scholarly journals Restoration of European yew (Taxus baccata L.) in Mediterranean mountains: importance of seedling nursery fertilization and post-planting light levels

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. e041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan L. Nicolás Peragón ◽  
Luis F. Benito Matias ◽  
Jaime Puértolas Simón
Keyword(s):  
Light Availability ◽  
Fertilization Rate ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Light Environment ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Taxus Baccata ◽  
Root Growth Potential ◽  
Light Levels ◽  
Deep Shade ◽  
Mediterranean Mountains

<p><em>Aim of the study:</em> We studied the influence of nursery fertilization and post-planting light environment on the growth and survival of out-planted two-year-old yew (<em>Taxus baccata</em>) seedlings.</p><p><em>Area of study:</em> Post-planting performance was assessed at two sites in the Valsain Forest (Central Mountain Range, Segovia, Spain).</p><p><em>Materials and Methods:</em> Seedlings were grown using the same seed-lot, container type and fertirrigation schedule. A soluble fertilizer with two contrasting doses resulting in 239 and 376 mg N per seedling was applied during the whole culture period. Seedlings grown under the highest level of fertilization had greater root collar diameter, height, shoot to root ratio, root and shoot mass, and root growth potential before planting. Post-planting performance was assessed at two sites in the Valsain Forest (Central Mountain Range, Segovia, Spain). In each site, seedlings from both fertilization treatments were planted in three plots with contrasting light environment (full sunlight, and under <em>Pinus sylvestris</em> stands with moderate and deep shade conditions). Survival, diameter and height growth were monitored for six years.</p><p><em>Main results:</em> Nursery fertilization did not affect survival, but high fertilization enhanced post-planting growth. Survival was highest under deep shade conditions but growth in this microsite was lower than in higher light sites, revealing a trade-off for survival and growth across light levels.</p><p><em>Research highlights:</em> The lower fertilization rate used in this study was suitable to produce seedlings with acceptable quality. Planting under shaded conditions (light availability&lt;30%) is recommended to maximize the initial success of yew plantations in Mediterranean mountains.</p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong><em>Taxus baccata</em>; plant quality; field growth; survival; reforestation.</p>

Light environment and crown architecture of two temperate Vaccinium species: inherent growth rules versus degree of plasticity in light response

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (10) ◽  
pp. 1063-1077 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koji Kawamura ◽  
Hiroshi Takeda
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Light Response ◽  
Morphological Plasticity ◽  
Light Level ◽  
Light Environment ◽  
Crown Architecture ◽  
Light Levels ◽  
Deep Shade ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Architectural Traits

Light environment and crown architecture were investigated in two closely related species (deciduous Vaccinium hirtum and evergreen Vaccinium bracteatum) in a young and an old secondary forest. Light environment was determined by photographic estimation of light above ramets (30–500 cm tall). Crown architecture was examined to determine the effects of ramet age and light level on several architectural traits. In the young secondary forest, both species were mainly found in large gaps. In the old secondary forest, V. bracteatum persisted in deep shade, whereas V. hirtum was concentrated in small gaps. Vaccinium hirtum had narrower crowns and thinner stems than V. bracteatum, indicating lower structural costs in V. hirtum. Older ramets had greater total shoot extension (only V. bracteatum) and shorter length of the current-year shoots (markedly so in V. hirtum) than younger ramets. In higher light levels, V. bracteatum had greater aboveground growth and higher leaf area indices, whereas V. hirtum had only greater flowering intensity. Architectural traits were highly correlated with ramet age in V. hirtum, whereas these were mainly affected by light in V. bracteatum, indicating higher architectural plasticity in the latter species. The differences in architecture and its plasticity can be relevant for the segregation of light habitats between the species.Key words: light environment, crown architecture, leaf display, morphological plasticity, current-year shoot.

scholarly journals Yew (Taxus baccata L.) population dynamics in the Iberian Mediterranean Mountains: natural regeneration and expansion in East Central System (Spain)

