scholarly journals Meyers and McKeever classification of ACL avulsion fractures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Bell
Keyword(s):  
Avulsion Fractures ◽  
Acl Avulsion

Articular Fractures of the Distal Scaphoid

1988 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-91
Author(s):  
A. J. PROSSER ◽  
I. J. BRENKEL ◽  
G. B. IRVINE
Keyword(s):  
Articular Surface ◽  
Avulsion Fractures ◽  
Articular Fractures ◽  
Anatomical Classification ◽  
Distal Articular Surface

We propose an anatomical classification of fractures involving the distal articular surface of the scaphoid. The predominant patterns, in the 37 patients reviewed, were avulsion fractures from the radio-volar tip of the tuberosity and impaction fractures of the radial half of the articular surface. The possible mechanisms of injury are discussed.

scholarly journals Isolated PCL and ACL Avulsion Fractures of the Knee

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (11_suppl3) ◽  
pp. 2325967114S0018
Author(s):  
Özgur Baysal ◽  
Engin Ecevız ◽  
Fevzi Saglam ◽  
Nurzat Elmalı
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Avulsion Fracture ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Imaging Modalities ◽  
Advanced Imaging ◽  
Avulsion Fractures ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Partial Weight ◽  
Acl Avulsion

Objectives: Isolated combined PCL and ACL avulsion fractures is a rare condition. A 40 year old woman had both PCL and ACL avulsion fracture due to a car accident. These fractures often have a subtle appearance at conventional radiography. Advanced imaging modalities, particularly CT and MRI are helpful to diagnose correctly and define the extent of damage. The aim of the study was point out this rare injury. We diagnosed this patient who had both PCL and ACL avulsion fractures. In the literature only a few case have been reported. We think that these fractures may be missed in the Emergency Department. If a patient is brought to the ED with high-velocity trauma, careful evaluation of bone and soft tissues followed by advanced imaging modalities should be performed. Methods: The PCL avulsion fracture was fixed with a cancellous screw via posterior approach and ACL avulsion fracture was fixed with arthroscopically assisted pull-out sutures 10 days after the traumatic event. The knee was immobilized in 20° flexion. Isometric knee, hip and ankle exercises were started immediately. Six weeks later after the operation active range of motion exercises and partial weight-bearing were allowed. In the third month full weight bearing was allowed and full range of motion was achieved. Results: Both PCL and ACL avulsion fractures healed uneventfully. Conclusion: Although knee injuries are frequent, simultaneous PCL and ACL avulsion fractures are rare . The clinician should have a high index of suspicion for these injuries. Careful physical examination and radiological imaging, especially magnetic resonance imagination is helpful in the diagnosis. Early surgical repair and appropriate rehabilitation are the keys to a good outcome in these injuries.

Management of neglected ACL avulsion fractures: a case series and systematic review

Injury ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. S54-S60 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.K. Chouhan ◽  
M.S. Dhillon ◽  
R. John ◽  
A. Khurana
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Avulsion Fractures ◽  
Acl Avulsion

scholarly journals Isolated “Nutcracker” Fracture of the Anterior Calcaneal Process: do we need a more Comprehensive Classification for this Inury Spectrum? A Case Report

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Compression Fracture ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Trauma Mechanism ◽  
Calcaneal Fractures ◽  
Avulsion Fractures ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Comprehensive Classification

Fractures of the anterior calcaneal process are relatively rare accounting for 3-15% of all calcaneal fractures and can occur due to high or low energy trauma. Avulsion fractures are generally due to forced inversion and plantar flexion of the foot and are associated with ligament tears. More are impaction fractures, i.e. nutcracker fractures, are commonly described as due to a forced eversion and abduction of the foot with compression forcing the anterior process of the calcaneus against the cuboid. Clinical features are subtle and X-ray examination for the diagnosis of anterior calcaneal process fracture is challenging. A CT examination can reveal the fracture and should be performed whenever a doubt exists for correct diagnosis. Here we present the unique clinical case of a 44ys old female patient who suffered an isolated compression fracture of the anterior calcaneal process due to a fall from a stair with forced foot eversion and low energy trauma mechanism. The patient healed uneventfully with a conservative treatment. A more comprehensive classification of this spectrum injury is sought as many different fracture or combined bone-ligamentous lesions exist requiring different surgical or non surgical management. Actually, no clear guidelines exist in literature assisting the treating physician in the management of such challenging lesions.

