Tibial Plateau Symmetry and the Effect of Osteophytosis on Tibial Plateau Angle Measurements

2007 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew John Ritter ◽  
Ruby L. Perry ◽  
N. Bari Olivier ◽  
Sun Young Kim ◽  
Loic M. Dejardin
Keyword(s):  
Tibial Plateau ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Medial Tibial Plateau ◽  
Cranial Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Novel Technique ◽  
Angle Measurements ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Improve Accuracy ◽  
The Face

A novel technique was developed to estimate the caudal medial tibial plateau landmark in the face of osteophytosis to improve accuracy in tibial plateau angle measurements. Using this technique, tibial plateau angles were evaluated in 31 normal dogs before and 8 months after right cranial cruciate ligament transection. There was no significant difference in mean tibial plateau angle before or after induction of osteophytosis. Additionally, it was determined that 90% of dogs had a difference of =2° between right and left tibial plateau angles, which was considered symmetrical.

Lateral and medial tibial plateau angles in normal dogs

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (02) ◽  
pp. 135-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. Ocal ◽  
S. S. Sabanci
Keyword(s):  
Tibial Plateau ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Axial Rotation ◽  
T Test ◽  
Medial Tibial Plateau ◽  
Lateral Tibial Plateau ◽  
Cranial Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

SummaryTo measure lateral and medial tibial plateau angle values in isolated canine tibiae and to compare lateral and medial tibial plateau angle values between dogs based on sex and breed.Tibiae of 90 dogs from 24 different breeds were used. Photographs were taken of the medial and lateral aspects of the tibiae for measurement of the medial and lateral tibial plateau angles. Additionally, the medial tibial plateau angle was measured from radiographs of the tibiae. Two-way analysis of variance was used to test the effects of side, sex and breed on the medial and lateral tibial plateau angles as measured from photographs as well as the medial tibial plateal angles as measured from radiographs. The photographic and radiographic medial tibial plateau angles were compared by paired t-test, whereas the medial and lateral photographic tibial plateau angles were compared by t-test.When all dogs were included in the analysis, the difference between the mean medial tibial plateau angle (24.0 ± 3.19°) and the mean lateral tibial plateau angle (25.5 ± 3.84°) as measured from photographs was significant (p <0.05). The difference in the photographic medial tibial plateau angle between male and female dogs was significant (p <0.05), whereas the difference in the photographic lateral tibial plateau angle between sexes was not significant. There was a significant difference between the medial and lateral tibial plateau angles as measured from photographs in male dogs (p <0.05) but not in female dogs. Breed comparisons also showed significant differences for the photographic lateral tibial plateau angle (p <0.05).The axial rotation of the femoral condyles on the tibial plateau is probably affected by the discrepancy between the medial and lateral tibial plateau angles, and this difference in certain breeds might influence the prevalence of cranial cruciate ligament disease.

Outcome after Tibial Plateau Levelling Osteotomy and Modified Maquet Procedure in Dogs with Cranial Cruciate Ligament Rupture

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (03) ◽  
pp. 189-197
Author(s):  
Julia Knebel ◽  
Daniela Eberle ◽  
Stephanie Steigmeier-Raith ◽  
Sven Reese ◽  
Andrea Meyer-Lindenberg
Keyword(s):  
Tibial Plateau ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Radiographic Evaluation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cranial Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Surgical Methods ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Reaction Forces ◽  
Cranial Cruciate Ligament Rupture

Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to compare outcomes after tibial plateau levelling osteotomy (TPLO) and modified Maquet procedure (MMP) for the treatment of cranial cruciate ligament rupture (CCLR) in dogs using clinical and radiographic evaluation and treadmill-based force plate gait analysis. Study Design This study was a prospective, randomized, controlled study. Materials and Methods Sixty-one dogs (76 joints) with CCLR were treated with TPLO (n = 30 dogs, 41 joints) or MMP (n = 31 dogs, 35 joints) and compared with a control group of 16 healthy Labrador Retrievers. Outcomes after surgery were compared by clinical orthopaedic assessment, radiographic evaluation and force plate gait analysis performed preoperatively, and then at 6 weeks, 3 and 6 months postoperatively. For objective comparison of ground reaction forces, the data were compared with the control group. Major complications were reported. Results A significant improvement in ground reaction forces was reached in all surgically treated dogs. No significant difference was found between the surgical methods at any postoperative re-examination. With regard to peak vertical force (PVF), there were significantly more patients with TPLO within the reference range of healthy dogs at the 3 months re-examination than dogs with MMP. There was no significant difference in mean value comparisons between TPLO and control groups 6 months postoperatively. Compared with the control group, mean values of 93.9% (PVF) and 85.9% (vertical impulse [VI]) were reached by the TPLO group and 89.4% (PVF) and 79.9% (VI) by the MMP group, 6 months postoperatively.No significant differences were found regarding major complications or progression of osteoarthritis. Conclusions Although no significant differences were found between the surgical methods, TPLO patients showed superiority with regard to clinical outcome.

scholarly journals Radiographic assessment of the proximal tibial angles in dogs and cats with and without cranial cruciate ligament rupture

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1190-1195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Flávia D.P. Arruda ◽  
Leonardo A.L. Muzzi ◽  
Antonio C.C. Lacreta Junior ◽  
Ruthnéa A.L. Muzzi ◽  
Gabriela R. Sampaio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tibial Plateau ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Patellar Ligament ◽  
Common Tangent ◽  
Cranial Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Stifle Joint ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tangent Method ◽  
Healthy Dogs

ABSTRACT: The influence of the proximal tibial angles in the cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) rupture in dogs is still controversial, and little is known regarding this topic in cats. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the angles of the proximal portion of the tibia in dogs and cats with and without CCL rupture. Retrospective and prospective radiographs of the stifle joints were obtained and divided into four groups. Group 1 was composed of 70 stifle joint images of dogs without orthopedic disorders (healthy dogs), group 2 had 70 stifle joint images of dogs with CCL rupture, group 3 had 50 stifle joint images of cats without orthopedic disorders (healthy cats) and group 4 had 25 stifle joint images of cats with CCL rupture. Radiographs were taken with the stifle joint in the mediolateral projection, positioned at the angle of hind limb support. Between the two groups of dogs evaluated, the dogs with CCL rupture had statistically greater tibial plateau angle (TPA) compared with healthy dogs. No difference was shown in relation to the TPA between healthy cats and cats with CCL rupture. In relation to the patellar ligament angle by tibial plateau method the values for the healthy dogs were significantly higher than those for the CCL ruptured dogs. Similarly, healthy cats had significantly higher mean values than cats with CCL rupture. In the patellar ligament angle by common tangent method there was no significantly difference between the two groups of dogs. Between the two groups of cats, animals with CCL rupture had statistically higher mean values than healthy cats. In general, the groups of dogs showed higher mean values than the groups of cats. For the patellar ligament insertion angle (PLIA) healthy dogs showed a significantly higher mean than dogs with CCL rupture. There was no significant difference between the groups of cats. In conclusion, the TPA and the PLIA possibly influence the etiology of CCL rupture in dogs but not in cats. The low patellar ligament angle measured by common tangent method may favorably influence the reduced incidence of CCL rupture in cats.

A comparison of outcomes following tibial plateau levelling osteotomy and cranial tibial wedge osteotomy procedures

2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (04) ◽  
pp. 312-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Brown ◽  
S. A. Corr
Keyword(s):  
Tibial Plateau ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Wedge Osteotomy ◽  
Complication Rates ◽  
Cranial Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Ligament Rupture ◽  
Cruciate Ligament Rupture ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cranial Cruciate Ligament Rupture

