scholarly journals Comparative analysis and evaluation of current antidiarrheal prescribing trends with representative brand in pediatric population of Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-41
Author(s):  
Maimoona Malik ◽  
Shahana Khattak ◽  
Humaira Naureen ◽  
Farah Azhar ◽  
Hina Ahsan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Treatment ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
World Health ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Oral Rehydration ◽  
Rehydration Solutions ◽  
Prescribing Trends ◽  
Standard Treatment Guidelines

Background: Prevalence of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) among pregnant women is very much common among the Background: Inappropriate management of diarrhea is the main cause of morbidity and mortality in the pediatric population worldwide, more especially in developing countries including Pakistan. Method: The sample size was calculated using World Health Organization (WHO) and Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) info calculator. 240 prescriptions were collected from eight hospitals including four public hospitals (Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Polyclinic Hospital, Holy family Hospital and Benazir Hospital) and four private hospitals (Hearts International Hospital, Maroof Hospital, Railway hospital, Bilal Hospital) of twin cities of Pakistan (Islamabad and Rawalpindi). Objectives: The purpose of this study was to analyze current prescribing trends of diarrheal management followed by comparative pharmaceutical evaluation of representative brands Parameters recorded from prescriptions were demographics (age and gender), presenting complaints and medications prescribed. Prescriptions were evaluated by their comparison with standard treatment guidelines. Results: Data were evaluated using a statistical package for social sciences (SPSS version 16.0) for descriptive statistics and cross-tabulations along with Chi square test. Diarrhea was presenting complaint in 106 (44%) of peads among age group 0-2 years. Out of 106 (44%) cases of diarrhea, 52 (20%) cases have prescribed an antibiotic in combination with other medications, which was not indicated according to standard guidelines. The use of oral rehydration solutions (ORS) was also limited. Zinc supplementation with ORS is indicated treatment for diarrhea and was prescribed to 21 (9%) cases. Conclusion: Hence, it has been concluded that standard treatment guidelines were not followed thoroughly which leads to increased morbidity, complications and cost.

scholarly journals Changes to the ART guidelines – an overview

2010 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Celicia Serenata
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
South African ◽  
Standard Treatment ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Dual Therapy ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Task Team ◽  
Standard Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Mother To Child

In 2009 the South African National AIDS Council (SANAC) Treatment Technical Task Team (TTT) finalised recommendations for changes to the national standard treatment guidelines for adult and paediatric management and treatment, as well as changes in the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) guidelines, moving away from monotherapy to dual therapy. President Zuma announced changes in the national antiretroviral therapy (ART) programme on World AIDS Day 2009. Subsequently additional changes were made to the treatment guidelines to be in line with these new Presidential mandates, which came into effect on 1 April 2010.

scholarly journals Milk consumption monitoring as a farmer friendly indicator for advanced treatment in limited fed calves with neonatal diarrhoea syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 104-110
Author(s):  
PD Katsoulos ◽  
MA Karatzia ◽  
A Dedousi ◽  
D Camo ◽  
C Boscos
Keyword(s):  
Standard Treatment ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Advanced Treatment ◽  
Milk Consumption ◽  
Severe Dehydration ◽  
Oral Rehydration ◽  
Rehydration Solutions ◽  
Treatment Administration ◽  
Neonatal Calves ◽  
Feeding Regimen

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether milk consumption (MC) could be used as a simple farmer-friendly indicator for providing advanced treatment to limited fed diarrhoeic neonatal calves. Complementarily, it was evaluated whether the standard indications for veterinary care (severe dehydration and/or acidosis-septicaemia) are associated with different patterns in MC. The MC and health records of 103 calves with diarrhoeathat were fed a milk replacer at the volume of 10% of their body weight were used in the study. The MC reduction rate (MCRR) was calculated after each feeding (MC<sub>t</sub>) during the diarrhoea course, based on the MC prior to the diarrhoea onset for each calf (MC<sub>0</sub>) using the formula MCRR = 100 × (MC<sub>0</sub> − MC<sub>t</sub>)/MC<sub>0</sub>. The calves were assigned into the ST group (n = 58) if they only received the standard treatment (oral rehydration solutions between milk feedings) until recovery, and into the advanced treatment (VT) group (n = 45) if they needed advanced treatment (i.v. fluids ± antibiotics) directly or after the standard treatment. The calves in the VT group that only had dehydration, were further assigned into the DH subgroup (n = 22) and those with signs of acidosis-septicaemia with or without dehydration were assigned into the ASD subgroup (n = 23). The MC was practically stable in the ST group throughout the diarrhoea course. In the VT group, the MC was significantly reduced during the last 36 hours prior to the advanced treatment administration. This reduction was significantly higher in the ASD subgroup than the DH subgroup. The MCRR on the last meal prior to treatment administration was proven to be a very reliable indicator for the detection of diarrhoeic calves needing advanced treatment (cut-off: ≥ 24.5%; sensitivity: 95.6%; specificity: 98.7%) and of those with acidosis-septicaemia (cut-off: ≥ 29.6%; sensitivity: 91.7%; specificity: 99.1%). The results of the study show thatfarmers employing this feeding regimen should seek veterinary assistance when the milk consumption of calves is reduced by ≥ 24.5%.

scholarly journals Incidence and Diversity of Antimicrobial Multidrug Resistance Profiles of Uropathogenic Bacteria

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inês Linhares ◽  
Teresa Raposo ◽  
António Rodrigues ◽  
Adelaide Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Standard Treatment ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Empirical Therapy ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Resistance Determinants ◽  
Standard Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Uropathogenic Bacteria ◽  
High Diversity

The aim of this study was to assess the most frequent multidrug resistant (MDR) profiles of the main bacteria implicated in community-acquired urinary tract infections (UTI). Only the MDR profiles observed in, at least, 5% of the MDR isolates were considered. A quarter of the bacteria were MDR and the most common MDR profile, including resistance to penicillins, quinolones, and sulfonamides (antibiotics with different mechanisms of action, all mainly recommended by the European Association of Urology for empirical therapy of uncomplicated UTI), was observed, alone or in association with resistance to other antimicrobial classes, in the main bacteria implicated in UTI. The penicillin class was included in all the frequent MDR profiles observed in the ten main bacteria and was the antibiotic with the highest prescription during the study period. The sulfonamides class, included in five of the six more frequent MDR profiles, was avoided between 2000 and 2009. The results suggest that the high MDR percentage and the high diversity of MDR profiles result from a high prescription of antibiotics but also from antibiotic-resistant genes transmitted with other resistance determinants on mobile genetic elements and that the UTI standard treatment guidelines must be adjusted for the community of Aveiro District.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document