Effectiveness of Direct Application of Phosphate Rock in Upland Acid Inceptisols Soils on Available-P and Maize Yield

Source of P fertilizer which is used by farmers in upland acid soils area is generally acidulated phosphate rock (PR), such as tripel super phosphate (TSP), super phosphate 36% P2O5 (SP-36), as well as partial acidulated phosphate rock (PAPR) which contain 10-30% P2O5. Their effectiveness, however, varies and depends on the soil and plant types. Phosphate rock fertilizers have a high prospects for acid soils because its effectiveness equals to the SP-36, cheaper, slow release, and its application can also leave the residual P in the soil that available for plants for next few seasons. Field experiment aimed to study the effectiveness of direct application of PR at upland acid soils and its effect on soil available-P as well as maize (Zea mays L.) yield was conducted in Acid Inceptisols of Ciampea, Bogor in wet season years 2008/2009. The experiment was arranged by a Randomized Completely Block Design with 3 replications. Maize of P-12 variety was used as a plant indicator. The treatment consisted of 6 levels of phosphate rock: 0, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 kg P ha-1, as well as one level of SP-36 40 kg P ha-1 as standard fertilizer. In addition, urea of 300 kg ha-1 and KCl of 100 kg ha-1 were used as basal fertilization. The result showed that the application of PR in the amount ranging from 20 to 60 kg P ha-1 increased total-P and available-P, and pH, decreased exchangeable Al in the soils as well as increased maize straw and grain. Phosphate rock application at 40 kg P ha-1 level was equally effective as SP-36 in the tested soils. Critical level of soil P for maize grown in the soil was 675 and 5.00 mg P2O5 kg-1 extracted with HCl 25% and Bray I, respectively. The requirement of P for maize grown in the soil to achieve maximum profit was 38 kg P ha-1 and 17.5 kg P ha-1 or equivalent to PR of 583 and 268 kg ha-1 in low (soil P < critical level) and high (soil P > critical level) soil P status, respectively.Keywords: Direct application, phosphate rock, soil available-P, upland acid soils.[How to Cite: Nurjaya and D Nursyamsi. 2013. Effectiveness of Direct Application of Phosphate Rock in Upland Acid Inceptisols Soils on Available-P and Maize Yield. J Trop Soils 18 (1): 1-9. doi: 10.5400/jts.2013.18.1.1] [Permalink/DOI: www.dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2013.18.1.1]

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Direct application of reactive phosphate rock on improving maize yield in tidal swampland

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/648/1/012175 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 648 (1) ◽

pp. 012175

Author(s):

A F Siregar ◽

Husnain ◽

I W Suastika ◽

N P S Ratmini ◽

I A Sipahutar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phosphate Rock ◽

Maize Yield ◽

Direct Application ◽

Reactive Phosphate ◽

Reactive Phosphate Rock

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The Use of Extract Banana Corm and Phosphate Rock to Increase Available-P in Alfisols

Sains Tanah - Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology ◽

10.15608/stjssa.v12i2.240 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 76

Author(s):

Slamet Minardi ◽

Sri Hartati ◽

Hery Widijanto ◽

Defi Wulandari

Keyword(s):

Phosphate Rock ◽

Available P

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EFFECT OF COMBINING ORGANIC RESIDUES WITH MINJINGU PHOSPHATE ROCK ON SORPTION AND AVAILABILITY OF PHOSPHORUS AND MAIZE PRODUCTION IN ACID SOILS OF WESTERN KENYA

Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1017/s0014479706004121 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 43 (1) ◽

pp. 51-66 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

M. N. KIFUKO ◽

C. O. OTHIENO ◽

J. R. OKALEBO ◽

L. N. KIMENYE ◽

K. W. NDUNG'U ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Ph ◽

Phosphate Rock ◽

Farmyard Manure ◽

Combined Treatment ◽

Chicken Manure ◽

Available P ◽

Organic Residues ◽

Maize Production ◽

Study Results ◽

Minjingu Phosphate Rock

Experiments were conducted in both the greenhouse and the field on highly weathered (Orthic Ferralsol) soils to evaluate the effect of combining on-farm organic residues (chicken manure, farmyard manure, sugar bagasse) with Minjingu phosphate rock (MPR) on soil pH, extractable (available) and sorbed phosphorus (P), and to assess the cost benefit for maize production. The greenhouse study results indicated that, in the first eight weeks of incubation, soil pH increased linearly with increase in MPR rates and decreased thereafter. The available P also increased linearly. Chicken manure and sugar bagasse were most and least effective respectively in reducing P sorption, while there was a significant negative relationship between P adsorption maxima and extractable P. The field experiment data showed that the available P values increased significantly above the control in all the treatments where MPR and organic materials were applied separately or combined. Treatment effects on Langmuir sorption maxima (Smax) in the field were variable. An increase in Smax with an increase in MPR rates was noted. However, there was a positive relationship between Smax and available P (r = 0.52 to 0.69), suggesting the diversity of factors affecting the complex nature of P dynamics under field conditions. MPR applied alone in the first season gave a significant residual positive effect on maize grain yield for two additional seasons. The economic analysis revealed that a single application of chicken manure (2 t ha−1) combined with MPR at 60 kg P ha−1 gave the highest incremental net benefit equivalent to US$ 657 ha−1 during the three maize cropping seasons.

