Current Language Maintenance Research in Jordan

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 218
Author(s):  
Abdelkader M. Alshboul
Keyword(s):  
Language Use ◽  
Language Maintenance ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Complex Picture ◽  
Language Maintenance And Shift ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Level Analysis ◽  
The Way

<p>This paper investigates the methodology utilized in Jordanian language maintenance and shift research on six minorities including Chechens, Armenians, Gypsies, Druze, Circassian, and Kurds. It argues that the methodology has been based on the macro-level analysis that examined the role of a number of sociodemographic factors in the LMLS process. However, this analysis does not offer a complex picture of immigrants’ language use and attitudes. It is suggested in this paper that the micro level analysis should also be employed to illuminate the way language is negotiated and used. </p>

scholarly journals Studying Characteristic and Identity through Oral Literature in Malaynese

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tasnim Lubis
Keyword(s):  
Language Use ◽  
Speech Community ◽  
Oral Literature ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Way

In oral literature, the moment that people remember most is could be the way the performer in performing it, the intonation, the history beyond, the particular sayings, or the performer itself. It depends on the listeners’ background about how they achieved. Among of them, oral literature has important role in sharing information among a speech community because the listeners are able to get the message directly without any interpretation. Consequenty, the study of oral literature is not merely study the language as principal but also language use because it is related to the character and identity. In addition, the study tends to have information from native view because it is related to their concept in mind. This study discussed about the concept of oral literature, the role of oral literature of Malaynese in building character and identity, and the role of Antropolinguistik as interdisipliner to analize oral literature in Malaynese.

18. Political Participation

2020 ◽  
pp. 318-335
Author(s):  
Herbert Kitschelt ◽  
Philipp Rehm
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Movements ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Political Participation ◽  
Interest Groups ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Politically Active

This chapter examines four fundamental questions relating to political participation. First, it considers different modes of political participation such as social movements, interest groups, and political parties. Second, it analyses the determinants of political participation, focusing in particular on the paradox of collective action. Third, it explains political participation at the macro-level in order to identify which contextual conditions are conducive to participation and the role of economic affluence in political participation. Finally, the chapter discusses political participation at the micro-level. It shows that both formal associations and informal social networks, configured around family and friendship ties, supplement individual capacities to engage in political participation or compensate for weak capacities, so as to boost an individual’s probability to become politically active.

New Venture Growth: Role of Ecosystem Elements and Prior Experience

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumita Sarma ◽  
Jacob M. Marszalek
Keyword(s):  
Firm Growth ◽  
New Venture ◽  
Moderating Effects ◽  
Entrepreneurial Ecosystem ◽  
New Firm ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
New Venture Growth ◽  
Prior Experiences ◽  
Level Analysis

AbstractEntrepreneurial ecosystems provide a rich context for analyzing entrepreneurial outcomes such as new venture growth. In most entrepreneurship research, influence of context or environment is undermined or controlled. Also, most studies consider either macro- or micro-level factors using single-level analysis, which mute the higher-level influences on new firm growth. To overcome these gaps, we empirically consider macro- and micro-level factors together, and their cross-level interactions to portray the nexus of entrepreneurs and entrepreneurial ecosystem in growth of new independent ventures in the various US metros. Our findings provide interesting insights on the moderating effects of prior experiences of founders on ecosystem attributes and firm growth.

18. Political participation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert Kitschelt ◽  
Philipp Rehm
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Movements ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Political Participation ◽  
Interest Groups ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Politically Active

This chapter examines four fundamental questions relating to political participation. First, it considers different modes of political participation such as social movements, interest groups, and political parties. Second, it analyses the determinants of political participation, focusing in particular on the paradox of collective action. Third, it explains political participation at the macro-level in order to identify which contextual conditions are conducive to participation and the role of economic affluence in political participation. Finally, the chapter discusses political participation at the micro-level. It shows that both formal associations and informal social networks, configured around family and friendship ties, supplement individual capacities to engage in political participation or compensate for weak capacities, so as to boost an individual's probability to become politically active.

scholarly journals Immigrant Language Maintenance and Shift in the Gujarati, Dutch and Samoan Communities of Wellington

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Mary Lucy Roberts
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Language Policy ◽  
Language Proficiency ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Language Maintenance ◽  
Policy Formation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Language Maintenance And Shift ◽  
History Of ◽  
Immigrant Language

