When Tenants Claimed the City

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Gold
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Urban Communities ◽  
Urban Neighborhoods ◽  
World War ◽  
Racially Diverse ◽  
Postwar America ◽  
Living Together ◽  
The City

In postwar America, not everyone wanted to move out of the city and into the suburbs. For decades before World War II, New York's tenants had organized to secure renters' rights. After the war, tenant activists raised the stakes by challenging the newly dominant ideal of homeownership in racially segregated suburbs. They insisted that renters as well as owners had rights to stable, well-maintained homes, and they proposed that racially diverse urban communities held a right to remain in place—a right that outweighed owners' rights to raise rents, redevelop properties, or exclude tenants of color. Further, the activists asserted that women could participate fully in the political arenas where these matters were decided. Grounded in archival research and oral history, this book shows that New York City's tenant movement made a significant claim to citizenship rights that came to accrue, both ideologically and legally, to homeownership in postwar America. The book emphasizes the centrality of housing to the racial and class reorganization of the city after the war, the prominent role of women within the tenant movement, and their fostering of a concept of “urban community rights” grounded in their experience of living together in heterogeneous urban neighborhoods.

“We Are the Only Wonderful Things”

2020 ◽  
pp. 269-314
Author(s):  
Melissa J. Homestead
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
World War ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
Greenwich Village ◽  
Park Avenue ◽  
Living Together ◽  
Permanent Home ◽  
Desert Island ◽  
The City

After losing their Greenwich Village apartment in 1927, Cather and Lewis had no permanent home in New York City, living together instead at the Grosvenor Hotel when both were in the city. In 1932, they finally leased an apartment on Park Avenue. The first half of this chapter reconstructs their life together in the 1930s and 1940s living on Park Avenue and traveling to Europe and Mt. Desert Island in Maine. The chapter includes their responses to the Great Depression and World War II, the formation of new friendships and maintenance of old ones, the deeper intertwining of their families, and Cather’s declining health. After describing Cather’s death and burial, the second half of the chapter tells the story of Edith Lewis’s mourning for Cather in the years immediately after Cather’s death and her work as Cather’s literary executor.

“The Child Is Never Basically Bad”

2019 ◽  
pp. 13-38
Author(s):  
Carl Suddler
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
York City ◽  
Juvenile Justice System ◽  
Youth Crime ◽  
World War ◽  
Criminal Behaviors ◽  
Depression Era ◽  
The City

This chapter focuses on the juvenile justice system and its related efforts to address youth crime in New York City before World War II. From the 1930s to the onset of the war, there was a nationwide tension about how to address crime. In New York City, this debate had racial, political, and social implications that persisted beyond the period. On one side, there were those, such as New York City mayor Fiorello La Guardia, who believed crime in the city was rampant and that an increased carceral sovereignty, including preventive policing, was critical to establish order. On the other side, there were those, such as Jane M. Bolin, who rejected such logic and aspired to advance a neo-Progressive rationale that emphasized the correction of social ills contributing to criminal behaviors—regardless of the numbers. This chapter provides a sketch of Harlem during the Depression era, with an emphasis on black youths and various crime-prevention effortsthey encountered.

Community Services: Contrasts Between Resident and Nonresident Landowners in the Adirondack Region of New York

1975 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-142
Author(s):  
Robert G. Craig ◽  
Harry P. Mapp
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
The United States ◽  
Community Services ◽  
World War ◽  
Revolutionary Change ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
The Public

“There is more than enough evidence to show that the states and localities, far from being weak sisters, have actually been carrying the brunt of domestic governmental progress in the United States ever since the end of World War II … Moreover, they have been largely responsible for undertaking the truly revolutionary change in the role of government in the United States that has occurred over the past decade.”–Daniel J. Elazar, The Public Interest

Introduction: music, the city and the modern experience

Urban History ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 597-605
Author(s):  
MARKIAN PROKOPOVYCH
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Black Music ◽  
Cultural Industry ◽  
World War ◽  
Modern Experience ◽  
The City

It is somewhat surprising that music has only recently become a serious subject for urban historians. Musicologists and music historians, urban geographers, planners and all others who deal with diverse aspects of local development, cultural industry and the built environment have fared much better in tackling the fundamental social implications of music in a particular locality. It is not an accident that, for example, the recent volume ofBuilt Environment, ‘Music and the city’, edited by an economic geographer, Robert C. Kloosterman, deals with urban spaces of creativity and the role of black music today, some of which have by now an ascribed ‘urban’ adjective in North America.1It is also only natural, however, that Kloosterman's enquiry should concentrate on music in the city of the present and rarely venture into the time periods before World War II.

scholarly journals Silent hero. The metaphorical role of the ruins of Warsaw in Polish fiction films from 1949 to 1960

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (31) ◽  
pp. 55-64
Author(s):  
Barbara Giza
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Strong Tendency ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
World War ◽  
Feature Films ◽  
The City

The article is an analysis of the image of ruins of Warsaw in Polish feature films after World War II. There is a strong tendency to connect this image with the current political (and psychological) situation, from the enthusiasm of rebuilding Warsaw just after the war to the depressive moods of the late fifties and sixties. The ruins of the city are depicted as a symbol of political and social changes in Poland in this article.