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The effect of direct application of phosphate rock on increasing crop yield and improving properties of red soil

Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems ◽

10.1007/bf00420558 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 46 (3) ◽

pp. 235-239 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Hu Hong-Qing ◽

Li Xue-Yuan ◽

Liu Jung-Fu ◽

Xu Feng-Lin ◽

Liu Jung ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crop Yield ◽

Phosphate Rock ◽

Red Soil ◽

Direct Application

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Respons Benih Kakao Terhadap Amelioran, Mikrob Pelarut Fosfat, dan Pupuk Fosfat pada Tanah Masam

Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar ◽

10.21082/jtidp.v7n1.2020.p39-52 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 39

Author(s):

Kurnia Dewi Sasmita ◽

Iswandi Anas ◽

Syaiful Anwar ◽

Sudirman Yahya ◽

Gunawan Djajakirana

Keyword(s):

Acid Phosphatase ◽

Rice Husk ◽

Phosphate Rock ◽

Acid Soil ◽

Block Design ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Available P ◽

Growing Media ◽

Rice Husk Biochar

<em>The growth of cacao in acid soils is commonly limited by some problems such as low available P and pH, and high Al saturation. Therefore, research is needed to solve the problem of coffee cultivation in acid soil. This study aimed to determine the effect of ameliorant, phosphate solubilizing microbes (PSM), and phosphate fertilizers (P) on the growth and nutrient uptake of cacao seedlings, and some acid soil properties. The study used a randomized block design with 3 factors and 3 replications. The first factor was ameliorant applications (without ameliorant, 10% organic fertilizer, 4% rice husk biochar, 4% rice husk biochar + 10% organic fertilizer). The second factor was PSM applications: without PSM, Burkholderia ambifaria (BPF) inoculants, and Aspergillus niger (FPF) inoculants. The third factor was P fertilizers applications (without Phosphate Rock (PR), 100, 200, and 400 mg P/kg of PR, and 400 mg P/kg of SP-36). The results showed that the applications of 4% rice husk biochar + 10% organic fertilizer + BPF or FPF inoculants increase the number of leaves by 77.9% and 69.2%, respectively, and increase the dry weight of shoot by 93.6 % and 101.9%, respectively. Phosphate rock application in media without organic fertilizer increases dry weight of shoots and roots of cacao seedlings, and the uptake of P, Ca, and Mg in shoots linearly in line with the increase of PR dose to 400 mg P/kg. Application of rice husk biochar significantly increased the acid phosphatase activity of growing media. Meanwhile, organic fertilizer increased the soil pH, acid phosphatase and available P activity, and decreased Al-dd growing media.</em>

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ASSESSMENT OF PHOSPHORUS AVAILABILITY FROM UNREACTIVE TOGO PHOSPHATE ROCK BY LEGUME AND CEREAL CROPS IN TWO GHANAIAN SOILS

International Journal of Agriculture ◽

10.47604/ija.1050 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Alex Boateng ◽

Prof. Emmanuel Owusu- Bennoah

Keyword(s):

Phosphate Rock ◽

Dry Matter ◽

P Uptake ◽

Phosphorus Availability ◽

Direct Application ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Cereal Crops ◽

Dry Matter Yield ◽

Water Soluble P ◽

Soluble P

Purpose: In recent years, phosphate rock (PR) for direct application has been tested in tropical acid soils as a potential alternative to conventional water-soluble P fertilizers like Single Superphosphate (SSP) and Triple Superphosphate (TSP). However, direct application of PR with low reactivity does not always give satisfactory results. Legume and cereal crops represent a strategy that can be used to solubilize P from some of these unreactive PRs. The objective of this study was to assess the availability of P from unreactive Togo Phosphate Rock (TPR) relative to TSP by six (6) crop species in two Ghanaian soils. Methodology: The study was conducted in the greenhouse of the Crop Science Department, University of Ghana. Three P rates, 0mg, 50mg and 100mg P of TPR and TSP were applied to a kilogram of soil per pot in the two soil series. Randomized Complete Block Design was used to do the analyses. Results/Findings: Application of TSP resulted in higher dry matter and P uptake irrespective of the soil type. Among the legumes, cowpea gave the highest dry matter yield. Fairly, a similar trend was obtained with the application of TPR. Among the cereals, the average P uptake by sorghum from TPR was the highest, followed by maize and millet in the Nzema soil. In the Adenta series, P uptake by maize was the highest, followed by sorghum and millet. Phosphorus (P) uptake by the cereals from TPR was generally better in the Adenta than the Nzema soil. Unique contribution to theories, practice and policy: Results show increasing the rate of TPR to 100mg P/pot resulted in an increase in dry matter yield and P uptake in both soils, but was inferior to 100mg P/pot TSP application. Consequently, the rate of application of TPR should always be high if farmers want the best from their investments. Again, the low relative agronomic effectiveness of TPR for all the crops, proved the low reactivity of the material and its subsequent low performance compared with the water-soluble P. The low reactivity and the high molar mass of PO43-/CO32- of the TPR will always make it difficult for P to be made available from the TPR despite the acidity of the soil, the high density of the crops and the ability of the tested crops to exude organic acids, which facilitate phosphorus availability from TPR, therefore making TPR unsuitable for direct application.

