Power Management of Hybrid Grid System With Battery Deprivation Cost Using Artificial Neural Network

Continuous power supply in an integrated electric system supplied by solar energy and battery storage can be optimally maintained with the use of diesel generators. This article discusses the optimum setting-point for isolated wind, photo-voltaic, diesel, and battery storage electric grid systems. Optimal energy supply for hybrid grid systems means that the load is sufficient for 24 h. This study aims to integrate the battery deprivation costs and the fuel price feature in the optimization model for the hybrid grid. In order to count charge–discharge cycles and measure battery deprivation, the genetic algorithm concept is utilized. To solve the target function, an ANN-based algorithm with genetic coefficients can also be used to optimize the power management system. In the objective function, a weight factor is proposed. Specific weight factor values are considered for simulation studies. On the algorithm actions, charging status, and its implications for the optimized expense of the hybrid grid, the weight factor effect is measured.

Equivalent Continuum Coupling-Based Slope Stability Analysis of Zhouning Pumped Storage Power Station

A 3D equivalent continuum coupling analysis of the slope of the Zhouning pumped storage power station was proposed in this study. Firstly, the hydraulic properties of rock mass, groundwater, and deformation mechanism under high-frequency fluctuations of the water level are analyzed. Secondly, the three-dimensional Digital Terrain Model (DTM) with surface image information was established by digital photogrammetry technology for cataloging field fracture information. Third, stress-seepage coupling simulation using a hybrid grid approach and the FLAC3D equivalent continuum model was implemented. The results show that the permeability of rock mass is stress-dependent and anisotropic, and the direction of maximum principal permeability of both bank slopes is approximately parallel to the river. Slope deformations induced by impoundment during the operation period are the superposition results of two mechanisms, referred to as “mattress effect” and “swelling effect.” Attention should be paid to the tensile strength of the rock mass during operation.