SummaryThe objective of this study was to determine whether clinical outcomes were superior and complication rates were lower in dogs that had had a cranial cruciate ligament rupture treated by tibial plateau levelling osteotomy (TPLO), compared to those dogs that had been treated using the original cranial tibial wedge osteotomy (CTWO) procedure. Thirty-seven client-owned dogs with cranial cruciate ligament rupture were included in the study: 19 dogs underwent a TPLO procedure, and 18 dogs underwent a CTWO procedure. The study was retrospective, with the data being obtained from medical records and a review of radiographs. The long-term outcome was assessed by means of an owner questionnaire using a visual analogue scale. For the majority of factors that were reviewed, there was not a significant difference in outcome between the dogs that had a TPLO or those that had undergone a CTWO. All of the dogs showed a rapid return to weight bearing after surgery, and at the six week re-examination, the majority of the dogs did not have any pain on stifle palpation. They displayed a good stifle range of motion and significantly lower lameness scores than those prior to surgery. The complication rates did not differ between the procedures, however, within this small sample of dogs, complications following a CTWO were more likely to require revision surgery.

scholarly journals Comparison of the proximal tibial angles between Labrador Retrievers and other dog breeds with and without cranial cruciate ligament rupture

2015 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 1254-1262 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. D. P. Arruda ◽  
L. A. L. Muzzi ◽  
R. A. L. Muzzi ◽  
A. C. C. Lacreta Júnior ◽  
G. Oberlender ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tibial Plateau ◽  
Proximal Tibia ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Contact Point ◽  
Patellar Ligament ◽  
Cranial Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Insertion Angle ◽  
Stifle Joint ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Labrador Retrievers

ABSTRACTThe influence of the proximal tibia conformation in the rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) in dogs is still controversial, especially in Labrador Retrievers. The aim of this study was to compare the angles of the proximal tibia between Labrador Retrievers and other large breeds of dogs, both groups with and without CCL rupture. Radiographic images of 64 stifle joints were obtained and divided into four groups of 16 images. Group 1 consisted of Labrador dogs without orthopedic disorders, group 2 consisted of Labrador dogs with CCL rupture, group 3 consisted of dogs of various large breeds without orthopedic disorders, and group 4 consisted of dogs of various large breeds with CCL rupture. The radiographs were performed in mediolateral projection with the stifle joint positioned at an approximate angle of 135°. The tibial plateau angle showed an overall average of 22.17°±4.20°, and there was no statistically significant difference between the groups. The patellar ligament angle in relation to the tibial plateau had a mean of 103°±4.20°, and there was a significant difference between groups 1 and 4. The patellar ligament angle in relation to the common tangent at the tibiofemoral contact point showed an average of 99.06°±6.08°, and there was no difference between the groups. The patellar ligament insertion angle had an overall average of 51.45°±5.06°, and there was a significant difference between the two groups of normal dogs and two groups of ruptured dogs. In conclusion, the tibial plateau angle, the patellar ligament angles and the patellar ligament insertion angle do not seem to be predisposing factors for rupture of the CCL in Labrador Retriever dogs. In general, there seems to be no relationship between the angles of the proximal tibia and the CCL rupture in dogs.

scholarly journals Radiographic changes of the patellar ligament in dogs after tibial tuberosity advancement

2013 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-218
Author(s):  
Ladislav Stehlík ◽  
Pavel Proks ◽  
Petra Fedorová ◽  
Alois Nečas
Keyword(s):  
Tibial Plateau ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Tibial Tuberosity ◽  
Patellar Ligament ◽  
Radiographic Examination ◽  
Cranial Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Ligament Rupture ◽  
Cruciate Ligament Rupture ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cranial Cruciate Ligament Rupture

Patellar desmopathy in dogs after tibial plateau levelling osteotomy has been described in many studies. Tibial tuberosity advancement is a biomechanically different technique. It is assumed that the patellar ligament is loaded with little force similarly as after tibial plateau levelling osteotomy. Various aspects related to secondary patellar desmopathy are not completely understood. This study deals with computed radiography measurement of patellar ligament thickness after tibial tuberosity advancement in dogs with cranial cruciate ligament rupture. The thickness of the patellar ligament in exactly predetermined locations was measured from mediolateral radiographs of stifle joints. A total of 18 dogs (20 knee joints) with cranial cruciate ligament (ligamentum cruciatum craniale) rupture underwent three radiographic examinations of the knee (preoperative examination and control examination 7 and 15 weeks after the surgery). Significant difference was found between the thickness of the patellar ligament in the first and second examinations. Some of the demographic factors possibly related to patellar ligament thickness (age, sex, body weight, type of cranial cruciate ligament rupture, arthrotomy, cage size, meniscal injury, time between surgery and radiographic examination) were analyzed. However, statistical analyses did not show any effect of these factors on the thickness of the patellar ligament, except for the time between surgery and radiographic examination. These findings can extend the surgeons’ knowledge of biomechanical aspects of tibial tuberosity advancement.

