從傳統到現代、從劇本到舞台：美國莎士比亞中心與莎劇演出

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 001-018
Author(s):  
儲湘君 儲湘君
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Cross Dressing ◽  
Original Practices ◽  
Opening Up

<p>本文介紹美國莎士比亞中心的黑僧院劇院以及其劇團之演出，試圖以莎士比亞中心為主要實例檢視莎劇從傳統到現代、從劇本到舞台的轉變。莎士比亞中心致力於保留莎劇的「原始劇場手法」，諸如演出期間燈火通明、設置舞台兩側的仕紳座椅、一人分飾兩角或多角、性別易裝、演出長度、空蕩舞台等，透過保留這些莎劇的原始劇場手法，美國莎士比亞中心也積極探索創新的表演方式，讓莎劇的原始劇場手法翻轉出各種新意。本文以該中心2014年的《錯誤的喜劇》為例，討論該劇之表演所開展出的創意表演能量以及觀眾的多元功能。</p> <p>&nbsp;</p><p>An interest to return to the early modern dramatic practices began at the end of the 20th century. This paper introduces American Shakespeare Center (ASC) and their Blackfriars Playhouse in order to delve into the innovative possibilities the so-called &ldquo;original practices&rdquo; may offer. ASC attempts to preserve the &ldquo;original practices&rdquo; in their performance, including universal lighting, uses of gallant&rsquo;s stool, doubling, cross-dressing, bare stage, and so on. This study explores the significance of the early modern traditions, and focuses on ASC&rsquo;s 2014 production of Comedy of Errors as an example for opening up more performance creativities and audience interactions through these attempts.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p>

La Storia dell’Età Moderna nelle „Quellen und Forschungen aus italienischen Archiven und Biblioteken“: lo specchio di un secolo di ricerche

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-46
Author(s):  
Irene Fosi
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Social Composition ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Papal Court

AbstractThe article examines the topics relating to the early modern period covered by the journal „Quellen und Forschungen aus italienischen Archiven und Bibliotheken“ in the hundred volumes since its first publication. Thanks to the index (1898–1995), published in 1997 and the availability online on the website perpectivia.net (since 1958), it is possible to identify constants and changes in historiographical interests. Initially, the focus was on the publication of sources in the Vatican Secret Archive (now the Vatican Apostolic Archive) relating to the history of Germany. The topics covered later gradually broadened to include the history of the Papacy, the social composition of the Curia and the Papal court and Papal diplomacy with a specific focus on nunciatures, among others. Within a lively historiographical context, connected to historical events in Germany in the 20th century, attention to themes and sources relating to the Middle Ages continues to predominate with respect to topics connected to the early modern period.

Heaven and Heavenly Piety in Colonial American Elegies

2009 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 258-267
Author(s):  
Adrian Chastain Weimer
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
The Other ◽  
First Person ◽  
Interesting Part ◽  
Opening Up

When the Massachusetts schoolteacher Benjamin Tompson pictured his unmarried sister Elizabeth in heaven, he saw her in a palace-like ‘nunnerye’ where ‘Chast virgins have faire entertainment free’. Elizabeth and the other virgins in heaven ‘Enjoy their purest love in sacred mirth’ as ‘Great Jesus daily steps of his bright throne/And gives them hart embraces every one.’ Colonial Puritan elegies such as this one challenge our inherited scholarly categories, which contrast a spiritualized Christian heaven with a corporeal Muslim one and set ‘a distant, majestic [Protestant] God’ in opposition to the intimate afterlife of medieval Catholic mystics. The most interesting part about Elizabeth Tompson’s elegy, however, is that she narrates it herself. Benjamin imagined her speaking to him from the bosom of Christ, saying ‘I Dare not tell what hear in heart i find’, and then going on to describe her experience of the afterlife in the first person. Christ leads her to the top of a ‘mount of pleasure’ where, she says, ‘i [have] all [the] flowers of paradice to Crop.’ A Protestant saint embracing a physical Jesus, picking flowers to her heart’s content, and telling her brother about it – these are all images which challenge our notions of early modern views of heaven and demonstrate the fruitfulness of elegies, or funeral poems, for opening up the imaginative worlds of early modern belief.

scholarly journals Joseph Hall’s Mundus Alter et Idem and Cross-Dressing in Early Modern England

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Csaba Maczelka
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Early Modern England ◽  
Rhetorical Strategies ◽  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
Contemporary Debate ◽  
Early Modern English ◽  
Four Books ◽  
Cross Dressing

