scholarly journals Copper Resistance in Pseudomonas syringae Strains Isolated from Mango Is Encoded Mainly by Plasmids

2002 ◽  
Vol 92 (8) ◽  
pp. 909-916 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco M. Cazorla ◽  
Eva Arrebola ◽  
Ane Sesma ◽  
Alejandro Pérez-García ◽  
Juan C. Codina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Bordeaux Mixture ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Copper Resistance ◽  
Enzyme Analysis ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Restriction Enzyme Analysis ◽  
Cupric Sulfate ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Resistant Strains

Bacterial apical necrosis of mango, elicited by Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae, limits fruit production in southern Spain and Portugal. Examination of a collection of P. syringae pv. syringae isolates for copper resistance showed that 59% were resistant to cupric sulfate. The survey of a mango orchard revealed an increase in frequencies of copper-resistant bacteria after repeated treatments with Bordeaux mixture. These data suggest that selection of copper-resistant strains could be a major reason for control failures following management with copper bactericides. Most copper-resistant isolates harbored plasmids, although the majority of them contained a 62-kb plasmid that also was present in copper-sensitive strains. The 62-kb plasmids were differentiated by restriction enzyme analysis and hybridization to copABCD DNA. The most frequently found copper-resistant plasmid type (62.1) was transferable by conjugation. Southern blot hybridizations showed that genetic determinants partially homologous to copABCD were present in all the copper-resistant strains examined, and usually were associated with plasmids; these determinants were not detected in copper-sensitive strains. The selective pressure exerted by copper bactericide sprays on the diversity of copper resistance determinants in bacterial populations of mango is discussed.

Occurrence of cop-like copper resistance genes among bacteria isolated from a water distribution system

1995 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 642-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuzhao Lin ◽  
Betty H. Olson
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Copper Resistance ◽  
Copper Tolerance ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Copper Resistance Genes

The occurrence of cop-like copper resistance determinants homologous to the cop genes of Pseudomonas syringae among bacteria isolated from a water distribution system experiencing copper corrosion was investigated in this study. It was found that at least 49% of the copper-resistant bacteria and less than 15% of the copper-sensitive isolates possessed a cop homolog. The occurrence of this determinant in the copper-resistant population correlated with the degree of copper tolerance exhibited by the bacteria. The effect of organic substances present in the culture media on the empirical degree of bacterial copper tolerance is also discussed.Key words: copper resistance genes, water distribution system, cop.

Identification of a chromosomal region required for biosynthesis of the phytotoxin coronatine by Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato

1989 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 910-917 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Moore ◽  
A. N. Starratt ◽  
S.-W. Ma ◽  
V. L. Morris ◽  
D. A. Cuppels
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Chromosomal Region ◽  
Enzyme Analysis ◽  
Restriction Enzyme Analysis ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Tomato Dc3000 ◽  
Indigenous Plasmid ◽  
Insertion Sites ◽  
Resistant Mutants

Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato produces the chlorosis-inducing phytotoxin coronatine. Five of 3700 (0.13%) kanamycin-resistant mutants generated by random Tn5 mutagenesis were unable to synthesize this toxin. Clone pEC18, isolated from a cosmid pLAFR1 library of wild-type P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000 genomic DNA, complemented four of the mutants. Restriction enzyme analysis of pEC18 and corresponding clones from the four mutants indicated that the Tn5 insertion sites of these four mutants spanned a 19-kb region of DC3000 genomic DNA. Complementation tests with subclones of pEC18 confirmed the relative locations of the Tn5 insertions. Because pEC18 did not complement all five mutants or confer the ability to produce toxin on nonproducing P. syringae pathovars, sequences outside this cloned region must also be involved in toxin synthesis. As demonstrated by Southern blot analysis, this cloned region was not on the 68-kb indigenous plasmid of DC3000. The only P. syringae pathovars with DNA homologous to sequences within the coronatine gene cluster were the coronatine producers P. syringae pv. tomato, P. syringae pv. atropurpurea, and P. syringae pv. glycinea. Since the hybridization patterns of these toxin producers were identical, this locus is highly conserved and appears crucial to the synthesis of coronatine.Key words: coronatine, phytotoxin mutants, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato.

scholarly journals Identification of strA-strB Genes in Streptomycin-Resistant Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae Biovar 2 Strains Isolated in Korea

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 489-493
Author(s):  
Young Sun Lee ◽  
Gyoung Hee Kim ◽  
Young Jin Koh ◽  
Jae Sung Jung
Keyword(s):  
Point Mutation ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Streptomycin Resistance ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Canker ◽  
Canker Disease ◽  
Resistant Strains

