Is time of neck pain onset a prognostic factor in whiplash-associated disorders?

Abstract Objectives Acute as well as chronic pain syndromes are common after whiplash trauma and exercise therapy is proposed as one possible intervention strategy. The aim of the present systematic review was to evaluate the effect of exercise therapy in patients with Whiplash-Associated Disorders for the improvement of neck pain and neck disability, compared with other therapeutic interventions, placebo interventions, no treatment, or waiting list. Content The review was registered in Prospero (CRD42017060356) and conducted in accordance with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. A literature search in PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane from inception until January 13, 2020 was combined with a hand search to identify eligible randomized controlled studies. Abstract screening, full text assessment and risk of bias assessment (Cochrane RoB 2.0) were conducted by two independent reviewers. Summary The search identified 4,103 articles. After removal of duplicates, screening of 2,921 abstracts and full text assessment of 100 articles, 27 articles that reported data for 2,127 patients were included. The included articles evaluated the effect of exercise therapy on neck pain, neck disability or other outcome measures and indicated some positive effects from exercise, but many studies lacked control groups not receiving active treatment. Studies on exercise that could be included in the random-effect meta-analysis showed significant short-term effects on neck pain and medium-term effects on neck disability. Outlook Despite a large number of articles published in the area of exercise therapy and Whiplash-Associated Disorders, the current evidence base is weak. The results from the present review with meta-analysis suggests that exercise therapy may provide additional effect for improvement of neck pain and disability in patients with Whiplash-Associated Disorders.

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Confirmatory factor analysis of the neck disability index, comparing patients with whiplash associated disorders to a control group with non-specific neck pain

European Spine Journal ◽

10.1007/s00586-016-4543-z ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 25 (7) ◽

pp. 2078-2086 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Charles Philip Gabel ◽

Antonio Cuesta-Vargas ◽

Sebastian Barr ◽

Stephanie Winkeljohn Black ◽

Jason W. Osborne ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽

Neck Pain ◽

Neck Disability Index ◽

Control Group ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Whiplash Associated Disorders ◽

Neck Disability

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Variations in the axis of motion during head repositioning – A comparison of subjects with whiplash-associated disorders or non-specific neck pain and healthy controls

Clinical Biomechanics ◽

10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2007.05.008 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 22 (8) ◽

pp. 865-873 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

Helena Grip ◽

Gunnevi Sundelin ◽

Björn Gerdle ◽

J. Stefan Karlsson

Keyword(s):

Neck Pain ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Whiplash Associated Disorders

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Cold hyperalgesia as a prognostic factor in whiplash associated disorders: A systematic review

Manual Therapy ◽

10.1016/j.math.2012.02.014 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 17 (5) ◽

pp. 402-410 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

Robert Goldsmith ◽

Chris Wright ◽

Sarah F. Bell ◽

Alison Rushton

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Prognostic Factor ◽

Cold Hyperalgesia ◽

Whiplash Associated Disorders

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Are manual therapies, passive physical modalities, or acupuncture effective for the management of patients with whiplash-associated disorders or neck pain and associated disorders? An update of the Bone and Joint Decade Task Force on Neck Pain and Its Associated Disorders by the OPTIMa collaboration

The Spine Journal ◽

10.1016/j.spinee.2015.08.024 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 16 (12) ◽

pp. 1598-1630 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

Jessica J. Wong ◽

Heather M. Shearer ◽

Silvano Mior ◽

Craig Jacobs ◽

Pierre Côté ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Neck Pain ◽

Task Force ◽

Manual Therapies ◽

Whiplash Associated Disorders ◽

Joint Decade ◽

Physical Modalities

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Randomized controlled trial of exercise interventions for chronic whiplash-associated disorders: One-year follow-up of the effect on neck muscle endurance, active cervical range of motion and grip strength.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-35272/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Gunnel Peterson ◽

Maria Landén Ludvigsson ◽

Anneli Peolsson

Keyword(s):

Neck Pain ◽

Pain Intensity ◽

Grip Strength ◽

Reference Values ◽

Muscle Endurance ◽

Neck Muscle ◽

Exercise Interventions ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Whiplash Associated Disorders

Abstract Background: Years after whiplash injury, more than 40 % of people experience persistent neck pain and disability, called whiplash-associated disorders (WAD). The relations between neck related function, neck pain and disability are inconclusive and need to be further investigated. The aims were; a) to compare the effect of three different exercise interventions – neck-specific exercise (NSE), NSE with a behavioral approach (NSEB) and prescribed physical activity (PPA) – on neck-muscle endurance (NME), active cervical range of motion (AROM), grip strength and pain intensity immediately before and after the tests, and b) to compare neck-disability in individuals who are below or above the cut-off for normative reference values of healthy individuals regarding NME, AROM and grip strength.Methods: This is a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled multicenter study including 12 months’ follow-up. A total of 216 individuals with chronic WAD grades II or III were recruited. Data were recorded at baseline, 3, 6, and 12 months. Linear mixed models were used and sub-group analyses were evaluated with non-parametric tests.Results: NSE and NSEB resulted in greater improvements compared to PPA (p < .01) and were maintained at 12 months’ follow-up in ventral (only males) and dorsal NME, AROM and pain intensity during testing. In grip strength, there were no significant between-group differences (p > 0.05). There were no significant differences between the NSE and NSEB groups (p > .05). Sub-group analyses revealed improvement in disability at 12 months follow-up in NSE and/or NSEB for individuals both below and above the cut-off reference value in NME and AROM. More severe disability was seen in individuals below the reference values both at baseline and 12 months’ follow-up. Individuals in the PPA group below the reference values in NME and AROM reported increasing disability at 12 months compared to baseline.Conclusion: The results suggest that neck-specific exercises (NSE, NSEB) improved clinical function and decreased disability in chronic WAD compared to PPA. The results may imply that higher neck-related clinical function can be important for reduced disability. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01528579, date of registration: February 8, 2012, retrospectively registered; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT0152857

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