Abstract This paper argues that early modern English utopias in general, and Joseph Hall’s Mundus alter et idem (1605/1606) in particular, engage in the contemporary debate on cross-dressing. After a look at the problem of early modern cross-dressing, the paper introduces Hall’s work, together with some of the opinions about it. Out of the four books of the work, only the second part (the description of Viraginia/Shee-landt) is discussed here in detail, since it abounds in instances of cross-dressing and related phenomena (for example, sexual licence and hermaphroditism). In my reading, Hall’s work readily joins the ongoing debate, but because of its masterful rhetorical strategies and its satirical perspective, the text poses a great challenge if one tries to accurately identify its position in that debate. Yet the text and some of Hall’s other works testify to a serious interest in cross-dressing and other gender-related issues.

scholarly journals Gender Trouble and Cross-Dressing in Early Modern England

1996 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 438-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Cressy
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Real Life ◽  
English Revolution ◽  
Renaissance England ◽  
Cross Dressing ◽  
Dramatic Practice ◽  
Gender Trouble ◽  
Boy Actors ◽  
Materialist Feminist ◽  
Gender System

A celebrated article in Shakespeare Quarterly opens with the question, “how many people cross-dressed in Renaissance England?” Jean Howard, who posed this intriguing question, suggests that disruption of the semiotics of dress, gender, and identity during the late Elizabethan and Jacobean periods points to “a sex-gender system under pressure” and a patriarchal culture disturbed by profound anxieties and contradictions. Even if the answer to her question turns out to be “very few,” the discourse surrounding the practice reveals an area of critical and problematic unease. Female transvestism on the streets of London, male transvestism on the stage, and vituperative attacks on cross-dressing by Protestant reformers are among the symptoms that indicate that “the subversive or transgressive potential of this practice could be and was recuperated in a number of ways.” Dressing boy actors for female roles, for example, was not simply “an unremarkable convention within Renaissance dramatic practice,” as some scholars have suggested, but rather a scandalous “source of homoerotic attraction” arousing “deep-seated fears” of an “unstable and monstrous” and feminized self. Whether in real life or in literature, by this account, cross-dressing involved struggle, resistance, and subversion, as well as modification, recuperation, and containment of the system of gendered patriarchal domination. Renaissance cross-dressing involved ideological work of a complex kind that ultimately, in Howard's materialist feminist analysis, “participated in the historical process eventuating in the English Revolution.” This is a claim that may make English historians gasp, but it is one that they cannot ignore.

scholarly journals Fictional Utopias, Dystopias, and the Problem of Evil

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Christophe Merle
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Social Contract ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Modern Time ◽  
Political Debates ◽  
The Social ◽  
Early Modern Time ◽  
The Problem Of Evil ◽  
Major Reference

Fictional utopias of the early modern time, as an alternative and an opposite to classical social contract theories, and fictional dystopias of the 20th century, as the opposite of the democratic and liberal rule of law, remain a major reference or for our contemporary political debates when it comes to characterize warn against considerable dangers entailed in political options, regimes, opinions etc. Today, classical utopias are mostly overwhelmingly considered in a negative way, although there were initially designed to be a more comprehensive solution for the problem of political evil than the social contract theories. From the beginning, dystopias were designed as the greatest political evil ever. Yet, both are not only fictional, but also radically impossible to ever b realized, for reasons that have not been really analyzed yet. In the following, I enquire into these reasons.

scholarly journals Aristotle and Aristoxenus on Effort

Conatus ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
John Robert Bagby
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Generative Process ◽  
The Third ◽  
European Philosophy ◽  
Internal Experience ◽  
Early Modern Metaphysics

The discussions of conatus – force, tendency, effort, and striving – in early modern metaphysics have roots in Aristotle’s understanding of life as an internal experience of living force. This paper examines the ways that Spinoza’s conatus is consonant with Aristotle on effort. By tracking effort from his psychology and ethics to aesthetics, I show there is a conatus at the heart of the activity of the ψυχή that involves an intensification of power in a way which anticipates many of the central insights of early modern and 20th century European philosophy. The first section outlines how Aristotle’s developmental conception of the soul as geometrically ordered lays the foundation for his understanding of effort. The developmental series of powers of the soul are analogous to the series of shapes in mathematics. The second section links the striving of the soul to the gradual acquisition of virtues as a directed activity unifying multiplicity. The third examines the paradigm of self-awareness that Aristotelian effort involves. In the final section I show how ancient Greek theories of music were founded on the experience of striving. The “nature” of music is defined by Aristoxenus, and Theophrastus, in relation to the passion and intentionality of the soul. The geometrical order, as a synthesis of elements in geometry, music, or ethics, is a generative process in which past elements are retained and reintegrated in later stages of development. It requires effort to think geometrically, and the progress of knowledge itself is an integral aspect of all effort. Effort is the lived and self-aware cause which, moving step by step in an orderly and deliberate way, grows and advances upon itself. For both Spinoza and Aristotle, effort is the immanent intelligence which accomplishes what is in the purview of its understanding. Thus, will, in this conception of effort, is not something we already possess innately, but emerges gradually by an effort aimed at improvement.

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