Race Policy, Race Violence, and Race Reform in the U.S. Army During World War II

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-167
Author(s):  
Daniel Kryder
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
World War ◽  
National Unity ◽  
Black Soldiers ◽  
War Department ◽  
The One ◽  
The City

No ceremonies marked the fiftieth anniversary of the wartime riots in New York, Los Angeles, Beaumont, Detroit, and Mobile. American political culture, if not recent historical analysis, continues to associate “the Good War” with national unity rather than unrest. But race tension was palpable to contemporaries. For example, ten months prior to Pearl Harbor and six months before a deadly shoot-out between black soldiers and white military policemen occurred in Fayetteville, North Carolina, that town had already earned the nickname “Uncle Sam's Powder Keg.” Less than ten miles from the city lay Fort Bragg, the nation's largest army camp, and visitors sensed a “seething undercurrent” of race friction coursing through the camp and the city. Thousands of black artillery trainees visited the downtown area each week, drinking and milling about in the streets. Because very few establishments welcomed their business, there was little else for them to do. A cab driver, asked about the city's hostile mood, replied that “the trouble is not ‘Is there trouble,’ but ‘What kind of trouble is it going to be and when is it going to pop?’” Similar questions animate this research, which explores the relationship between the Second World War mobilization and War Department practices and policies, on the one hand, and racial confrontations and violence involving soldiers, on the other.

Remembering Joseph A. Pechman, 1918–1989

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 121-124
Author(s):  
Henry J Aaron
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
World War ◽  
Brookings Institution ◽  
City College ◽  
University Of Wisconsin ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The University ◽  
The City ◽  
Treasury Department

Joe Pechman joined the staff of the Brookings Institution in 1960. He graduated from the City College of New York in 1937 and the University of Wisconsin in 1942. During World War II, he worked in the war time Office of Price Administration and later served in the U.S. Army. After the war he worked in the Treasury Department, the staff of the Council of Economic Advisers, and the Committee for Economic Development, a policy-oriented organization sponsored by major businesses. Before and after coming to Brookings he taught at M.I.T., Yale, Stanford (twice), Georgetown, Dartmouth, and Williams College. He was a fellow at the Center for Advanced Studies in the Behavioral Sciences and at the Hoover Institution, both at Stanford University.

The border as pain and remedy: commemorating the Polish – Ukrainian conflict of 1918-1919 in Lviv and Przemyśl

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 242-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Zhurzhenko
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Ethnic Communities ◽  
World War ◽  
Memory Politics ◽  
Military Conflict ◽  
War Memorials ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City

The fight for Lwów/Lviv in 1918 was the first military conflict in the difficult twentieth-century history of Polish–Ukrainian relations. In the inter-war period, an impressive military memorial, the Eaglets Cemetery, was constructed in Lwów to honor the young defenders of the city. A monument to the Eaglets was also erected in the neighboring Przemyśl. In inter-war Poland, the Ukrainians, who had lost their cause for state independence, created their own cult of national heroes, the Sich Riflemen. Their graves in Lwów and Przemyśl, as well as in many smaller towns, became sites of public commemoration and national mobilization. This article traces the emergence, the development and the post-World War II decay of both competing memorial cults, focusing on their revival and political uses after 1989. It examines the trans-border aspects of memory politics in Lviv and Przemyśl and analyses the role of war memorials in (re-)establishing the link between ethnic communities and their homelands.

“A Time of Struggle”

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Gold
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Rent Control ◽  
Housing Crisis ◽  
World War ◽  
Housing Shortage ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
The City ◽  
New Yorkers

This chapter examines the unprecedented housing crisis that erupted in New York City at the end of World War II. At the end of the war, New Yorkers faced their worst housing shortage ever. The housing supply that had already been inadequate for the city's population and contained many substandard tenements had fallen even further behind, as construction virtually ceased during the Great Depression and the war. Meanwhile, demand was rising. Even the worst slum apartments found a market among African Americans who were moving north and discovering that de facto segregation confined them to a few crowded neighborhoods. By 1950, census figures showed that the city required an additional 430,000 dwelling units to properly house its population. This chapter looks at the rise of tenant activists and how they addressed the housing crisis via grassroots mobilizations in concert with leftist and liberal organizations, allowing them not only to retain, but also to institutionalize, the signal achievements of rent control and public housing.

scholarly journals MILANO E LE ESPOSIZIONI UNIVERSALI: TRA LAVORO, TECNICA E CONSUMI

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuela Scarpellini
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
New Media ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
World War ◽  
Cultural Paradigms ◽  
International Exhibitions ◽  
The Many ◽  
The City ◽  
International Fair

The paper analyzes the reasons that made Milan the “City of Fairs” for over a century. The hypothesis is that the city has been able to interpret and disseminate the cultural paradigms linked to the idea of development that have led the growth of the city itself and the entire country. It deals primarily with the cultural factors underlying the creation of large international exhibitions, starting with the London Fair in1951 and the Paris Fair in 1889, showing their presence in the International Fair of Milan in 1906. Particularly strong are the aspects linked to nationalistic affirmation, faith in science and work, and the use of new forms of spectacle. The essay then analyzes the fracture caused by World War II and the many changes following it, both regarding the places of fairs and the underlying cultural messages. It emerges a new awareness about the role of consumption and, over time, different forms of spectacle trying to adapt to the new media. In this context also the Milan Fair in 2015 seems to be fully representative of the actual cultural change.

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