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. eSC03
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Balaguer-Romano ◽  
Helios Sainz-Ollero ◽  
Fernando Vasco-Encuentra
Keyword(s):  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Recruitment Rate ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Taxus Baccata ◽  
Central System ◽  
Regeneration Rate ◽  
East Central ◽  
Mediterranean Mountains

Aim of study: To evaluate demographical dynamics of yew populations in the Iberian Mediterranean mountains in order to assess population trends and a hypothetical natural regeneration of the species.Area of study: Ayllón Mountain Range, Eastern end of Central Mountain Range, Spain.Material and methods: Afield survey was conducted on three yew groves, taking data of altitude, orientation, companion woody species, UTM coordinates, height, perimeter (at breast height, 120cm) and sex. Individuals were classified in four age groups, considering height and trunk perimeter: AgeGroup1, Seedling; AgeGroup2, Juvenile; AgeGroup3, Adult and AgeGroup4, Old. Finally Recruitment rate was calculated for each population.Main results: Surveyed yew populations include more than 1600 trees, showing elevated Recruitment rates, which indicates that there are more seedling and juvenile individuals (Group1 and Group2) than adult and old ones (Group3 and Group4).Research highlights: Surveyed yew populations show vigorous regeneration. These results lead us to reconsider the relictic character assigned to the species in the Iberian Mediterranean mountains.Key words: Ayllón; microclimatic; regeneration rate; relictic; survey.

scholarly journals Pre-breeding in Passiflora subrotunda Mast.: Morphological and Reproductive Characterization at Different Light Levels

HortScience ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (7) ◽  
pp. 949-957 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviane de Oliveira Souza ◽  
Margarete Magalhães Souza ◽  
Alex-Alan Furtado de Almeida ◽  
Joedson Pinto Barroso ◽  
Alexandre Pio Viana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Light Availability ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Fertilization Rate ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Light Levels ◽  
Self Compatibility ◽  
Qualitative Characters ◽  
Polar Area

Passiflora are ornamental plants that are appreciated as part of outdoor decor, composing pergolas and gardens, as well as in interior ornamentation where species tolerant to environments with less light availability are used. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of different levels of light and pot types on morphological and reproductive characteristics in Passiflora subrotunda and to support genetic breeding programs of ornamental passifloras. The conditions of 75% and 100% light favored vegetative morphological characteristics through the time (105 days). Floral characteristics also presented higher values along increasing light levels. All qualitative characters related to flower and plant coloration did not vary among genotypes. The species possesses diurnal anthesis and flowers throughout the year. Plants cultivated in concrete pots showed greater growth and flower production. Pollen grains (PGs) are large, with an isopolar form, a small polar area, and a long aperture, and amylaceous. Percentage of viable PG was high: above 97% using Alexander solution and reaching up to 91% with fluorescein diacetate. Stigmas were partially receptive during the flower’s opening period. Percentage of self-compatibility was lower, based on the higher fertilization rate through cross-pollination. These information will be used in planning of ornamental Passiflora-breeding programs, assisting in the selection of characteristics and breeding methods.

scholarly journals Light environment drives evolution of color vision genes in butterflies and moths

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yash Sondhi ◽  
Emily A. Ellis ◽  
Seth M. Bybee ◽  
Jamie C. Theobald ◽  
Akito Y. Kawahara
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Color Vision ◽  
Light Availability ◽  
High Light ◽  
Light Environment ◽  
Evolution Rate ◽  
Animal Evolution ◽  
Light Sensing ◽  
Rates Of Evolution ◽  
Gains And Losses

AbstractOpsins, combined with a chromophore, are the primary light-sensing molecules in animals and are crucial for color vision. Throughout animal evolution, duplications and losses of opsin proteins are common, but it is unclear what is driving these gains and losses. Light availability is implicated, and dim environments are often associated with low opsin diversity and loss. Correlations between high opsin diversity and bright environments, however, are tenuous. To test if increased light availability is associated with opsin diversification, we examined diel niche and identified opsins using transcriptomes and genomes of 175 butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera). We found 14 independent opsin duplications associated with bright environments. Estimating their rates of evolution revealed that opsins from diurnal taxa evolve faster—at least 13 amino acids were identified with higher dN/dS rates, with a subset close enough to the chromophore to tune the opsin. These results demonstrate that high light availability increases opsin diversity and evolution rate in Lepidoptera.

