Experiments on irrigation of sugar beet

It is assumed that maximum growth requires maximum transpiration, and that maximum transpiration can be maintained by keeping the soil near to field capacity throughout the growing season. Transpiration rates can be calculated from weather data (the basic principles are outlined and an example of the calculation given), and the paper describes four field experiments in which attempts were made to control the water content of the soil throughout the growing season, by irrigation from overhead spray-lines.In spite of differences in season and soil, the four sets of data are consistent in showing that maximum sugar yield is obtained when the soil-moisture deficit (amount of rain or irrigation needed restore the soil to field capacity) does not exceed about 2 in. in mid-July, or about 4 in. in mid-September.

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Measurement of Soil Moisture Deficit by Neutron Moderation under Two Densities of Sugar Beet with and without Irrigation

Ecological Studies - Physical Aspects of Soil Water and Salts in Ecosystems ◽

10.1007/978-3-642-65523-4_31 ◽

1973 ◽

pp. 309-314

Author(s):

A. P. Draycott

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Sugar Beet ◽

Soil Moisture Deficit ◽

Neutron Moderation ◽

Moisture Deficit

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Threshold Responses to Soil Moisture Deficit by Trees and Soil in Tropical Rain Forests: Insights from Field Experiments

BioScience ◽

10.1093/biosci/biv107 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 65 (9) ◽

pp. 882-892 ◽

Cited By ~ 61

Author(s):

Patrick Meir ◽

Tana E. Wood ◽

David R. Galbraith ◽

Paulo M. Brando ◽

Antonio C. L. Da Costa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Tropical Rain Forests ◽

Rain Forests ◽

Soil Moisture Deficit ◽

Moisture Deficit

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EVALUATION OF THE GROWING CONDITIONS OF SEA-BUCKTHORN PLANTATIONS UNDER INUNDATIVE IRRIGATION

Vestnik Altajskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta ◽

10.53083/1996-4277-2021-203-30-36 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 30-36

Author(s):

S.V. Makarychev ◽

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Soil Layer ◽

Growing Season ◽

Sea Buckthorn ◽

Parent Rock ◽

Illuvial Horizon ◽

Soil Moisture Deficit ◽

Moisture Deficit ◽

Ture Content ◽

Humus Horizons

Sea-buckthorn grows well on slope lands that are high-ly drained and lack stagnant water. The optimum soil mois-ture content for sea-buckthorn corresponds to 70% of the lowest moisture capacity. Under continuous soil moisture deficit, the leaf surface area decreased, the fruits were poorly set as a result of ovary drop during the first half of the growing season, and berry size decreased. In this re-gard, the study of the water regime of the soil under sea-buckthorn plantations the possibility of its regulation re-mained quite topical. The available moisture in the humus horizons of chernozem in May 2004 corresponded to a satisfactory level. At the end of summer, the moisture con-tent of the chernozem decreased to unsatisfactory state. As a result, the plants experienced water deprivation throughout the growing season. Naturally, the need arose for irrigation, especially in June and August with irrigation rates of 490 and 280 t per m3, respectively. In the underly-ing horizons, the soil moisture deficit was weaker. In the humus horizons, the available moisture in the chernozem in the middle of the slope did not differ much from the mois-ture content at its top. At the same time, in the transitional BC layer in the second half of summer, the available mois-ture content was significantly higher. This difference was also found in the parent rock. In the lower part of theslope, the one-meter soil layer contained a greater amount of moisture which contributed to the decrease of its deficit during the entire growing season. This was especially no-ticeable in the illuvial horizon and parent rock. In the sec-ond half of summer,the available moisture content here remained higher than in the upper slope sites. In conclu-sion, it should be noted that only humus-accumulative hori-zons A (arable) + AB needed irrigation with different irriga-tion rates depending on the location of the sea-buckthorn plantations on the slope and their growth features.

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Potential soil moisture deficit: A useful approach to save water with enhanced growth and productivity of wheat crop

Journal of Water and Climate Change ◽

10.2166/wcc.2021.356 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Shahbaz Khan ◽

Atif Rasool ◽

Sohail Irshad ◽

Muhammad Bilal Hafeez ◽

Madad Ali ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Crop Production ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Wheat Yield ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Wheat Crop ◽

Soil Moisture Deficit ◽

Moisture Deficit ◽

The Impact

Abstract Wheat is the main crop in the world ranks after rice and the largest grain source of Pakistan. Among several reasons for diminishing wheat yield in Pakistan, water stress throughout the growing season decreases crop production because of the short life span. Two years (2015–16 and 2016–17) field experiments were conducted to assess the impact of various water regimes (full irrigation, irrigation at 45, 60, and 75 mm potential soil moisture deficit (PSMD)) on the growth and yield of wheat. Maximum crop growth rate was recorded by application of irrigation at 45 mm PSMD. Application of irrigation at 45 mm PSMD ensured maximum radiation use efficiency regarding total dry matter production and grain yield. The maximum number of productive tillers, spike length, and grain yield were recorded under 45 mm PSDM treatment. The present results show that the effect of water is more pronounced regarding the growth and productivity of wheat. Application of irrigation at 45 mm PSMD ensures higher economical yield.