Comparison of Intra- and Postoperative Complications between Bilateral Simultaneous and Staged Tibial Plateau Levelling Osteotomy with Arthroscopy in 176 Cases

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raz Peress ◽  
Sebastian Mejia ◽  
Marcos Unis ◽  
Giovanni Sotgiu ◽  
Simone Dore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postoperative Complications ◽  
Complication Rate ◽  
Tibial Plateau ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Statistical Error ◽  
Major Complication ◽  
Tibial Tuberosity ◽  
Cranial Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Client Factors

Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to compare the resulting short-term complications after simultaneous (SIM) or staged (ST) tibial plateau levelling osteotomy (TPLO) in patients that presented with bilaterally torn cranial cruciate ligaments. Study Design This was a retrospective study. Materials and Methods Medical records of dogs diagnosed with bilateral cranial cruciate ligament disease that underwent bilateral SIM or ST TPLO surgery with arthroscopy (2005–2015) were reviewed to evaluate the intra- and postoperative complications. Data were analysed and major and minor complications were compared between the two groups. Results A total of 176 client-owned dogs (352 stifles) that had TPLO performed bilaterally with SIM or ST procedures were included for analysis. The overall complication rate was 47.5% for the SIM group and 19.5% for the ST group. The incidence of major complications was 10.1 and 3.8% in the SIM and ST groups respectively. Minor complications were 38.4 and 15.6% in the SIM and ST groups respectively. Tibial tuberosity fractures requiring revision were noted in 2% of the SIM group and none of the ST group. Clinical Significance Although no significant difference was noted in major complication rate or tibial tuberosity fractures in our cohort of patients, a Type II statistical error was found. The complication rate in the SIM group is numerically greater by a factor of 2–3× or more for nearly all categories. Surgeons should consider the risks and benefits of SIM versus ST procedures as well as relevant individual patient and client factors before electing either alternative.

Comparison of Outcomes Associated with Tibial Plateau Levelling Osteotomy and a Modified Technique for Tibial Tuberosity Advancement for the Treatment of Cranial Cruciate Ligament Disease in Dogs: A Randomized Clinical Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (04) ◽  
pp. 314-323
Author(s):  
Véronique Livet ◽  
Arnaud Baldinger ◽  
Éric Viguier ◽  
Mathieu Taroni ◽  
Mathieu Harel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tibial Plateau ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Postoperative Recovery ◽  
Tibial Tuberosity ◽  
Modified Technique ◽  
Cranial Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Symmetry Index ◽  
Randomized Clinical Study ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Duration Of Surgery

Objectives This study aimed to compare outcomes between the tibial plateau levelling osteotomy (TPLO) procedure and a modified tibial tuberosity advancement (TTA Rapid) in dogs with cranial cruciate ligament rupture. Materials and Methods Twenty-six dogs were prospectively randomized into two groups: a TPLO group (n = 13) and a TTA Rapid group (n = 13). A lameness score evaluation, gait analysis and radiographical examination were performed before surgery, the 3 days after surgery, and then at 1, 3 and 6 months postoperatively. Finally, owners were asked to subjectively rate their level of satisfaction. Results The duration of surgery was significantly shorter for the TTA Rapid procedure (p < 0.0001). There was no significant difference in the occurrence of complications between groups. Lameness scores were significantly higher during the first 3 days after surgery for the TPLO group (p = 0.01 at day 1, p = 0.01 at day 2 and p = 0.003 at day 3). One month after surgery, the symmetry index between healthy and affected limbs for the relative stance time during the gait cycle (symmetry index/%) was significantly higher for the TTA Rapid group (p < 0.01). No gait parameters were significantly different between the two groups 6 months after surgery. All of the owners of dogs in the TPLO group were completely satisfied, whereas only 11/13 owners of dogs in the TTA rapid group were completely satisfied. Clinical Significance Tibial plateau levelling osteotomy and TTA Rapid were associated with high long-term success rates in dogs. The immediate postoperative recovery seemed faster with TTA Rapid, but thereafter there was no difference.

