scholarly journals Identification of strA-strB Genes in Streptomycin-Resistant Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae Biovar 2 Strains Isolated in Korea

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 489-493
Author(s):  
Young Sun Lee ◽  
Gyoung Hee Kim ◽  
Young Jin Koh ◽  
Jae Sung Jung
Keyword(s):  
Point Mutation ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Streptomycin Resistance ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Canker ◽  
Canker Disease ◽  
Resistant Strains

Bacterial canker is a devastating disease of kiwifruit caused by the bacterium <i>Pseudomonas syringe</i> pv. <i>actinidiae</i>. Canker disease of kiwifruit in Korea has been controlled using streptomycin for more than two decades. Four streptomycin-resistant strains, belonging to biovar 2, which are found only in Korea, were collected between 2013 and 2014 from different orchards located in Jeju, Korea. The genetic background for streptomycin resistance among <i>P. syringe</i> pv. <i>actinidiae</i> strains were determined by examining the presence of <i>strA</i>-<i>strB</i> or <i>aadA</i>, which are genes frequently found in streptomycin-resistant bacteria, and a point mutation at codon 43 in the <i>rpsL</i> gene. All four streptomycin-resistant strains of <i>P. syringe</i> pv. <i>actinidiae</i> investigated in this study contained <i>strA</i>-<i>strB</i> as a resistant determinant. The presence of the <i>aadA</i> gene and a mutation in codon 43 of the <i>rpsL</i> gene was not identified.

scholarly journals Identification of Bacteriophages for Biocontrol of the Kiwifruit Canker Phytopathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae

2014 ◽  
Vol 80 (7) ◽  
pp. 2216-2228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebekah A. Frampton ◽  
Corinda Taylor ◽  
Angela V. Holguín Moreno ◽  
Sandra B. Visnovsky ◽  
Nicola K. Petty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Pulse Field ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Canker ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Narrow Host Range ◽  
Pulse Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Isolation And Characterization

ABSTRACTPseudomonas syringaepv. actinidiae is a reemerging pathogen which causes bacterial canker of kiwifruit (Actinidiasp.). Since 2008, a global outbreak ofP. syringaepv. actinidiae has occurred, and in 2010 this pathogen was detected in New Zealand. The economic impact and the development of resistance inP. syringaepv. actinidiae and other pathovars against antibiotics and copper sprays have led to a search for alternative management strategies. We isolated 275 phages, 258 of which were active againstP. syringaepv. actinidiae. Extensive host range testing onP. syringaepv. actinidiae, other pseudomonads, and bacteria isolated from kiwifruit orchards showed that most phages have a narrow host range. Twenty-four were analyzed by electron microscopy, pulse-field gel electrophoresis, and restriction digestion. Their suitability for biocontrol was tested by assessing stability and the absence of lysogeny and transduction. A detailed host range was performed, phage-resistant bacteria were isolated, and resistance to other phages was examined. The phages belonged to theCaudoviralesand were analyzed based on morphology and genome size, which showed them to be representatives ofMyoviridae,Podoviridae, andSiphoviridae. Twenty-oneMyoviridaemembers have similar morphologies and genome sizes yet differ in restriction patterns, host range, and resistance, indicating a closely related group. Nine of theseMyoviridaemembers were sequenced, and each was unique. The most closely related sequenced phages were a group infectingPseudomonas aeruginosaand characterized by phages JG004 and PAK_P1. In summary, this study reports the isolation and characterization ofP. syringaepv. actinidiae phages and provides a framework for the intelligent formulation of phage biocontrol agents against kiwifruit bacterial canker.

scholarly journals Relationships between kiwifruit bacterial canker disease and kiwifruit productivity

2014 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 34-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.J. Froud ◽  
N. Cogger ◽  
R.M. Beresford
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Virulent Strain ◽  
Bacterial Canker ◽  
Infection Status ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Canker Disease ◽  
Productivity Data ◽  
The Relationship

Bacterial canker disease caused by a virulent strain of Pseudomonas syringae pv actinidiae (PsaV) has affected kiwifruit vines in New Zealand since 2010 This study investigated the association of PsaV with productivity within Hayward and Hort16A varieties PsaV infection status and date of diagnosis for 3309 infected orchards were provided by Kiwifruit Vine Health while Zespri provided productivity data Linear regression models were constructed to determine the relationship between production and PsaV infection in Hayward and Hort16A orchards Results showed a significant relationship between the numbers of weeks PsaV was detected in Hort16A orchards and a reduction in productivity This was likely due to the removal of Hort16A vines or productive areas of canopy in response to the presence of severe symptoms within an orchard A similar significant relationship was also found in Hayward orchards although the reduction in productivity was smaller and took longer to develop than in Hort16A

scholarly journals Transposon Mutagenesis of Pseudomonas syringae Pathovars syringae and morsprunorum to Identify Genes Involved in Bacterial Canker Disease of Cherry