scholarly journals Arthroscopic fixation of anterior cruciate ligament tibial avulsion fractures: the suture “bridge” pull out technique and evaluation of results

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 979
Author(s):  
Mihir R. Patel ◽  
Ushma K. Butala ◽  
Nirlepsinh S. Thakor ◽  
Raunik R. Bansod ◽  
Rohan A. Dhotre
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Avulsion Fractures ◽  
Suture Bridge ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Arthroscopic Fixation ◽  
Anterior Cruciate ◽  
Acl Avulsion

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Tibial anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) avulsion fractures are a common injury in children and adolescents. Operative treatment is indicated for type 2, 3 and 4 fractures. Arthroscopic fixation is the preferred method and numerous fixation options are described. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the results of a new technique of arthroscopic fixation.</span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">A retrospective study was done involving twelve patients having displaced ACL tibial avulsion fractures. The arthroscopic suture “bridge” pull out technique was used to fix these fractures. Patient symptoms like knee pain, locking, clicking, sensation of giving way and clinical signs like tenderness, range of motion, Mc Murray’s test, stability test and Lysholm knee scores were evaluated pre operatively and post operatively at 3 months and 6 months. Patient satisfaction was noted at latest follow up</span>.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">One patient had type 2, 7 patients had type 3 and 4 patients had type 4 tibial ACL avulsion fractures. All the fractures united and all patients achieved full knee range of motion by 2 months post-operative. The clinical symptoms and signs improved post operatively. The mean Lysholm knee score at 3 months follow up was 88.8 and at 6 months follow up were 98.8. At latest follow up, all the patients were satisfied with their knee function. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">The arthroscopic suture “bridge” pull out technique is an effective method for fixation of ACL tibial avulsion fractures with respect to knee stability, range of motion and resumption of pre injury activity level.</span></p>

scholarly journals The Relationship between the Injury Mechanism and the Incidence of ACL Avulsions in Schatzker Type IV Tibial Plateau Fractures: A 3D Quantitative Analysis Based on Mimics Software

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zihao Liu ◽  
Shuai Wang ◽  
Xiaochen Tian ◽  
Aqin Peng
Keyword(s):  
Tibial Plateau ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Injury Mechanism ◽  
Tibial Plateau Fractures ◽  
Injury Patterns ◽  
Avulsion Fractures ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Schatzker Type ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Acl Avulsion

Abstract Introduction Tibial plateau fractures are often accompanied with ligamental and meniscal injuries. Among which, the combined existence of Schatzker type IV fracture with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) avulsion has been reported rarely. The purpose of this study was to determine the injury mechanism of Schatzker type IV fracture with ACL avulsion based on Mimics software. Methods Ninety-nine Schatzker type IV tibial plateau fractures were retrospectively analyzed by quantitative three-dimensional measurements. ACL avulsions were diagnosed through the data of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. We simulated the knee posture when an injury occurred and defined different injury patterns. The chi-square test was used for determining the main mechanism which causes Schatzker type IV fractures associated with ACL avulsions. Results There were more ACL avulsions and more displaced ACL avulsions associated with the knee in flexion in the setting of Schatzker type IV fracture (p < 0.05). More ACL avulsions were found in the injury pattern of flexion-valgus than the other injury patterns of the same level (p < 0.05). The rotation of the tibial showed no significant difference in producing ACL avulsion fractures. Conclusion This study found that a flexed knee at the occurrence of a Schatzker type IV tibial plateau fracture is a high-risk factor for causing associated ACL avulsion and producing more displaced avulsions. Flexion-valgus pattern was the main cause of Schatzker type IV fractures associated with ACL avulsions. The findings will help orthopedists understand the injury mechanism and enhance their awareness of such injuries to avoid unfavorable prognosis.