<p>This thesis makes a contribution to the study of language maintenance and shift among New Zealand ethnic minority communities; it explores reasons for different rates of shift and different outcomes in relation to language maintenance in different communities; and the results are related to wide-ranging issues of New Zealand language policy. Research was undertaken in three minority immigrant groups in Wellington. The Gujarati community in Wellington is a major part of the Indian community totalling approximately 6,000 people at the time of the research; the Samoan community consisted of approximately 16,000 people, and the Dutch of 3,000. 141 members of the Gujarati community responded to questionnaires and interviews about themselves and their children, providing information on patterns of reported language proficiency, language use and attitudes to language maintenance from a total of 327 people. 184 Dutch respondents replied to a postal questionnaire about their own and their children's language knowledge, language usage patterns and attitudes to language maintenance, providing data on 412 people. 93 Samoan respondents filled out questionnaires and responded to interviews about themselves and their 133 children. Thus Information on a total of 965 New Zealanders belonging to minority immigrant communities was obtained. The data collected on patterns of language maintenance and shift is examined in the light of a wide range of language policy issues. The history of language and identity politics, minority immigration in New Zealand, and the immigration histories of the three groups are examined in detail, and the history of language and policy formation in New Zealand, is outlined and evaluated. The research focuses on the process of immigrant language maintenance and shift in the family and immediate community, and also investigates the role of language maintenance education in these processes. Information about language use processes in childhood and adulthood is presented. The Graded Intergeneration Disruption Stages scale, proposed by Joshua Fishman is tested against the information gathered on the three communities and found to be a useful heuristic device. The results of the research show that while processes of language maintenance and shift occur in all three communities, these processes take very different forms in each community, move at different speeds and. to date, have had very different outcomes. The reasons for the differences between the communities in these respects are examined in some detail. Finally, on the basis of the evidence provided by the research, language policy proposals are presented supporting the provision of government services in minority immigrant languages and indicating the advantages of state support for language maintenance education.</p>

scholarly journals Ageing, Vulnerable and Unstable: My Week with Marilyn and Popular Perceptions of Vivien Leigh

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy Bolton
Keyword(s):  
Departure Point ◽  
Central Focus ◽  
Counter Narrative ◽  
Complex Picture ◽  
Marilyn Monroe ◽  
The Way

This article will argue that My Week with Marilyn (2011), despite its central focus on Marilyn Monroe, offers important peripheral insights into the way in which Vivien Leigh is popularly perceived as neurotic and unstable, particularly in relation to her ageing, and that it depicts a moment in her life and career that calls for deeper analysis than this film affords. Leigh, played by Julia Ormond, appears in six scenes in the film, which depict her as threatened by Marilyn Monroe on personal and professional fronts. Drawing on material from the Vivien Leigh Archive held by the V&A to assist in analysing Leigh's image and career at this time, it is possible to construct a counter-narrative which acknowledges her personal difficulties but also her professional successes, creating a more complex picture of Leigh that both resists some of the negativities conveyed by My Week with Marilyn and also enables a fuller understanding of the circumstances that led to this kind of depiction. This article reads the Vivien Leigh scenes in My Week with Marilyn as an inadequate mini-biopic and takes them as a departure point to highlight the caricature the film presents and examine some of the reasons why this might be the case. In doing so, it exposes the assumptions made about the role of ageing in the careers of Leigh and Ormond, and the significance of the elisions and omissions.

scholarly journals Russian language maintenance among multilingual teachers in Israeli educational settings

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 1103-1125
Author(s):  
Galina Putjata
Keyword(s):  
Education Policy ◽  
Prospective Teachers ◽  
Language Maintenance ◽  
Language Education ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Educational Settings ◽  
Meso Level ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Regular Teacher

The present paper focuses on language maintenance among multilingual teachers and presents a research project with Russian-Hebrew speakers on their ideas of language-related normality in educational settings. The main objective is to investigate the role of migration-related multilingual teachers within the multilingual turn. The project approached the topic from three perspectives: the macro level of educational policies, the meso level of educational institutions, and the micro level of linguistic development. Data were collected through biographical interviews with 17 teachers and interpreted within the theoretical framework of language beliefs using the concepts of linguistic market, language awareness and language education policy as well as pedagogical competence. The results show the close interconnectedness of language beliefs on all the three levels. They also show that beliefs can experience a reconstruction. In order to challenge the monolingual idea of normality among teachers, an interwoven intervention on all the three levels is necessary: there is a need for education policy measures (macro level) that would anchor training on dealing with multilingualism (meso level) in regular teacher training and, in doing so, would draw on the existing migration-related multilingual practices of prospective teachers (micro level). This interaction between top-down (professionalization in dealing with multilingualism anchored in educational policy) and bottom-up (migration-related multilingual practices among prospective teachers) measures can enable a shift toward multilingualism as an idea of normality in educational contexts. This paper contributes to a better understanding of the formation, development and reconstruction of language-related idea of normality among teachers and discusses its methodological and theoretical implications.

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