EVALUATION OF THE GROWING CONDITIONS OF SEA-BUCKTHORN PLANTATIONS UNDER INUNDATIVE IRRIGATION

Vestnik Altajskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta ◽

10.53083/1996-4277-2021-203-30-36 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 30-36

Author(s):

S.V. Makarychev ◽

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Soil Layer ◽

Growing Season ◽

Sea Buckthorn ◽

Parent Rock ◽

Illuvial Horizon ◽

Soil Moisture Deficit ◽

Moisture Deficit ◽

Ture Content ◽

Humus Horizons

Sea-buckthorn grows well on slope lands that are high-ly drained and lack stagnant water. The optimum soil mois-ture content for sea-buckthorn corresponds to 70% of the lowest moisture capacity. Under continuous soil moisture deficit, the leaf surface area decreased, the fruits were poorly set as a result of ovary drop during the first half of the growing season, and berry size decreased. In this re-gard, the study of the water regime of the soil under sea-buckthorn plantations the possibility of its regulation re-mained quite topical. The available moisture in the humus horizons of chernozem in May 2004 corresponded to a satisfactory level. At the end of summer, the moisture con-tent of the chernozem decreased to unsatisfactory state. As a result, the plants experienced water deprivation throughout the growing season. Naturally, the need arose for irrigation, especially in June and August with irrigation rates of 490 and 280 t per m3, respectively. In the underly-ing horizons, the soil moisture deficit was weaker. In the humus horizons, the available moisture in the chernozem in the middle of the slope did not differ much from the mois-ture content at its top. At the same time, in the transitional BC layer in the second half of summer, the available mois-ture content was significantly higher. This difference was also found in the parent rock. In the lower part of theslope, the one-meter soil layer contained a greater amount of moisture which contributed to the decrease of its deficit during the entire growing season. This was especially no-ticeable in the illuvial horizon and parent rock. In the sec-ond half of summer,the available moisture content here remained higher than in the upper slope sites. In conclu-sion, it should be noted that only humus-accumulative hori-zons A (arable) + AB needed irrigation with different irriga-tion rates depending on the location of the sea-buckthorn plantations on the slope and their growth features.

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WATER REGIME OF CHERNOZEM LEACHED UNDER SEA BUCKTHORN ON DEEPFILLING ESTUARIES

Vestnik scientific and methodological council in environmental engineering and water management ◽

10.26897/2618-8732-2021-22-44-50 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 44-50

Author(s):

C.V. Makarychev ◽

Keyword(s):

Transition Layer ◽

Water Regime ◽

Soil Layer ◽

Growing Season ◽

Sea Buckthorn ◽

Illuvial Horizon ◽

The Sun ◽

Humus Horizons

In the humus horizons, the productive moisture reserves in the chernozem in the middle of the slope did not differ much from the moisture reserves at its top. At the same time, in the transition layer of the SUN in the second half of summer, they were significantly higher. This difference also occurred in the soilforming rock. In the lower part of the slope, the meter-long layer of the soil layer contained a greater amount of moisture, which helped to reduce its deficit during the entire growing season. This was especially noticeable in the illuvial horizon and the soil-forming rock. In the second half of the growing season, the ELVs here remained higher than on the upper elements of the slope. In conclusion, it should be noted that only humus-accumulative horizons of Ap+AB needed irrigation with different irrigation norms, depending on the location of sea buckthorn plantations on the slope and the characteristics of their vegetation.

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Changes of Streamflow Caused by Early Start of Growing Season in Nevada, United States

Water ◽

10.3390/w13081067 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 1067

Author(s):

Hong Fang ◽

Jianting Zhu ◽

Muattar Saydi ◽

Xiaohua Chen

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Soil Moisture ◽

Growing Season ◽

The United States ◽

Insect Infestation ◽

Aquifer Recharge ◽

Soil Moisture Deficit ◽

Moisture Deficit ◽

Ecological Simulation ◽

The Relationship

The fluctuation of streamflow in snowmelt-dominated watersheds may be an indicator of climate change. However, the relationship between the start of growing season (SOS) and the streamflow in snowmelt-dominated watersheds is not clear. In this study, we update the Coupled Hydro-Ecological Simulation System (CHESS) model by incorporating the Growing Season Index (GSI) module to estimate the start of the growing season. The updated CHESS model is then used to calculate the streamflow in the Cleve Creek, Incline Creek and Twin River watersheds located in Nevada in the United States from 1981 to 2017. This updated CHESS can be applied in any regions that are suitable for deciduous vegetation. The streamflow in the static and dynamic scheme in the three watersheds have been simulated between 1981 and 2017 with the NS of 0.52 and 0.80 in the Cleve Creek, 0.46 and 0.75 in the Incline Creek, and 0.42 and 0.70 in the Twin River watersheds, respectively. The results illustrate that the SOS have come around 3–5 weeks earlier during the last 37 years. The results illustrate a high correlation between the temperature and the timing of the SOS. Early SOS leads to a substantial increase in total annual transpiration. An increase in annual transpiration can reduce aquifer recharge and increase cumulative growing season soil moisture deficit. Comparing to the streamflow without vegetation, the streamflow with vegetation is smaller due to transpiration. As the SOS comes earlier, the peaks of the streamflow with vegetation also come earlier. If the shifts in SOS continue, the effects on annual rates of transpiration can be significant, which may reduce the risk of flooding during snowmelt. On the other hand, earlier SOS may cause soil moisture to decline during summer, which would increase the drought stress in trees and the risk of wildfires and insect infestation.

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Experiments on irrigation of sugar beet

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600056938 ◽

1952 ◽

Vol 42 (3) ◽

pp. 286-292 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

H. L. Penman

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Sugar Beet ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Field Capacity ◽

Growing Season ◽

Maximum Growth ◽

Weather Data ◽

Soil Moisture Deficit ◽

Basic Principles ◽

Moisture Deficit

It is assumed that maximum growth requires maximum transpiration, and that maximum transpiration can be maintained by keeping the soil near to field capacity throughout the growing season. Transpiration rates can be calculated from weather data (the basic principles are outlined and an example of the calculation given), and the paper describes four field experiments in which attempts were made to control the water content of the soil throughout the growing season, by irrigation from overhead spray-lines.In spite of differences in season and soil, the four sets of data are consistent in showing that maximum sugar yield is obtained when the soil-moisture deficit (amount of rain or irrigation needed restore the soil to field capacity) does not exceed about 2 in. in mid-July, or about 4 in. in mid-September.

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