Root System Fibrosity of Sitka Spruce Transplants: Relationship with Root Growth Potential

1990 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. DEANS ◽  
C. LUNDBERG ◽  
M. G. R. CANNELL ◽  
M. B. MURRAY ◽  
L. J. SHEPPARD
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Root System ◽  
Sitka Spruce ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Root Growth Potential

Light availability and soil compaction influence the growth of underplanted Nothofagus following partial shelterwood harvest and soil scarification

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 998-1005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel P. Soto ◽  
Pablo J. Donoso ◽  
Christian Salas ◽  
Klaus J. Puettmann
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Light Availability ◽  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Basal Diameter ◽  
Heavy Machinery ◽  
Light Levels ◽  
Soil Scarification ◽  
Total Light ◽  
Nothofagus Dombeyi

We evaluated effects of topsoil scarification by heavy machinery on growth of two valuable, shade-intolerant tree species — Nothofagus dombeyi (Mirb.) Oerst. (evergreen and considered to be very plastic to different soil fertility levels) and Nothofagus alpina (Poepp. & Endl.) Oerst. (deciduous and considered to be sensitive to soil fertility) — seedlings that were underplanted in Nothofagus old-growth forests, which were subjected to shelterwood cuttings without the final cut in the Chilean Andes. We compared tree basal diameter growth as it responds to light availability and soil compaction (as measured by resistance to penetration) by fitting a growth model based on the Michaelis–Menten equation. Predicted growth of N. dombeyi was greater than N. alpina in high and low light levels; however, there were no significant differences between the species. Both species showed significant differences at high levels of penetration resistance (>2000 kPa). Differences for N. dombeyi occurred above ∼40% in total light, and differences occurred for N. alpina above ∼20% in total light. However, they were not different when compared at low and intermediate levels of penetration resistance. The results suggest that partial shelterwood cuts may provide adequate light levels to achieve appropriate growth of underplanted Nothofagus seedlings. However, if regeneration of N. alpina is desired, scarification of topsoil needs to be implemented with more caution in canopy openings, as traffic and soil removal by heavy machinery can have detrimental effects on growth of this species and other species that are more sensitive to soil compaction.

scholarly journals Root Growth Potential and Microsite Effects on Conifer Seedling Establishment in Northern Idaho

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 597
Author(s):  
Jacob A. Reely ◽  
Andrew S. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Seedling Quality ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Larix Occidentalis ◽  
Root Growth Potential ◽  
Western Larch ◽  
Neighborhood Conditions ◽  
Seedling Performance ◽  
Survival And Growth

Environmental conditions and seedling quality interact to produce complex patterns of seedling survival and growth. Root growth potential (RGP) is one metric of seedling quality that can be rapidly measured prior to planting, but the correlation of RGP and seedling performance is not consistent across studies. Site factors including microsite objects that cast shade and competing vegetation can also influence seedling performance. We examined the effects of RGP, presence/absence of a microsite object, and competition cover on the survival and growth of three native conifers to the Inland Northwest, USA, over 5 years. We found that RGP had no effect on the survival or growth of western larch (Larix occidentalis), Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca), and grand fir (Abies grandis) at a mesic north aspect site and a xeric south aspect site. Comparatively, the presence of a microsite increased the odds of survival by 37% for western larch and 158% for grand fir, while the absence of forb cover increased the odds of survival of western larch by 72% and of grand fir by 26%. Douglas fir was less sensitive to microsites and competition. The strong effects of neighborhood conditions around seedlings help inform silvicultural practices to enhance the establishment of western larch and grand fir, including planting seedlings near shading objects and competition control, while these practices may not be as important for Douglas fir.

Seed spacing and seedling biomass: Effect on root growth potential of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda)

New Forests ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
David B. South ◽  
Harry S. Larsen ◽  
James N. Boyer ◽  
Hans M. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Root Growth Potential ◽  
Seedling Biomass ◽  
Seed Spacing
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document