Pollination

scholarly journals Light environment drives evolution of color vision genes in butterflies and moths

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yash Sondhi ◽  
Emily A. Ellis ◽  
Seth M. Bybee ◽  
Jamie C. Theobald ◽  
Akito Y. Kawahara
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Color Vision ◽  
Light Availability ◽  
High Light ◽  
Light Environment ◽  
Evolution Rate ◽  
Animal Evolution ◽  
Light Sensing ◽  
Rates Of Evolution ◽  
Gains And Losses

AbstractOpsins, combined with a chromophore, are the primary light-sensing molecules in animals and are crucial for color vision. Throughout animal evolution, duplications and losses of opsin proteins are common, but it is unclear what is driving these gains and losses. Light availability is implicated, and dim environments are often associated with low opsin diversity and loss. Correlations between high opsin diversity and bright environments, however, are tenuous. To test if increased light availability is associated with opsin diversification, we examined diel niche and identified opsins using transcriptomes and genomes of 175 butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera). We found 14 independent opsin duplications associated with bright environments. Estimating their rates of evolution revealed that opsins from diurnal taxa evolve faster—at least 13 amino acids were identified with higher dN/dS rates, with a subset close enough to the chromophore to tune the opsin. These results demonstrate that high light availability increases opsin diversity and evolution rate in Lepidoptera.

Rehabilitation of Nothofagus pumilio forests in Chilean Patagonia: can fencing and planting season effectively protect against exotic European hare browsing?

New Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Huertas Herrera ◽  
Álvaro Promis ◽  
Mónica Toro-Manríquez ◽  
María Vanessa Lencinas ◽  
Guillermo Martínez Pastur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nothofagus Pumilio ◽  
European Hare ◽  
Chilean Patagonia ◽  
Planting Season

Distribution and Seasonality of Macroalgae on Oyster Communities of Central Chesapeake Bay

1980 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith L. Connor
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Sexual Reproduction ◽  
Chesapeake Bay ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
Light Availability ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Distributions ◽  
Red Algal ◽  
Study Sites

AbstractField studies of the benthic macroalgae of fifteen selected Chesapeake Bay oyster communities were conducted over a period of a year (March 1977 to February 1978). Algal distribu tion and seasonal occurrence were studied in relation to changes in the physical environment. Salinity, temperature, and light availability were important factors in the spatial and temporal distributions of algae in these subtidal habitats.Seventeen species of Chlorophyta, Phaeophyta, and Rhodophyta were recorded from the fifteen study sites distributed over 130 kilometers within the Maryland portion of Chesapeake Bay. Species of Chlorophyta were associated with oyster communities throughout the year of study with maximum numbers of species and maximum biomass occurring in spring. Only once was a member of the Phaeophyta encountered; a single filamentous species, Ectocarpus, was collected during winter. Species of Rhodophyta were present throughout the year at the study sites.Most of the algae collected reproduced asexually by spores and/or vegetative fragments. Sexual reproduction occurred in some of the red algal species. The presence of tetrasporic and cystocarpic plants of Dasya baillouviana and Polysiphonia harveyi var. olneyi may indicate that the usual triphasic Florideophycean life history occurs in this estuary.

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