Pelvic Bone Trauma

2019 ◽  
pp. 87-92
Author(s):  
Winnie A. Mar ◽  
Tyson S. Chadaz
Keyword(s):  
Pelvic Trauma ◽  
Pelvic Fractures ◽  
Urethral Injury ◽  
Pelvic Bone ◽  
Acetabular Fractures ◽  
Avulsion Fractures ◽  
Imaging Characteristics ◽  
Healing Phase ◽  
Imaging Strategy

Chapter 18 discusses pelvic trauma and reviews the mechanism of injury and clinical features, imaging strategy, imaging characteristics, and treatment of pelvic and acetabular fractures. Most pelvic fractures are stable and include pubic rami fractures, avulsion fractures, and the Duverney fracture. Pelvic fractures may be associated with significant hemorrhage or bladder or urethral injury. The Young and Burgess classification of pelvic fractures is discussed including lateral compression, anterior compression, and vertical shear injuries. The Letournel and Judet classification of acetabular fractures into elemental and associated fractures is also delineated. It is important to recognize pelvic avulsion fractures as they may simulate tumor or osteomyelitis during the healing phase.

Note on the spectral classification of carbon stars in the photographic infrared region

1966 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 21-23
Author(s):  
Y. Fujita
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Region ◽  
Spectral Classification ◽  
Carbon Stars

We have investigated the spectrograms (dispersion: 8Å/mm) in the photographic infrared region fromλ7500 toλ9000 of some carbon stars obtained by the coudé spectrograph of the 74-inch reflector attached to the Okayama Astrophysical Observatory. The names of the stars investigated are listed in Table 1.

Diagnostic Value of Electron Microscopy in Soft Tissue Tumors

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 220-221
Author(s):  
Gerald Fine ◽  
Azorides R. Morales
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Myxoma ◽  
Osteogenic Sarcoma ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Soft Tissue Tumors ◽  
Amelanotic Melanoma ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Light Microscopic Level ◽  
Mesenchymal Tumors ◽  
Good Agreement

For years the separation of carcinoma and sarcoma and the subclassification of sarcomas has been based on the appearance of the tumor cells and their microscopic growth pattern and information derived from certain histochemical and special stains. Although this method of study has produced good agreement among pathologists in the separation of carcinoma from sarcoma, it has given less uniform results in the subclassification of sarcomas. There remain examples of neoplasms of different histogenesis, the classification of which is questionable because of similar cytologic and growth patterns at the light microscopic level; i.e. amelanotic melanoma versus carcinoma and occasionally sarcoma, sarcomas with an epithelial pattern of growth simulating carcinoma, histologically similar mesenchymal tumors of different histogenesis (histiocytoma versus rhabdomyosarcoma, lytic osteogenic sarcoma versus rhabdomyosarcoma), and myxomatous mesenchymal tumors of diverse histogenesis (myxoid rhabdo and liposarcomas, cardiac myxoma, myxoid neurofibroma, etc.)

Ultrastructure of mesotheliomas

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 98-101
Author(s):  
Irving Dardick
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Latent Period ◽  
Spindle Cell ◽  
Spindle Cell Sarcoma ◽  
Metastatic Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Cell Sarcoma ◽  
Cytological Features ◽  
Industrial Use ◽  
Degree Of Differentiation

With the extensive industrial use of asbestos in this century and the long latent period (20-50 years) between exposure and tumor presentation, the incidence of malignant mesothelioma is now increasing. Thus, surgical pathologists are more frequently faced with the dilemma of differentiating mesothelioma from metastatic adenocarcinoma and spindle-cell sarcoma involving serosal surfaces. Electron microscopy is amodality useful in clarifying this problem.In utilizing ultrastructural features in the diagnosis of mesothelioma, it is essential to appreciate that the classification of this tumor reflects a variety of morphologic forms of differing biologic behavior (Table 1). Furthermore, with the variable histology and degree of differentiation in mesotheliomas it might be expected that the ultrastructure of such tumors also reflects a range of cytological features. Such is the case.

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