scholarly journals Role of the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in tolerance response against Armillaria mellea in lavender

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. e1008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cinta Calvet ◽  
Francesc Garcia-Figueres ◽  
Paulo Lovato ◽  
Amelia Camprubi
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis ◽  
Mycorrhizal Symbiosis ◽  
White Root Rot ◽  
Armillaria Mellea ◽  
Growing Medium ◽  
Tolerance Response

Lavender species form the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis and are at the same time highly susceptible to white root rot. In an attempt to evaluate the response of mycorrhizal <em>Lavandula angustifolia</em> L. to <em>Armillaria mellea </em>(Vahl:Fr) P. Kumm in a greenhouse experiment, plants were previously inoculated with an isolate of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus <em>Rhizophagus irregularis </em>(former <em>Glomus intraradices</em> BEG 72) and the influence of the pH growing medium on the plant-symbiont-pathogen interaction was tested in gnotobiotic autotrophic growth systems in which mycorrhizal inoculum was obtained from root organ cultures. After ten months growth dual-inoculated lavender plants grown in containers with a pasteurized substrate mixture produced a similar number of spikes than healthy plants and achieved equivalent plant diameter coverage. When the growing medium in the autotrophic systems was supplemented with calcium carbonate<sub>, </sub>the inoculation of lavender plantlets with <em>R. irregularis</em> at higher pH (7.0 and 8.5) media caused a significant decrease of <em>A. mellea</em> presence in plant roots, as detected by qPCR. Moreover, the observation of internal root mycorrhizal infection showed that the extent of mycorrhizal colonization increasedin plant rootsgrown at higher pH, indicating that tolerance to white root rot in lavender plants inoculated with <em>R. irregularis</em> could be associated to mycorrhizal establishment.

scholarly journals Identification of a cDNA from the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus Glomus intraradices that is Expressed During Mycorrhizal Symbiosis and Up-Regulated by N Fertilization

2002 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 360-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan M. Ruiz-Lozano ◽  
Carlos Collados ◽  
Rosa Porcel ◽  
Rosario Azcón ◽  
JoséM. Barea
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Gene Product ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Mycorrhizal Symbiosis ◽  
Transcript Accumulation ◽  
Reading Frame

A cDNA library was constructed with RNA from Glomus intraradices-colonized lettuce roots and used for differential screening. This allowed the identification of a cDNA (Gi-1) that was expressed only in mycorrhizal roots and was of fungal origin. The function of the gene product is unknown, because Gi-1 contained a complete open reading frame that was predicted to encode a protein of 157 amino acids which only showed little homology with glutamine synthetase from Helicobacter pylori. The time-course analysis of gene expression during the fungal life cycle showed that Gi-1 was expressed only during the mycorrhizal symbiosis and was not detected in dormant or germinating spores of G. intraradices. P fertilization did not significantly change the pattern of Gi-1 expression compared with that in the unfertilized treatment, whereas N fertilization (alone or in combination with P) considerably enhanced the Gi-1 transcript accumulation. This increase in gene expression correlated with plant N status and growth under such conditions. The possible role of the Gi-1 gene product in intermediary N metabolism of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis is further discussed.

Microtubules of the mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices in symbiosis with tomato roots

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Timonen ◽  
F A Smith ◽  
S E Smith
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Filamentous Fungi ◽  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Mycorrhizal Symbiosis ◽  
Tomato Roots ◽  
External Mycelium ◽  
First Time

In this study the presence and orientation of fungal microtubules were recorded in arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis for the first time. Visualization of the fungal microtubules was achieved by using a protocol specifically labelling only fungal tubulins. Microtubules of external mycelium, intraradical hyphae, arbuscules, and vesicles of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices Schenck & Smith were examined when in symbiosis with tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). Microtubules were organized as bundles in both external and intraradical hyphae. The bundles of microtubules extended directly from intraradical hyphae into the arbuscules, where the microtubules remained as bundles in the larger hyphae. In the fine fungal branches of the arbuscules, microtubules were seen as thinner filaments. Fungal microtubules were seen to connect the intraradical hyphae and arbuscules. In addition, microtubules of adjacent arbuscules could continue directly from one arbuscule to another. Microtubules reached to the basal cone of each vesicle, but the live vesicles, containing many nuclei, seemed devoid of any microtubular labelling.Key words: cytoskeleton, endomycorrhiza, filamentous fungi, tomato, tubulin, Zygomycota.

scholarly journals Is a Fully Established Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis Required for Bioprotection of Pisum sativum Roots against Aphanomyces euteiches?

2000 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Slezack ◽  
Eliane Dumas-Gaudot ◽  
Michel Paynot ◽  
Silvio Gianinazzi
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis ◽  
Mycorrhizal Symbiosis ◽  
Aphanomyces Euteiches ◽  
Chitinolytic Enzymes ◽  
Pea Roots

Bioprotection of pea roots against Aphanomyces euteiches by the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus G. mosseae was demonstrated to depend on a fully established symbiosis. This was related with induction of mycorrrhiza-related chitinolytic enzymes. Possible mechanisms implicated in bioprotection are discussed.

scholarly journals The Effect of Trichoderma harzianum and Arbuscular Mycorrhizae on Fusarium Root Rot in Asparagus

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura L. Arriola ◽  
Mary K. Hausbeck ◽  
John Rogers ◽  
Gene R. Safir
Keyword(s):  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Asparagus Officinalis ◽  
Fusarium Root Rot ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Shoot Mass

Commercially available biocontrol agents Trichoderma harzianum Rifai and the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices Schenck and Smith were tested for their efficacy in controlling fusarium root rot in potted asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) seedlings. High and low concentrations of Fusarium oxysporum (Schlect.) emend. Snyd. & Hans. f. sp. asparagi Cohen & Heald (FOA) were combined with G. intraradices and/or T. harzianum treatments. In both experiments included in this study, T. harzianum and G. intraradices alone and in combination effectively reduced root rot caused by FOA when asparagus seedlings were grown in low levels of FOA-infested medium. When seedlings were grown in high levels of FOA-infested medium, the combination of T. harzianum + G. intraradices significantly increased dry shoot mass and limited root rot compared to the control.

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