Bacterial canker is a devastating disease of kiwifruit caused by the bacterium <i>Pseudomonas syringe</i> pv. <i>actinidiae</i>. Canker disease of kiwifruit in Korea has been controlled using streptomycin for more than two decades. Four streptomycin-resistant strains, belonging to biovar 2, which are found only in Korea, were collected between 2013 and 2014 from different orchards located in Jeju, Korea. The genetic background for streptomycin resistance among <i>P. syringe</i> pv. <i>actinidiae</i> strains were determined by examining the presence of <i>strA</i>-<i>strB</i> or <i>aadA</i>, which are genes frequently found in streptomycin-resistant bacteria, and a point mutation at codon 43 in the <i>rpsL</i> gene. All four streptomycin-resistant strains of <i>P. syringe</i> pv. <i>actinidiae</i> investigated in this study contained <i>strA</i>-<i>strB</i> as a resistant determinant. The presence of the <i>aadA</i> gene and a mutation in codon 43 of the <i>rpsL</i> gene was not identified.

scholarly journals Biology and Control of Bacterial Leaf Blight of Cornus mas

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 721-724 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.T. Mmbaga ◽  
E.C. Nnodu
Keyword(s):  
Disease Management ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Bordeaux Mixture ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Bacterial Leaf Blight ◽  
Cupric Sulfate ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Cornus Mas ◽  
Young Leaves

Cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) has been free of disease and pest problems until recently when a bacterial leaf blight caused by Pseudomonas syringae was reported. Since its first observation in middle Tennessee in 1999, the disease has become endemic in the nursery where it was first discovered. The objective of this study was to assess the disease, evaluate factors that favor disease development, and develop disease management strategies. Cool temperatures of 20 to 24 °C (day) and 10 to 15 °C (night) were most favorable to the disease and young leaves were highly susceptible while mature leaves were resistant to infection. Leaf wounding increased the susceptibility of leaves and mature leaves developed infection at 28 °C, temperature at which nonwounded leaves were completely resistant to infection. Results from this study also showed that plant propagation from seemingly healthy branches of infected plants may have perpetuated the disease at the nursery. Six chemicals—Phyton-27 (copper sulfate), Camelot (copper salt of fatty acids), Agri-Mycin 17 (streptomycin), Kocide 101 (copper hydroxide), Basicop (elemental copper 53%), and, Bordeaux mixture (cupric sulfate + lime) were evaluated for disease control. Phyton-27, and Agri-Mycin—were most effective and reduced disease severity to 10% of foliage showing disease symptoms. Information from this study will be useful in designing effective disease management strategies.

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of tet(M) Genes in Lactobacillus Isolates from Different Types of Fermented Dry Sausage

2003 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 1270-1275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk Gevers ◽  
Morten Danielsen ◽  
Geert Huys ◽  
Jean Swings
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
Molecular Study ◽  
Enzyme Analysis ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Restriction Enzyme Analysis ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
M Gene ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Dry Sausage

ABSTRACT The likelihood that products prepared from raw meat and milk may act as vehicles for antibiotic-resistant bacteria is currently of great concern in food safety issues. In this study, a collection of 94 tetracycline-resistant (Tcr) lactic acid bacteria recovered from nine different fermented dry sausage types were subjected to a polyphasic molecular study with the aim of characterizing the host organisms and the tet genes, conferring tetracycline resistance, that they carry. With the (GTG)5-PCR DNA fingerprinting technique, the Tcr lactic acid bacterial isolates were identified as Lactobacillus plantarum, L. sakei subsp. carnosus, L. sakei subsp. sakei, L. curvatus, and L. alimentarius and typed to the intraspecies level. For a selection of 24 Tcr lactic acid bacterial isolates displaying unique (GTG)5-PCR fingerprints, tet genes were determined by means of PCR, and only tet(M) was detected. Restriction enzyme analysis with AccI and ScaI revealed two different tet(M) allele types. This grouping was confirmed by partial sequencing of the tet(M) open reading frame, which indicated that the two allele types displayed high sequence similarities (>99.6%) with tet(M) genes previously reported in Staphylococcus aureus MRSA 101 and in Neisseria meningitidis, respectively. Southern hybridization with plasmid profiles revealed that the isolates contained tet(M)-carrying plasmids. In addition to the tet(M) gene, one isolate also contained an erm(B) gene on a different plasmid from the one encoding the tetracycline resistance. Furthermore, it was also shown by PCR that the tet(M) genes were not located on transposons of the Tn916/Tn1545 family. To our knowledge, this is the first detailed molecular study demonstrating that taxonomically and genotypically diverse Lactobacillus strains from different types of fermented meat products can be a host for plasmid-borne tet genes.

scholarly journals Effect of Copper Bactericides on Copper-Resistant and -Sensitive Strains of Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae

Plant Disease ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 397-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather J. Scheck ◽  
Jay W. Pscheidt
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Metallic Copper ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Wettable Powder ◽  
Plant Growth Stages ◽  
Cupric Hydroxide ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Effect Of Copper

