scholarly journals FACTORS DETERMINING THE DEGREE OF NEUROLOGICAL DEFICIENCY IN COMPRESSION AND NON-COMPRESSION LESIONS IN DOGS WITH CARDIOLOGIC PATHOLOGIES

2021 ◽  
pp. 70-76
Author(s):  
N.A. Kozlov ◽  
◽  
F.A. Gryadunova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Spinal Column ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Sequential Algorithm ◽  
Large Cities

The number of neurological patients in veterinary prac-tice is constantly growing. This is due to increasing number of injuries in animals (fractures, spondylolisthesis), mani-festations of such pathologies as osteochondrosis, tumors of the spinal cord and spinal column (the life expectancy of pets in large cities increases due to, among other things, the use of ready-made diets in their feeding), and also by close inbreeding which increases the proportion of genetic anomalies of the spinal column. Concomitant cardiac dis-eases in neurologically impaired dogs are common in an-esthetic practice of surgical treatment of spinal cord com-pression. Neurological pathology is referred to as urgent, i.e. associated with the need for early diagnosis and treat-ment. In veterinary medicine, as opposed to humane medi-cine, it is often not possible to determine the level / locali-zation of the lesion on the basis of neurological symptoms and syndromes. Accurate and correct diagnosis using a sequential algorithm for examining a cardiologic animal with neurological disorders, using additional diagnostic methods such as myelography, MRI, morphological exami-nation, etc. allow conducting successful surgical treatment and avoiding complications from the cardiovascular system after anesthesia. In the immediate postoperative period, the adaptive mechanisms in the animal body may be insuf-ficient and take on a decompensation character which may cause complications from the cardiovascular system and the death of the patient. The research goal was to statisti-cally analyze the causes of neurological disorders in dogs with concomitant heart diseases, identify the most frequent neurological disorders, and determine the breed and age predisposition of dogs to these diseases under planned anesthesia.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF TIMING OF SURGICAL TREATMENT OF CHILDREN WITH SPINAL CORD INJURY ON THE DYNAMICS OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS

2015 ◽  
pp. 17-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey Vissarionov ◽  
◽  
Sergey Belyanchikov ◽  
Irina Solokhina ◽  
Dmitry Kokushin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Cord Injury

Tethered Cord Syndrome in Children – Report of Two Cases

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-139
Author(s):  
Filip Duma ◽  
Sonja Bojadzieva ◽  
Aspazija Sofijanova ◽  
Ana Stamatova ◽  
Angelcho Andonovski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Column ◽  
Tethered Cord ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Tethered Spinal Cord ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Early Diagnostics ◽  
Clinical Indicators ◽  
Age Dependent

Abstract Tethered spinal cord syndrome is a neurological disorder caused by tissue attachments that limit the movement of the spinal cord within the spinal column. Attachments may occur congenitally at the base of the spinal cord (medullary cone) or they may develop near the site of an injury to the spinal cord. These attachments cause an abnormal stretching of the spinal cord. The course of the disorder is progressive. We present two patients that were diagnosed at age of three months and three years, respectively. Final diagnosis was made by magnetic resonance imaging, and both patients were referred to University Clinic of Neurosurgery for further treatment. Our aim is to illustrate the advantages of the early diagnostics of this progressive condition, to present diagnostic methods that are age-dependent and to illustrate the early clinical indicators for its existence.

THE SYNDROME OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS AS A PREDICTOR OF EARLY DIAGNOSIS AND A CRITERION FOR THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SURGICAL TREATMENT OF NONSPECIFIC PURULENT DISEASES OF THE SPINE

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-186
Author(s):  
M.Yu. Goncharov ◽  
◽  
D.D. Masyutina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Postoperative Period ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Primary Care Physicians ◽  
High Risk Patient ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Neurosurgical Department

