scholarly journals A STEADY PSEUDO-COMPRESSIBILITY APPROACH BASED ON UNSTRUCTURED HYBRID FINITE VOLUME TECHNIQUES APPLIED TO TURBULENT PREMIXED FLAME PROPAGATION

2003 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
W. M. C. Dourado ◽  
P. Bruel ◽  
J. L. F. Azevedo
Keyword(s):  
Finite Volume ◽  
Flame Propagation ◽  
Propagation Velocity ◽  
Turbulent Flame ◽  
Flame Structure ◽  
Numerical Procedure ◽  
Turbulent Medium ◽  
Flame Propagation Velocity ◽  
Turbulent Premixed Flame ◽  
Turbulent Reactive Flows

A pseudo-compressibility method for zero Mach number turbulent reactive flows with heat release is combined with an unstructured finite volume hybrid grid scheme. The spatial discretization is based on an overlapped cell vertex approach. An infinite freely planar flame propagating into a turbulent medium of premixed reactants is considered as a test case. The recourse to a flamelet combustion modeling for which the reaction rate is quenched in a continuous way ensures the uniqueness of the turbulent flame propagation velocity. To integrate the final form of discretized governing equations, a three-stage hybrid time-stepping scheme is used and artificial dissipation terms are added to stabilize the convergence path towards the final steady solution. The results obtained with such a numerical procedure prove to be in good agreement with those reported in the literature on the very same flow geometry. Indeed, the flame structure as well as its propagation velocity are accurately predicted thus confirming the validity of the approach followed and demonstrating that such a numerical procedure will be a valuable tool to deal with complex reactive flow geometries.

scholarly journals A STEADY PSEUDO-COMPRESSIBILITY APPROACH BASED ON UNSTRUCTURED HYBRID FINITE VOLUME TECHNIQUES APPLIED TO TURBULENT PREMIXED FLAME PROPAGATION

2003 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
W. M. C. Dourado ◽  
P. Bruel ◽  
J. L. F. Azevedo
Keyword(s):  
Finite Volume ◽  
Flame Propagation ◽  
Turbulent Flame ◽  
Flame Structure ◽  
Numerical Procedure ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Turbulent Premixed Flame ◽  
Combustion Modeling ◽  
Grid Scheme ◽  
Hybrid Grid

A pseudo-compressibility method for zero Mach number turbulent reactive flows with heat release is combined with an unstructured finite volume hybrid grid scheme. The spatial discretization is based on an overlapped cell vertex approach. An infinite freely planar flame propagating into a turbulent medium of premixed reactants is considered as a test case. The recourse to a flamelet combustion modeling for which the reaction rate is quenched in a continuous way ensures the uniqueness of the turbulent flame propagation velocity. To integrate the final form of discretized governing equations, a three-stage hybrid time-stepping scheme is used and artificial dissipation terms are added to stabilize the convergence path towards the final steady solution. The results obtained with such a numerical procedure prove to be in good agreement with those reported in the literature on the very same flow geometry. Indeed, the flame structure as well as its propagation velocity are accurately predicted thus confirming the validity of the approach followed and demonstrating that such a numerical procedure will be a valuable tool to deal with complex reactive flow geometries.

Effect of Centrifugal Force on Turbulent Premixed Flames

2014 ◽  
Vol 137 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro M. Briones ◽  
Balu Sekar ◽  
Timothy Erdmann
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
Flame Front ◽  
Centrifugal Force ◽  
Flame Propagation ◽  
Propagation Velocity ◽  
Turbulent Flame ◽  
Premixed Flames ◽  
Turbulent Premixed Flames ◽  
Flame Propagation Velocity ◽  
Turbulent Flame Speed

The effect of centrifugal force on flame propagation velocity of stoichiometric propane–, kerosene–, and n-octane–air turbulent premixed flames was numerically examined. The quasi-turbulent numerical model was set in an unsteady two-dimensional (2D) geometry with finite length in the transverse and streamwise directions but with infinite length in the spanwise direction. There was relatively good comparison between literature-reported measurements and predictions of propane–air flame propagation velocity as a function of centrifugal force. It was found that for all mixtures the flame propagation velocity increases with centrifugal force. It reaches a maximum, then falls off rapidly with further increases in centrifugal force. The results of this numerical study suggest that there are no distinct differences among the three mixtures in terms of the trends seen of the effect of centrifugal force on the flame propagation velocity. There are, however, quantitative differences. The numerical model is set in a noninertial, rotating reference frame. This rotation imposes a radially outward (centrifugal) force. The ignited mixture at one end of the tube raises the temperature and its heat release tends to laminarize the flow. The attained density difference combined with the direction of the centrifugal force promotes Rayleigh–Taylor instability. This instability with thermal expansion and turbulent flame speed constitute the flame propagation mechanism towards the other tube end. A wave is also generated from the ignition zone but propagates faster than the flame. During propagation the flame interacts with eddies that wrinkle and/or corrugate the flame. The flame front wrinkles interact with streamtubes that enhance Landau–Darrieus (hydrodynamic) instability, giving rise to a corrugated flame. Under strong stretch conditions the stabilizing equidiffusive-curvature mechanism fails and the flame front breaks up, allowing inflow of unburned mixture into the flame. This phenomenon slows down the flame temporarily and then the flame speeds up faster than before. However, if corrugation is large and the inflow of unburned mixture into the flame is excessive, the latter locally quenches and slows down the flame. This occurs when the centrifugal force is large, tending to blowout the flame. The wave in the tube interacts continuously with the flame through baroclinic torques at the flame front that further enhances the above mentioned flame–eddy interactions. Only at low centrifugal forces, the wave intermingles several times with the flame before the averaged flame propagation velocity is determined. The centrifugal force does not substantially increase the turbulent flame speed as commented by previous experimental investigations. The results also suggest that an ultracompact combustor (UCC) with high-g cavity (HGC) will be limited to centrifugal force levels in the 2000–3000 g range.