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Nitrogen requirement of sugar beet in relation to irrigation

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600033177 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 87 (3) ◽

pp. 559-566 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

M. R. J. Holmes ◽

J. D. Whitear

Keyword(s):

Sugar Beet ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Published Data ◽

Nitrogen Rate ◽

Soil Moisture Deficit ◽

Nitrogen Response ◽

Moisture Deficit ◽

Loam Soil ◽

Nitrogen Rates

SummaryThree field experiments were carried out on sandy loam soil at Levington, Suffolk, on the effect of irrigation on nitrogen requirements of sugar beet. Four nitrogen rates (0, 67, 134, 201 kg/ha) were examined with and without irrigation. Nitrogen increased sugar yield each year, as did irrigation in 1969 and 1970, but not in 1968 when the soil moisture deficit was small. There was a significant nitrogen x irrigation interaction in 1970 only, but on average there was a greater response to nitrogen with irrigation than without it.These results and other published data suggest that on sandy soils in eastern England moisture deficit can restrict nitrogen response, and that the economic optimum nitrogen rate is appreciably higher with irrigation than without it.

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Changes of Streamflow Caused by Early Start of Growing Season in Nevada, United States

Water ◽

10.3390/w13081067 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 1067

Author(s):

Hong Fang ◽

Jianting Zhu ◽

Muattar Saydi ◽

Xiaohua Chen

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Soil Moisture ◽

Growing Season ◽

The United States ◽

Insect Infestation ◽

Aquifer Recharge ◽

Soil Moisture Deficit ◽

Moisture Deficit ◽

Ecological Simulation ◽

The Relationship

The fluctuation of streamflow in snowmelt-dominated watersheds may be an indicator of climate change. However, the relationship between the start of growing season (SOS) and the streamflow in snowmelt-dominated watersheds is not clear. In this study, we update the Coupled Hydro-Ecological Simulation System (CHESS) model by incorporating the Growing Season Index (GSI) module to estimate the start of the growing season. The updated CHESS model is then used to calculate the streamflow in the Cleve Creek, Incline Creek and Twin River watersheds located in Nevada in the United States from 1981 to 2017. This updated CHESS can be applied in any regions that are suitable for deciduous vegetation. The streamflow in the static and dynamic scheme in the three watersheds have been simulated between 1981 and 2017 with the NS of 0.52 and 0.80 in the Cleve Creek, 0.46 and 0.75 in the Incline Creek, and 0.42 and 0.70 in the Twin River watersheds, respectively. The results illustrate that the SOS have come around 3–5 weeks earlier during the last 37 years. The results illustrate a high correlation between the temperature and the timing of the SOS. Early SOS leads to a substantial increase in total annual transpiration. An increase in annual transpiration can reduce aquifer recharge and increase cumulative growing season soil moisture deficit. Comparing to the streamflow without vegetation, the streamflow with vegetation is smaller due to transpiration. As the SOS comes earlier, the peaks of the streamflow with vegetation also come earlier. If the shifts in SOS continue, the effects on annual rates of transpiration can be significant, which may reduce the risk of flooding during snowmelt. On the other hand, earlier SOS may cause soil moisture to decline during summer, which would increase the drought stress in trees and the risk of wildfires and insect infestation.

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Effects of nitrogen fertilizer, plant population and irrigation on sugar beet: III. Water consumption

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600025648 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 76 (2) ◽

pp. 277-282 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

A. P. Draycott ◽

M. J. Durrant

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Sugar Beet ◽

Water Consumption ◽

Large Population ◽

Small Population ◽

Plant Population ◽

Soil Moisture Deficit ◽

Plant Populations ◽

Moisture Deficit ◽

The Difference

SUMMARYA neutron moderation meter was used to measure soil moisture 0–4 feet deep in plots of sugar beet carrying two plant populations (8800 and 54000 plants/acre), each with and without irrigation. Recordings began in April or May in each of three years (1967–9) after sowing the crop and continued at 1 or 2-;week intervals until harvest in October.The measured soil moisture deficits were very similar to potential deficits calculated from meteorological measurements. This indicates that the crop could extract the water needed for transpiration from the soil even when the deficits were quite large (more than 5 in in 1967), which probably explains the small response to irrigation by sugar beet in England.When the soil moisture deficit increased rapidly early during the season (1967), the crop extracted water from the soil by exhausting the available water from progressively deeper horizons, whereas when the deficit increased rapidly late during the season (1969) water was still being extracted from all horizons until harvest. Both decreasing the plant population and irrigating decreased the amount of water used from depth in the profile every year.The total amount of water used (evaporation plus transpiration), on average, from soil reserves and rainfall, was 12·2 in by the small population and 13·4 in by the large population. When irrigated, the consumption increased to 14·2 and 15·4 in. respectively. The difference in usage between populations was almost entirely from the difference in leaf cover early during the season. The water consumption in 1968, when the summer was wet, was only two-thirds of that in 1967 and 1969 when the summers were drier.

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