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1328
Author(s):  
Helen C. Neale ◽  
Michelle T. Hulin ◽  
Richard J. Harrison ◽  
Robert W. Jackson ◽  
Dawn L. Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Type Iii Secretion ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Primary Metabolism ◽  
Bacterial Canker ◽  
Amino Acid Synthesis ◽  
Canker Disease ◽  
Race 1 ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae Pathovars

Bacterial canker of Prunus, affecting economically important stone fruit crops including cherry, peach, apricot and plum, is caused by the plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae (P.s.). Strains from two pathovars—P.s. pv. syringae (Pss) and P.s. pv. morsprunorum race 1 (PsmR1) and 2 (PsmR2)—in three phylogenetically distant clades have convergently evolved to infect Prunus. The bacteria enter woody tissues through wounds and leaf scars, causing black necrotic cankers. Symptoms are also produced on blossom, fruit and leaves. Little is known about the mechanisms P.s. uses to colonise tree hosts such as Prunus. Here, we created transposon (Tn) mutant libraries in one strain of P.s. from each of the three clades and screened the mutants on immature cherry fruit to look for changes in virulence. Mutants (242) with either reduced or enhanced virulence were detected and further characterised by in vitro screens for biofilm formation, swarming ability, and pathogenicity on leaves and cut shoots. In total, 18 genes affecting virulence were selected, and these were involved in diverse functions including motility, type III secretion, membrane transport, amino acid synthesis, DNA repair and primary metabolism. Interestingly, mutation of the effector gene, hopAU1, led to an increase in virulence of Psm R2.

scholarly journals Phage PPPL-1, a New Biological Agent to Control Bacterial Canker Caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae in Kiwifruit

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 554
Author(s):  
Yu-Rim Song ◽  
Nguyen Trung Vu ◽  
Jungkum Park ◽  
In Sun Hwang ◽  
Hyeon-Ju Jeong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Bacterial Canker ◽  
Control Efficacy ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Canker Disease ◽  
Recent Emergence ◽  
Phage Cocktail

Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa) is a Gram-negative bacterium that causes bacterial canker disease in kiwifruit. Copper or antibiotics have been used in orchards to control this disease, but the recent emergence of antibiotic-resistant Psa has called for the development of a new control agent. We previously reported that the bacteriophage (or phage) PPPL-1 showed antibacterial activity for both biovar 2 and 3 of Psa. To investigate the possibility of PPPL-1 to control bacterial canker in kiwifruit, we further tested the efficacy of PPPL-1 and its phage cocktail with two other phages on suppressing disease development under greenhouse conditions using 6 weeks old kiwifruit plants. Our results showed that the disease control efficacy of PPPL-1 treatment was statistically similar to those of phage cocktail treatment or AgrimycinTM, which contains streptomycin and oxytetracycline antibiotics as active ingredients. Moreover, PPPL-1 could successfully kill streptomycin-resistant Psa isolates, of which the treatment of BuramycinTM carrying only streptomycin as an active ingredient had no effect in vitro. The phage PPPL-1 was further characterized, and stability assays showed that the phage was stable in the field soil and at low temperature of 0 ± 2 °C. In addition, the phage could be scaled up quickly up to 1010 pfu/mL at 12 h later from initial multiplicity of infection of 0.000005. Our results indicate that PPPL-1 phage is a useful candidate as a biocontrol agent and could be a tool to control the bacterial canker in kiwifruit by Psa infection in the field conditions.

scholarly journals Copper Resistance in Pseudomonas syringae Strains Isolated from Mango Is Encoded Mainly by Plasmids

2002 ◽  
Vol 92 (8) ◽  
pp. 909-916 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco M. Cazorla ◽  
Eva Arrebola ◽  
Ane Sesma ◽  
Alejandro Pérez-García ◽  
Juan C. Codina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Bordeaux Mixture ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Copper Resistance ◽  
Enzyme Analysis ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Restriction Enzyme Analysis ◽  
Cupric Sulfate ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Resistant Strains

Bacterial apical necrosis of mango, elicited by Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae, limits fruit production in southern Spain and Portugal. Examination of a collection of P. syringae pv. syringae isolates for copper resistance showed that 59% were resistant to cupric sulfate. The survey of a mango orchard revealed an increase in frequencies of copper-resistant bacteria after repeated treatments with Bordeaux mixture. These data suggest that selection of copper-resistant strains could be a major reason for control failures following management with copper bactericides. Most copper-resistant isolates harbored plasmids, although the majority of them contained a 62-kb plasmid that also was present in copper-sensitive strains. The 62-kb plasmids were differentiated by restriction enzyme analysis and hybridization to copABCD DNA. The most frequently found copper-resistant plasmid type (62.1) was transferable by conjugation. Southern blot hybridizations showed that genetic determinants partially homologous to copABCD were present in all the copper-resistant strains examined, and usually were associated with plasmids; these determinants were not detected in copper-sensitive strains. The selective pressure exerted by copper bactericide sprays on the diversity of copper resistance determinants in bacterial populations of mango is discussed.

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