growing medium
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Author(s):  
Slamet Santosa ◽  
Eddy Soekendarsi ◽  
Dody Priosambodo ◽  
Abdul Hayat Kasim

Growing media that contain organic materials can provide nutrients and water for plants. This study analyzed the availability and effects of nutrients and water, N and P resorption, and growth of teak seedlings under drought stress. The growing medium was made from ultisol soil (M1), ultisol soil with husk charcoal (M2), ultisol soil with chicken manure (M3), and ultisol soil with compost (M4), then planted with teak seeds. Maintenance was conducted by field capacity watering for 30 days. Teak seedlings were treated with drought stress for 90 days. Based on the analysis, growing media total N ranged from 0.19 to 0.28%, total P ranged from 0.10 to 0.17%, and water ranged from 11.40 to 16.20%. Teak seedling leaves contain N nutrient ranging from 0.34 to 0.95 % and P nutrient ranging from 0.04 to 0.16 %. The N resorption ability of teak seedlings ranged from 26 to 31%, and P resorption was around 20 to 25 %. The height growth of teak seedlings ranged from 80 to 115cm, the stem diameter from 1.4 to 1.8cm, the leaf area from 630 to 650cm2, and the thickness of the leaves from 545 to 462µm. Growing media made from ultisol soil and chicken manure (M3) produced the best water content, N and P resorption, and the growth of teak seedlings after 3 days of drought stress.


Agronomy ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 182
Author(s):  
Ana A. Robles-Aguilar ◽  
Oliver Grunert ◽  
Erik Meers ◽  
Nicolai D. Jablonowski

Viola x wittrockiana L. is an ornamental plant in high demand in horticulture. It is becoming more critical for greenhouse growers to focus on sustainable production to enhance plant quality while reducing negative environmental impacts. Therefore, assessing the effect of recycled phosphorous (P) and nitrogen (N) sources on the growth of viola could become very useful for producers in terms of sustainability. This experiment analysed the optimal fertiliser composition to grow viola using recovered fertilisers in a greenhouse trial under controlled conditions. Well-rooted viola plugs were grown in a standard peat-based growing medium. Using recycled sources of P and N as struvite and potassium struvite, ammonium sulphate, and ammonium nitrate, 14 fertiliser blends were prepared, tested, and compared with the slow-release commercial fertiliser Osmocote. Plants treated with ammonium nitrate showed healthy growth and optimal plant N concentrations. In contrast, most blends using the recovered ammonium sulphate resulted in an unacceptable increase of ammonium concentrations in the growing medium. The combination of ammonium sulphate and potassium sulphate caused an increase in the electrical conductivity in the growing medium, negatively affecting plant growth. However, blend 13 containing struvite, ammonium sulphate and potassium struvite expressed the best chemical composition with non-significant differences in the biomass from the positive controls, as it reduced the amount of potassium sulphate needed. Our results indicate that fertiliser blends containing P as struvite, N as ammonium nitrate or reduced amount of ammonium sulphate, and K as potassium struvite can substitute the use of mineral fertiliser blends to grow ornamental plant species as viola.


2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Kecoglu ◽  
Merve Sirkeci ◽  
Ayse Sen ◽  
Mehmet Burcin Unlu ◽  
Ugur Parlatan ◽  
...  

The salinity level of the growing medium has diverse effects on the development of plants, including both physical and biochemical changes. To determine the salt stress level of a plant endures, one can measure these structural and chemical changes. Raman spectroscopy and biochemical analysis are some of the most common techniques in the literature. Here, we present a combination of machine learning and Raman spectroscopy with which we can both find out the biochemical change that occurs while the medium salt concentration changes and predict the level of salt stress a wheat sample experiences accurately using our trained regression models. In addition, by applying different machine learning algorithms, we compare the level of success for different algorithms and determine the best method to use in this application. Production units can take actions based on the quantitative information they get from the trained machine learning models related to salt stress, which can potentially increase efficiency and avoid the loss of crops.


Author(s):  
Seda Bice Ataklı ◽  
Sezer Şahin ◽  
Sabriye Belgüzar

One of the most important factors that increase soil fertility is the amount of soil organic matter. One of the ways to increase soil organic matter is the addition of organic fertilizers. Yemsoy soybean cultivar was used in the study, and pot study was carried out in 3 replications according to the randomized blocks experimental design. In the study, three different fertilizer doses (EC 0- 0.5- 1), three different grape pomace compost (0- 20-40 %) were applied to the peat perlite mixture, and mycorrhiza and bacteria inoculation to these environments. At the end of a 60-day growing period, the plants were harvested from the top of the pot, and measurements were made. In the study, there was an increase in the above-ground fresh and dry weights, root fresh, and root dry weights of soybean plants grown with increasing fertilizer rates. The addition of compost to the growing medium, the addition of mycorrhiza, and bacteria caused different results in the investigated properties. The increase in compost and plant nutrition doses was effective in increasing plant growth.