Nonspecific purulent diseases of the spine (NPDS) are a relatively rare pathology that is little known to a wide circle of doctors, as a result of which mistakes are often made in the tactics of patient management, the timing of diagnosis and the appointment of adequate therapy is delayed. Long-term «diagnostic trap» leads to the formation of persistent neurological deficits. Goal. The purpose is to study the structure of neurological manifestations in the diagnosis NPDS and the dynamics in assessing the quality of surgical treatment. Materials and methods. The article presents an analysis of a group of patients receiving treatment for NPDS in the neurosurgical department of State budgetary health institution in the Sverdlovsk region '‘Sverdlovsk Regional Clinical Hospital No. 1’' in Yekaterinburg for the period from 2005 to 2018 with an assessment of the dynamics of neurological disorders and vertebral pain syndrome in the early postoperative period. A significantly better result in assessing regression of neurological disorders and a decrease in the severity of pain in the postoperative period was observed in the group of patients who underwent decompression-sanitizing-stabilizing surgeries (DSS) in comparison with decompression-sanitizing (DS). Conclusions. The understanding by primary care physicians, neurologists, neurosurgeons of high-risk patient groups, the dynamics of clinical manifestations, and effective diagnostic methods contributes to the choice of the correct management tactics and timely surgical treatment, which significantly improves outcomes, reduces disability rates, and improves the quality of life of patients.

scholarly journals Analysis of the influence of various factors on the course of neurological disorders in children with spinal cord injury

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 12-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexei Georgievich Baindurashvili ◽  
Irina Yurievna Solokhina ◽  
Dmitriy Nikolaevich Kokushin ◽  
Sergei Mikhailovich Belyanchikov
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Thoracic Spine ◽  
Neurological Deficit ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Spinal Canal ◽  
Spinal Cord Injuries ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Cord Injury

Background. The study of the influence of various factors on the course of recovery of neurological disorders in children with spinal cord injuries is an important and relevant problem. The main causes of thoracic and lumbar injuries of the spine in children are road accidents and catatraumas. Anatomical and physiological features of the spine and spinal cord in children have a significant influence on the nature of spinal cord injury, clinical manifestations of the injury, and method of treatment. The degree of spinal canal deformity at the level of the damaged segment is directly proportional to the severity of the neurological disorder. The time between injury to when surgery is performed will strongly influence the nature and course of recovery of motor functions. Aim. To assess the influence of different factors in pediatric patients with complicated injuries of the spine at the thoracic and thoracolumbar levels on the recovery of neurological disorders. Materials and methods. The analysis of results of the surgical treatment of 36 children (24 boys and 12 girls) aged 3-17 years with damage to the spine and spinal cord in the thoracic spine and thoracolumbar junction, accompanied with neurological deficit in the form of central or peripheral paresis and paralysis, was performed. All patients underwent surgical intervention depending on the type and extent of damage. Clinical methods (i.e., detailed neurological examination) as well as X-ray, CT, and MRI were used as diagnostic methods. Results. The study revealed that the most severe damage concerning neurological disorders in children with spinal cord injury occurs in the thoracic spine. The extent of neurological changes depends not only on the level of damage to the spinal column but also on the magnitude of spinal canal stenosis. Surgery performed in the first hours of the injury leads to a more rapid and full recovery of the neurological deficit. Conclusion. Therefore, this study found that several factors influence the recovery of neurological disorders in children with spinal cord injury: timing of surgery, localization of the injury, spinal stenosis, the nature of lesions of the spinal cord, and the elements involved.

scholarly journals SURGICAL TREATMENT OF CONSTRICTIVE MYELOPATHY IN DOGS

2021 ◽  
Vol 246 (2) ◽  
pp. 276-282
Author(s):  
I.R. Yunsi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Spinal Column ◽  
Neurological Status ◽  
Chronic Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Thoracolumbar Region

Article describes the examination and treatment of dogs with a constrictive myelopathy (CM). CM is a degenerative pathology of the spinal cord associated with instability of the spinal column in the thoracolumbar region due to dysplasia of the caudal articular processes (aplasia or hypoplasia), which leads to microtraumas of the spinal cord and requires surgical treatment. Орerative technique was used to stabilize the spinal column by installing a system of multiaxial screws in the vertebrae with dysplasia of the caudal articular processes for the treatment of CM. Positive dynamics of neurological status was observed in 8 of 13 operated animals, in 3 patients the progression of clinical signs significantly slowed down, the neurological status of two dogs did not change after operation. The described method of stabilization of the spinal column prevents abnormal mobility of the spinal column in the area of dysplasia of the articular processes of the vertebrae. Our observations confirm that one of the causes of pia-arachnoid fibrosis is chronic spinal cord injury due to instability of the spinal column.