Comparative Analysis of Vertical Forces in Dogs Affected with Cranial Cruciate Ligament Disease and Tibial Plateau Angles Greater or Less than 25 Degrees

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (06) ◽  
pp. 387-390
Author(s):  
Cássio Ricardo Auada Ferrigno ◽  
Alexandre Navarro Alves de Souza ◽  
Márcio Poletto Ferreira ◽  
Valentine Verpaalen ◽  
Julia Maria Matera
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Kinetic Data ◽  
Tibial Plateau ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Vertical Force ◽  
Meniscal Lesion ◽  
Cranial Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cranial Cruciate Ligament Disease

Abstract Objective Our objective was to compare the peak vertical force (PVF) and vertical impulse (VI) between dogs with cranial cruciate ligament disease and a tibial plateau angle (TPA) greater or less than 25 degrees. Methods A retrospective study was performed in 18 dogs with cranial cruciate ligament disease in which kinetic gait data were obtained with a pressure walkway system. Dogs were distributed in two groups: dogs with a TPA ≤ 25 degrees (n = 8) and dogs with a TPA > 25 degrees (n = 10). Mean PVF and VI in per cent of body weight (%BW) were compared between groups with an unpaired t-test (p < 0.05). Results Mean PVF and VI for the cranial cruciate ligament disease limb were 14.39%BW and 3.57%BWs for dogs with a TPA >25 degrees and 14.44%BW and 3.47%BWs for dogs with a TPA ≤ 25 degrees. There was no significant difference in mean PVF and VI between the groups. Conclusion The results suggest that there is no difference in kinetic data between dogs with cranial cruciate ligament disease and a TPA greater or less than 25 degrees. Other factors such as body weight, time of injury or meniscal lesion could be more related to the magnitude of cranial cruciate ligament disease lameness.

Proximal tibial epiphysiodesis to reduce tibial plateau slope in young dogs with cranial cruciate ligament deficient stifle

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (04) ◽  
pp. 343-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bohorquez Vanelli ◽  
M. Modenato ◽  
J. Dziezyc ◽  
T. Devine Slocum ◽  
A. Vezzoni
Keyword(s):  
Tibial Plateau ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Tibial Slope ◽  
Proximal Part ◽  
Cranial Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Acl Injuries ◽  
Tibial Plateau Slope ◽  
Intraoperative Fluoroscopy ◽  
Significant Difference

SummaryThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of proximal tibial epiphysiodesis to reduce the tibial plateau slope in young dogs with cranial cruciale ligament (CCL) deficient stifles. Of the 14 treated dogs, eight had a bilateral injury, for a total of 22 joints. After physical and radiographical examination and measurement of tibial plateau slope, all of the dogs underwent surgery. Insertion of the screw was placed in the most proximal part of the tibial plateau, in its medio-lateral centre, aiming to the tibial shaft and using a K wire predriven as a guide; correct position of the screw was confirmed with intraoperative fluoroscopy or radiography. In all of the dogs the tibial slope was decreased at the time of physis fusion and the degree of change depended on the age and the breed of the dog at the time of surgery. The minimum change was 4° and the maximum was 24°. There was a statistically significant difference between tibial slope measured before surgery compared to tibial slope measured at the last follow-up visit after surgery. This study shows that the partial proximal tibial fusion in dogs with ACL injuries was effective in reducing the tibial slope during the residual growing time to such an extent to stabilize the joint, provided that the surgery had been carried out when there was still residual growing potential. The technique appeared to be mini-invasive and malalignment complications could be avoided by correct and precise insertion of the screw.

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