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Dissolution of phosphate rock fertilisers in some soils of Okinawa, Japan

Soil Research ◽

10.1071/s98061 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 37 (1) ◽

pp. 115 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Daniel E. Dodor ◽

Yoshihiro Tokashiki ◽

Kazuhiro Oya ◽

Moritaka Shimo

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Regression Model ◽

Soil Properties ◽

Phosphate Rock ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Direct Application ◽

Primary Concern ◽

Rapid Estimation ◽

Rate Of Dissolution

The ability of phosphate rock (PR) to dissolve rapidly in soil is a primary concern in its direct application as P fertiliser. The dissolution of 4 PR materials (Togo, South Africa, Florida, Morocco PRs) in 15 soil samples in Okinawa was investigated in a closed-incubation system for 7 days. The fertilisers were mixed with the soils at rates of addition of 600–1200 µg Ca/g soil. The extent and rate of dissolution of the PRs were determined by measuring the increase in extractable Ca of the fertilised soils compared with unfertilised soils, i.e. the delta Ca (ΔCa) technique. Generally, the amounts of dissolution of 3 of the PRs were very low (mean 6·7% for Togo PR, 13·6% for South Africa PR, and 20·8% for Florida PR). However, Morocco PR dissolved to an appreciable extent (mean 60·8%), suggesting that it can be an alternative P source, especially in the red and yellow soils of Okinawa. Soil properties identified as affecting dissolution were different for the different PRs. In order to predict the suitability of Morocco PR for Okinawan soils, the extent of its dissolution was related to soil properties in a multiple regression analysis. Results indicated that the best regression model for predicting the amount of dissolution was the combination of pH, Ca saturation, and Truog P (r2 = 0·55**). Measured values of percentage dissolution of Morocco PR were significantly correlated with calculated percentages (r = 0·844***), indicating that the equation obtained could offer a rapid estimation of amount of dissolution of Morocco PR in Okinawan soils.

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Dynamic of Chemical and Biological Properties of Inceptisols Cilembu due to Phosphate Rock Nanoparticle Amendment and Phosphate-Solubilizing Fungi Inoculation

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1044.121 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1044 ◽

pp. 121-131

Author(s):

Pujawati Suryatmana ◽

Muhammad Amir Solihin ◽

Rina Devnita ◽

Fajri Syahid Nurhakim ◽

Apong Sandrawati ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phosphate Rock ◽

Rock Phosphate ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Exchange Capacity ◽

Limiting Factors ◽

Available P ◽

Independent Effect ◽

Natural Material ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Phosphate Solubilizing

Cilembu's Inceptisols have great potential for agriculture. However, land management has several limiting factors: the available phosphate content, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and low population of functional soil organisms. Rock phosphate is a natural material that can increase the availability of P nutrient. Application of rock phosphate as an ameliorant in nanoparticle size and inoculation of phosphate-solubilizing fungi (PSF) is a strategy that can be implemented to address the Inceptisols constraints. However, the dynamic of chemical and biological characteristics of Cilembu Inceptisols due to amendment of phosphate rock nanoparticle (PRNp) and phosphate solubilizing fungi (PSF) inoculation is not yet understood clearly. To know the dynamics of the chemical and biological properties of the soil due to the treatment of these materials is an essential aspect for strategy and planning in its proper application to improve the properties of Inceptisols. The completely randomized design (CRD) was used in this study, with a factorial pattern, consisting of the first factor being the amendment of rock phosphate nanoparticle and the second factor being the PSF inoculation. The observation was carried out in a month interval, with a three-month incubation. The result showed there was no interaction between phosphate rock nanoparticle amendment and PSF inoculation on pH-H2O, available P, CEC, and abundance of PSF population. The independent effect showed that a characteristic pattern of pH and available P values during two months of observation was increasing by PRNp amendment. Meanwhile, inoculation of PSF did not increase soil pH and P-available. The value of CEC and the population of PSF did not increase significantly during the three-month incubation. The dose of phosphate rock nanoparticle 2% (wt/wt) increased the highest available P.

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