scholarly journals Epidemiology and characteristics of complicated injuries in patients with spinal fractures as a result of catatrauma

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
E. Yu. Kazakova ◽  
A. A. Grin
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Spinal Cord Injuries ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Spinal Injury ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Spine Injury ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Study Objective

The study objectiveis to identify the features of diagnosis of patients with spinal cord injuries, resulting from falls from a height.Materials and methods.The data from 148 patients who were treated at the N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine in the period from 01.01.2011 to 04.01.2016 were analyzed. Of these, 98 patients (the studied group) were injured in the spinal column as a result of a fall from a height of more than 2 m, 50 people (the comparison group) suffered in traffic accidents. We used clinical data, laboratory and radiological diagnostic methods. The severity of injuries in spinal injury was assessed according to the Injury Severity Score. When assessing the neurological status in spinal patients, the ASIA (American Spine Injury Assosiation) scale was used.Results.Significant differences in age (p = 0.57) and sex (p = 0.24) in the groups were not observed. More often at night: in the period from 00:00 to 6:00 in the morning – 44 (44.9 %) patients. There were significantly more patients with combined spinal injury in the studied group – 60 (61.2 %) than in the comparison group – 24 (48 %) (p <0.05). The assessment of the severity of the patients showed that the proportion of victims with severe neurological disorders (ASIA A) in the studied group was 30.6 % (30 victims), while in the comparison group the number of such patients was significantly lower – 3 (6.0 %) patients (p <0.05). The average score on the Injury Severity scale in the studied group was 25.7 ± 5.5, in the comparison group – 26.3 ± 6.1. There were no significant intergroup differences in this indicator.Conclusion.Spinal cord injuries in catatrauma in 61.2 % of patients were accompanied by combined injuries of the internal organs and the musculoskeletal system. In 25.5 % of patients with catatrauma craniocerebral lesions were detected. On the ASIA scale, the proportion of victims with the most pronounced neurological disorders (ASIA A) was 30.6 %, and in the event of an accident – 6.0 %; to ASIA E – 36.8 % (in case of an accident – 64.0 %).

scholarly journals TREATMENT OF THORACIC AND LUMBAR SPINE AND SPINAL CORD INJURY IN CHILDREN

2006 ◽  
pp. 013-019
Author(s):  
Eduard Vladimirovich Ulrikh ◽  
Sergey Valentinivich Vissarionov ◽  
Aleksandr Yuryevich Mushkin
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Neurological Deficit ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Seat Belt ◽  
Fracture Dislocation ◽  
Burst Fractures ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Fracture Dislocations

Objective. To assess results of surgical treatment and to develop an optimal management regiment of patients with spine and spinal cord injury. Material and methods. Twenty patients, age 9 to 17 years, with complicated unstable spinal injuries were operated on. Out of them 13patients had severe Frankel grades A, B, C neurological disorders, 7 patients – grades D and Er. Seventeen patients had burst fractures, one – seat-belt injury, and two – fracture-dislocations. Surgery was performed in the first hours following the trauma in 9 patients, within two weeks – in 9, and after 15 days – in two. Burst fractures with grades A, B, C were treated by simultaneous posterior reposition and fixation of the injured segment, and anterior decompression and fusion. Grade D and Er was treated initially by indirect posterior reduction and fixation of the involved segment. If neurological disorders still remained decompression and body fusion were performed. Posterior-lateral decompression and instrumental fixation were performed in cases of seat-belt injuries. Fracture-dislocation was treated by decompression laminoplasty, spinal canal revision, followed by posterior reposition and fixation. Results. Two patients with burst fractures and grade A neurological disorders have shown a regression to the grade D. Dynamics of neurological restoration to grades B and C was observed in 4patients. The patient with grade B has not shown any regression. A positive dynamics with motor function improvement was observed in 4 patients with grade C. Seven patients (6 with burst fractures, 1 with seat-belt trauma) with grade D and Er were operated on within first hours and day after the trauma. First stage of surgical treatment provided elimination of neurological deficit in 5 cases. Two patients with grade D required the second stage. Regression of neurological deficit was not achieved in patients with fracture-dislocations. Conclusion. Surgical treatment of patients with complicated spine and spinal cord injury should be performed within first 6–8 hours after the trauma.