Fourteen formulations of copper-based bactericides were evaluated for their efficacy in reducing populations of copper-resistant and -sensitive strains of Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae growing on tissue-cultured lilac and of copper-sensitive strains of this pathogen on field-grown lilac. The amount of free cupric ions (Cu2+) in solution was the only predictor of formulation efficacy, but this variable could not be estimated from the metallic copper content of the product. Relative to nontreated controls, all copper-based bactericides reduced the population size of copper-sensitive strains by 50%, but only cupric hydroxide mixed with mancozeb or ferric chloride reduced the population size of copper-resistant strains by an equivalent amount. Several noncopper bactericides, including streptomycin-sulfate, caused only small reductions in bacterial populations on tissue-cultured or field-grown lilacs. In the field, two applications of cupric hydroxide (wettable powder) when plant growth stages were at dormant (mid-February) and delayed dormant (late February) provided better control than either one or no treatments.

scholarly journals Independent Behavior of Commensal Flora for Carriage of Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Bacteria in Patients at Admission

2010 ◽  
Vol 54 (12) ◽  
pp. 5193-5200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoire de Lastours ◽  
Françoise Chau ◽  
Florence Tubach ◽  
Blandine Pasquet ◽  
Etienne Ruppé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Care Facility ◽  
Health Care Facility ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Commensal Flora ◽  
Resistant Strains

ABSTRACT The important role of commensal flora as a natural reservoir of bacterial resistance is now well established. However, whether the behavior of each commensal flora is similar to that of other floras in terms of rates of carriage and risk factors for bacterial resistance is unknown. During a 6-month period, we prospectively investigated colonization with fluoroquinolone-resistant bacteria in the three main commensal floras from hospitalized patients at admission, targeting Escherichia coli in the fecal flora, coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CNS) in the nasal flora, and α-hemolytic streptococci in the pharyngeal flora. Resistant strains were detected on quinolone-containing selective agar. Clinical and epidemiological data were collected. A total of 555 patients were included. Carriage rates of resistance were 8.0% in E. coli, 30.3% in CNS for ciprofloxacin, and 27.2% in streptococci for levofloxacin; 56% of the patients carried resistance in at least one flora but only 0.9% simultaneously in all floras, which is no more than random. Risk factors associated with the carriage of fluoroquinolone-resistant strains differed between fecal E. coli (i.e., colonization by multidrug-resistant bacteria) and nasal CNS (i.e., age, coming from a health care facility, and previous antibiotic treatment with a fluoroquinolone) while no risk factors were identified for pharyngeal streptococci. Despite high rates of colonization with fluoroquinolone-resistant bacteria, each commensal flora behaved independently since simultaneous carriage of resistance in the three distinct floras was uncommon, and risk factors differed. Consequences of environmental selective pressures vary in each commensal flora according to its local specificities (clinical trial NCT00520715 [http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00520715 ]).

scholarly journals Characterization of a Unique Chromosomal Copper Resistance Gene Cluster from Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria

2005 ◽  
Vol 71 (12) ◽  
pp. 8284-8291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huseyin Basim ◽  
Gerald V. Minsavage ◽  
Robert E. Stall ◽  
Jaw-Fen Wang ◽  
Savita Shanker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Sinorhizobium Meliloti ◽  
The United States ◽  
Copper Resistance ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Pepper Plant ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Copper Resistance Genes

ABSTRACT We characterized the copper resistance genes in strain XvP26 of Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria, which was originally isolated from a pepper plant in Taiwan. The copper resistance genes were localized to a 7,652-bp region which, based on pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and Southern hybridization, was determined to be located on the chromosome. These genes hybridized only weakly, as determined by Southern analysis, to other copper resistance genes in Xanthomonas and Pseudomonas strains. We identified five open reading frames (ORFs) whose products exhibited high levels of amino acid sequence identity to the products of previously reported copper genes. Mutations in ORF1, ORF3, and ORF4 removed copper resistance, whereas mutations in ORF5 resulted in an intermediate copper resistance phenotype and insertions in ORF2 had no effect on resistance conferred to a copper-sensitive recipient in transconjugant tests. Based on sequence analysis, ORF1 was determined to have high levels of identity with the CopR (66%) and PcoR (63%) genes in Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato and Escherichia coli, respectively. ORF2 and ORF5 had high levels of identity with the PcoS gene in E. coli and the gene encoding a putative copper-containing oxidoreductase signal peptide protein in Sinorhizobium meliloti, respectively. ORF3 and ORF4 exhibited 23% identity to the gene encoding a cation efflux system membrane protein, CzcC, and 62% identity to the gene encoding a putative copper-containing oxidoreductase protein, respectively. The latter two ORFs were determined to be induced following exposure to low concentrations of copper, while addition of Co, Cd, or Zn resulted in no significant induction. PCR analysis of 51 pepper and 34 tomato copper-resistant X. campestris pv. vesicatoria strains collected from several regions in Taiwan between 1987 and 2000 and nine copper-resistant strains from the United States and South America showed that successful amplification of DNA was obtained only for strain XvP26. The organization of this set of copper resistance genes appears to be uncommon, and the set appears to occur rarely in X. campestris pv. vesicatoria.

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