Author(s):  
Seda Bice Ataklı ◽  
Sezer Şahin ◽  
Onur Sefa Alkaç

In this study, a pot study was carried out to reveal the effects of direct and foliar applications of humic acid to the growing medium in addition to basic fertilization on the development and plant quality characteristics of lily plants grown in peat + perlite medium. The experiment was carried out in an unheated greenhouse during the summer, in a greenhouse environment with a shade net on it. In the experiment, in addition to the control, the humic acid doses were 3.5 lt/da from soil, 7.5 lt/da from soil, 1.75 lt/da from leaf, 3.75 lt/da from leaf and soil + 3.5 lt/da from leaf + 1, It was applied 3 times as 75 lt/da. In the pot experiment established in three replications according to the randomized plots trial design, 10 lily bulbs were planted in each pot and humic acid applications were made at two-week intervals following plant emergence. In order to see the effect of the applications when the plant is harvested, the length of the flower stem (mm), the thickness of the flower stem (mm), the fresh weight of the branch (mm), the number of buds (pieces), the bud length (cm), the number of leaves (pieces), Full bloom stem (mm) and vase life (days) were examined. As the doses of humic acid increased, the vegetative weight of the lily plant increased, while the effect of the applications on the investigated properties was different. With the mineral elements, hormones and plant growth regulators in humic acid, it has the feature of promoting the increase of biomass in the plant.


2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xudong Zhu ◽  
Tianbao Yang ◽  
Charles A. Sanchez ◽  
Jeffrey M. Hamilton ◽  
Jorge M. Fonseca

Selenium (Se) is an essential mineral in multiple human metabolic pathways with immune modulatory effects on viral diseases including the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and HIV. Plant-based foods contain Se metabolites with unique functionalities for the human metabolism. In order to assess the value of common salad greens as Se source, we conducted a survey of lettuce commercially grown in 15 locations across the USA and Canada and found a tendency for Se to accumulate higher (up to 10 times) in lettuce grown along the Colorado river basin region, where the highest amount of annual solar radiation of the country is recorded. In the same area, we evaluated the effect of sunlight reduction on the Se content of two species of arugula [Eruca sativa (E. sativa) cv. “Astro” and Diplotaxis tenuifolia (D. tenuifolia) cv. “Sylvetta”]. A 90% light reduction during the 7 days before harvest resulted in over one-third Se decline in D. tenuifolia. The effect of light intensity on yield and Se uptake of arugula microgreens was also examined under indoor controlled conditions. This included high intensity (HI) (160 μ mol−2 s−1 for 12 h/12 h light/dark); low intensity (LI) (70 μ mol m−2 s−1 for 12 h/12 h light/dark); and HI-UVA (12 h light of 160 μ mol m−2 s−1, 2 h UVA of 40 μ mol m−2 s−1, and 10 h dark) treatments in a factorial design with 0, 1, 5, and 10 ppm Se in the growing medium. HI and HI-UVA produced D. tenuifolia plants with 25–100% higher Se content than LI, particularly with the two higher Se doses. The addition of Se produced a marked increase in fresh matter (>35% in E. sativa and >45% in D. tenuifolia). This study (i) identifies evidence to suggest the revision of food composition databases to account for large Se variability, (ii) demonstrates the potential of introducing preharvest Se to optimize microgreen yields, and (iii) provides the controlled environment industry with key information to deliver salad greens with targeted Se contents.


2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 620-627
Author(s):  
Darban Haryanto ◽  
Ellen Rosyelina Sasmita

Indigofera sp. is an environmentally friendly source of indigo dye for batik production and a material for livestock industry because this plant potentially serves as a forage protein source. This plant has the potential to be further developed and its cultivation requires quality seeds. Seedling growth is an important factor in achieving maximum productivity. Increasing its growth can be done by providing sufficient nutrients and using appropriate growing media. The results showed that there was an interaction between the concentration of Gandasil D fertilizer and growing media composition, namely at Gandasil D fertilizer concentration of 2 g/1 liter of water and a growing medium consisting of coco peat and compost with the parameters of plant height and stem diameter observed at 10 WAP. The Gandasil D fertilizer concentration of 2 g/1 liter of water affected the growth of Indigofera seedlings more effectively than other concentrations. A growing medium consisting of coco peat and compost with a ratio of 1:1 was more effective in boosting the growth of Indigofera seedlings than growing media consisting of other compositions.


Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2521
Author(s):  
Michał Pylak ◽  
Karolina Oszust ◽  
Magdalena Frąc

The current study focuses on the optimization of bacterial growing medium composition, including the carbon and nitrogen source in different concentrations, the pH value of the medium and the temperature. Optimization was performed for four environmental bacterial isolates belonging to the genera Arthrobacter, Pseudomonas and Rhodococcus, which were previously obtained from wild raspberries. These bacteria proved to be potent antagonists against certain fungal and fungal-like plant pathogens. Furthermore, three preservation methods and three sample preparation techniques were evaluated. In addition, a prebiotic supplementary blend based on previous research was tested. The research included a pot experiment to estimate the influence of bacterial cultures on the growth of plant shoots and roots, on the soil enzymatic activity and the content of macronutrients, minerals and nitrogen in the soil depending on the naturalization strategy. The best carbon and nitrogen source were chosen. The addition of a supplementary blend resulted in the increased growth of two bacterial isolates. Bacterial inoculum applied to the roots and watering resulted in increased shoot mass in objects infected with plant pathogens, although in plants without the pathogen infection, bacterial inoculum resulted in the decreased mass of plants. Naturalization strategy should be matched to the pathogens present at plantations.


Algologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 320-336
Author(s):  
P.M. Tsarenko ◽  
◽  
N.V. Zaimenko ◽  
N.P. Didyk ◽  
N.E. Ellanska ◽  
...  

The influence of the cultural medium of the charophyte Interfillum terricola on the allelopathic, microbiological, agrophysical and agrochemical properties of the soil have been studied in model pot experiments. Allelopathic soil regime was assessed by biological testing methods for water-soluble compounds and direct biotesting, as well as by vital indicators of plants-phytometers of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L., variety "Smuglyanka") and fodder corn (Zea mays L., variety "Kadr 267 MB"). The seeds were sown immediately after the introduction of the culture fluid. The number of germinated seeds was recorded from the 2nd to the 8th day after sowing. The vital condition of phytometer plants was evaluated at the end of the experiments by morphometric indicators of growth (leaf surface area, dry matter biomass of aboveground parts and roots) and the content of photosynthetic pigments in the leaves. When the experiment was completed, soil samples were taken to determine the cytostatic effect of water-soluble compounds and to carry out microbiological and biochemical analyzes. Phenolic compounds were isolated from the soil by ion exchange (desorption) using an ion exchanger KU-2-8 (Н+). In parallel, the electrical conductivity, redox potential, pH and content of nutrients in the soil were determined. The stimulating effect of cultural medium on seed germination, growth and development of assimilation organs of wheat and corn plants has been revealed. The strength of the effect did not depend on the concentration of growing medium, which is characteristic of signal allelopathically active substances. Allelopathic and cytostatic activity of the soil decreased with the use of Interfillum terricola growing medium. The introduction of the cultural fluid significantly affected the number of microorganisms of different ecological and trophic groups. The lowest number of microorganisms was observed at the minimum rate of introduction of microalga medium, and its increase contributed to the growth of the number of almost all studied groups of microorganisms, indicators of transformation and mineralization of organic matter. Under the influence of the cultural medium, the content of phenolic compounds in the soil decreased by 1.1–1.6 times, especially at the norm of 10 mL. The soil treated with cultural fluid had higher rates of transformation and mineralization of organic matter than untreated. The concentration of phenolic compounds in the soil decreased, apparently, due to the activation of the microbiota resulting in the intensification of the destruction processes. An increase in the electrical conductivity of the soil with the introduction of microalgae inoculum was recorded, which may indicate the release of metal ions into the substrate. This confirms the increase in Ca and Mg.


Food Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (S4) ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
N.A. Zakri ◽  
S. Adam

The oil palm industry is among the important sectors in Malaysia. The productions of palm oil keep increasing year by year due to high demand from other countries, generating an abundance of wastes from the field and the mill. These wastes may significantly affect the environment. Composting is one of the methods to reduce the volume of waste. The compost material is widely used especially in agriculture activities due to its properties which have been enhanced during the composting process. Empty fruit bunch (EFB) compost mostly returns to the soil as mulch to conserve soil moisture and acts as organic fertilizer since it contains high nutrients needed by the plant. Currently, the depletion of fertile soil leads to less availability of growing medium, especially in the nursery. The properties of the growing medium are important to ensure better root development of seedlings and subsequently affect the overall plant growth. Therefore, numerous studies have been conducted to identify the suitable growing medium as a substitute for topsoil which is currently limited to raising seedlings in the nursery. This review examines the current methods of composting EFB and provides summarized research information on the effect of EFB compost on oil palm seedling growth. The oil palm wastes that are properly managed could produce value-added by-products and promotes sustainable agriculture practices.


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