scholarly journals SURGICAL TREATMENT OF KYPHOSCOLIOSIS COMPLICATED BY NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS USING SPINAL CORD TRANSPOSITION

2012 ◽  
pp. 37-40
Author(s):  
Vyacheslav Novikov ◽  
◽  
Aleksandr Vasyura ◽  
Maya Lebedeva ◽  
Mikhail Mikhailovsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Neurological Disorders

scholarly journals BIRTH DEFECTS OF HUMAN SPINAL COLUMN

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 126-132
Author(s):  
M. G. Besplitnik
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Congenital Malformation ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Spinal Column ◽  
Thoracic Vertebrae ◽  
Caudal Regression Syndrome ◽  
Congenital Kyphosis ◽  
Urological Complications ◽  
Caudal Regression

Various anomalies of spinal column development have common clinical manifestations. However, each defect has certain features that affect the nature of the deformity, the rate of its progression, the function of the spinal cord and the possibility of developing neurological disorders. An increase in deformation in the anomaly zone can lead to segmental instability at this level, which further cause disturbance of the biomechanics of the spine in general. The cervical section is the most mobile section of the spine, which is provided by the structure of the Atlantic-axial complex and functional mobility of the subaxial section. The detected anomaly should be evaluated in terms of the likelihood of developing instability. Mechanical instability is manifested by the displacement of vertebrae beyond the physiological range of movements. Neurological instability is mostly manifested in the subaxial section of the spine, as the reserve space of the spinal canal is extremely small. Congenital abnormalities of the thoracic spine that lead to deformity are the most common defects against the ground of impaired formation of vertebral bodies. Children with congenital kyphosis are motionless, and dyspnea occurs while walking fast or jogging. Surgical treatment of kyphotic deformities of the thoracic and lumbar spine is one of the most difficult problems in modern orthopedics, the relevance of which is stipulated by a relatively high frequency of unsatisfactory results of treatment. Lumbarisation is a congenital malformation of the spine, accompanied by the formation of an additional lumbar vertebra, which is formed from the superior sacral vertebra that has not fused into a single bone with the other sacral vertebrae. The frequency of occurrence is unknown, because lumbarisation in some cases is asymptomatic and undiagnosed. Depending on the nature of anatomical changes and the peculiarities of the influence on the dynamic and static functions of the spine, unilateral and bilateral lumbarisation are distinguished. Both unilateral and bilateral forms can be bone, cartilage and joint. The development of pain is characteristic only of the joint form of lumbarisation. Caudal regression syndrome is a rare severe congenital malformation of the distal spine and spinal cord. Clinically the disease is accompanied by hypoplasia of the lower half of the trunk and extremities due to a gross defect in the development of the caudal spine and spinal cord. Depending on the level and severity of the lesion of the latter there is a different stage of neurological deficit. In most observations, caudal regression syndrome is combined with defects in other organs and systems. Depending on the level of damage to the spine, coccyx, sacral, lumbar and even lower thoracic vertebrae may be absent, which determines the variant of the defect. An extremely severe form of caudal regression is called sirenomelia, or "mermaid syndrome". A sign of this anomaly is the fusion of the lower extremities. The fusion can be osseous or within soft tissue. In most cases with sirenomelia renal agenesis is observed, the colon ends blindly, the external and internal genitalia are absent, a single umbilical artery and anus atresia are detected. The quality of life prognosis for patients with caudal regression syndrome depends on the severity of spinal and spinal cord defects, the severity of neurological disorders, and urological complications. Children need constant medical rehabilitation.

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