Effect of Centrifugal Force on Conventional and Alternative Fuel Surrogate Turbulent Premixed Flames

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro M. Briones ◽  
Balu Sekar ◽  
Timothy Erdmann
Keyword(s):  
Flame Front ◽  
Centrifugal Force ◽  
Flame Propagation ◽  
Propagation Velocity ◽  
Turbulent Flame ◽  
Premixed Flames ◽  
Flame Speed ◽  
Turbulent Premixed Flames ◽  
Flame Propagation Velocity ◽  
Turbulent Flame Speed

The effect of centrifugal force on flame propagation velocity of stoichiometric propane-, kerosene-, and n-octane-air turbulent premixed flames was numerically examined. The quasi-turbulent numerical model was set in an unsteady two-dimensional geometry with finite length in the transverse and streamwise directions but with infinite length in the spanwise direction. There was relatively good comparison between literature-reported measurements and predictions of propane-air flame propagation velocity as a function of centrifugal force. It was found that for all mixtures the flame propagation velocity increases with centrifugal force. It reaches a maximum then falls off rapidly with further increases in centrifugal force. The results of this numerical study suggest there are no distinct differences among the three mixtures in terms of the effect of centrifugal force on the flame propagation velocity. There are, however, quantitative differences. The numerical models are set in a non-inertial, rotating reference frame. This rotation imposes a radially outward (centrifugal) force. The ignited mixture at one end of the tube raises the temperature and its heat release tends to laminarize the flow. The attained density difference combined with the direction of the centrifugal force promotes Rayleigh-Taylor instability. This instability with thermal expansion and turbulent flame speed constitute the flame propagation mechanism towards the other tube end. A wave is also originated but propagates faster than the flame. During propagation the flame interacts with eddies that wrinkle and/or corrugate the flame. The flame front wrinkles interact with streamtubes that enhance Landau-Darrieus (hydrodynamic) instability, giving rise to a corrugated flame. Under strong stretch conditions the stabilizing equidiffusive-curvature mechanism fails and the flame front breaks up, allowing inflow of unburned mixture into the flame. This phenomenon slows down the flame temporarily and then the flame speeds up faster than before. However, if corrugation is large and the inflow of unburned mixture into the flame is excessive, the latter locally quenches and slows down the flame. This occurs when the centrifugal force is large, tending to blowout the flame. The wave in the tube interacts continuously with the flame through baroclinic torques at the flame front that further enhances the above mentioned flame-eddies interactions. Only at low centrifugal forces the wave intermingles several times with the flame before the averaged flame propagation velocity is determined. The centrifugal force does not substantially increase the turbulent flame speed as commented by previous experimental investigations. The results also suggest that an ultra-compact combustor (UCC) with high-g cavity (HGC) will be limited to centrifugal force levels in the 2000–3000g range.

scholarly journals Effects of Flame Propagation Velocity and Turbulence Intensity on End-Gas Auto-Ignition in a Spark Ignition Gasoline Engine

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 5039
Author(s):  
Lei Zhou ◽  
Xiaojun Zhang ◽  
Lijia Zhong ◽  
Jie Yu
Keyword(s):  
Flame Propagation ◽  
Turbulence Intensity ◽  
Propagation Velocity ◽  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Pressure Oscillation ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Flame Propagation Velocity ◽  
Eddy Simulation ◽  
Auto Ignition ◽  
Large Eddy

Knocking is a destructive and abnormal combustion phenomenon that hinders modern spark ignition (SI) engine technologies. However, the in-depth mechanism of a single-factor influence on knocking has not been well studied. Thus, the major aim of the present study is to study the effects of flame propagation velocity and turbulence intensity on end-gas auto-ignition through a large eddy simulation (LES) and a decoupling methodology in a downsized gasoline engine. The mechanisms of end-gas auto-ignition as well as strong pressure oscillation are qualitatively analyzed. It is observed that both flame propagation velocity and turbulence have a non-monotonic effect on knocking intensity. The competitive relationship between flame propagation velocity and ignition delay of the end gas is the primary reason responding to this phenomenon. A higher flame speed leads to an increase in the heat release rate in the cylinder, and consequently, quicker increases in the temperature and pressure of the unburned end-gas mixture are obtained, leading to end-gas auto-ignition. Further, the coupling of a pressure wave and an auto-ignition flame front results in super-knocking with a maximum peak of pressure of 31 MPa. Although the turbulence indirectly influences the end-gas auto-ignition by affecting the flame propagation velocity, it can accelerate the dissipation of radicals and heat in the end gas, which significantly influences knocking intensity. Moreover, it is found that the effect of turbulence is more pronounced than that of flame propagation velocity in inhibiting knocking. It can be concluded that the intensity of the pressure oscillation depends on the unburned mixture mass as well as the local thermodynamic state induced by flame propagation and turbulence, with mutual interactions. The present work is expected to provide valuable perspective for inhibiting super-knocking of an SI gasoline engine.

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