scholarly journals Long-term Tongue Lift Training Effects on Tongue Function

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 325-331
Author(s):  
Satoshi Sekihata ◽  
Takashi Iida ◽  
Hisae Honki ◽  
Mai Ikuta ◽  
Osamu Komiyama
Keyword(s):  
Training Effects

The short-term and long-term impacts of the procedural justice training

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 689-705
Author(s):  
Mengyan Dai ◽  
Xiaochen Hu ◽  
Lindsey Thomas ◽  
Robert Kenter
Keyword(s):  
Procedural Justice ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Police Training ◽  
Community Relations ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
Training Effects ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Attitudinal Differences ◽  
Before And After

PurposeThis study examines the short- and long-term changes in officers' attitudes toward four elements of procedural justice (i.e. trustworthiness, respect, neutrality and voice) after a department-wide procedural justice training program.Design/methodology/approachThis study utilized the pretest–posttest, single-group design to evaluate the training with two waves of officer surveys and conducted multivariate analyses to assess the factors that could have an impact on the training effects.FindingsThe training was effective in increasing officers' support for all four elements of procedural justice immediately, and the effects remained significant over 18 months. In addition, the analyses found that there were racial differences in officers' attitudes before and after the training, and the immediate supervisors' priority played an important role in the training effects.Originality/valueThere has been limited systematic research on police training. This study contributes to the understanding of how procedural justice training can help improve police-community relations and reduce the attitudinal differences between White officers and minority officers.

scholarly journals Highly challenging balance and gait training for individuals with Parkinson’s disease improves pace, rhythm and variability domains of gait – A secondary analysis from a randomized controlled trial

2020 ◽  
pp. 026921552095650
Author(s):  
Linda Rennie ◽  
Arve Opheim ◽  
Espen Dietrichs ◽  
Niklas Löfgren ◽  
Erika Franzén
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Gait Training ◽  
Time Variability ◽  
Training Effects ◽  
Fast Speed ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Normal Speed ◽  
Stance Time

Objective: Evaluate immediate and long-term effects of highly challenging balance and gait training on pace-, rhythm-, variability-, asymmetry-, and postural control domains of gait for individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Design: Randomized controlled trial - a secondary analysis. Setting: University hospital setting. Participants: One-hundred older adults with mild to moderate PD (Hoehn & Yahr 2 and 3). Intervention: Training group ( n = 51): 10 weeks (3 times/week) of intensive balance and gait training, incorporating dual tasks. Control group ( n = 49): care as usual. Main outcome measures: Spatiotemporal gait variables collected during normal and fast walking on a pressure-sensitive mat. A linear mixed model was used to evaluate training effects post intervention and at the 6 and 12 month follow-up. Results: Immediate training effects in the pace domain of gait were increased step velocity (normal speed: 8.2 cm/s, P = 0.04; fast: 10.8 cm/s, P < 0.01), increased step length (normal speed: 3 cm, P = 0.05; fast: 2.3 cm, P = 0.05) and reduced swing time variability (fast speed: –2.5 ms, P = 0.02). In the rhythm domain reduced step time (fast speed: –19.3 ms, P = 0.02), stance time (normal: –24.3 ms, P = 0.01; fast: –29.6 ms, P = 0.02) and swing time (fast speed: –8.7 ms, P = 0.04) was seen. Relative to the variability domain, the training decreased step time variability (fast: –2.8 ms, P = 0.02) and stance time variability (fast: –3.9 ms, P = 0.02). No training effects were retained at 6 months. Conclusions: Highly challenging balance and gait training improved pace, rhythm and variability aspects of PD gait in the short-term, but effects are not retained long-term. Trial registration number: NCT01417598.

Long-Term Strength Training Effects on Change-of-Direction Sprint Performance

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 223-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Keiner ◽  
Andre Sander ◽  
Klaus Wirth ◽  
Dietmar Schmidtbleicher
Keyword(s):  
Strength Training ◽  
Sprint Performance ◽  
Term Strength ◽  
Training Effects ◽  
Change Of Direction

scholarly journals Design and training effects of a physical reality simulator for minimally invasive mitral valve surgery

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 409-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad-Fawad Jebran ◽  
Shekhar Saha ◽  
Narges Waezi ◽  
Ammar Al-Ahmad ◽  
Heidi Niehaus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Mitral Valve Surgery ◽  
Learning Curves ◽  
Valve Surgery ◽  
Training Effects ◽  
Training Course ◽  
Skill Scores ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract OBJECTIVES Minimally invasive mitral valve surgery (MIMVS) through an endoscopic right minithoracotomy is a well-established yet complex procedure that has a challenging learning curve. We have developed a simulator for MIMVS and evaluated its short- and long-term training effects. METHODS Trainees without simulator experience or training in MIMVS were divided into 2 groups (10 students and 10 residents) and participated in a 5-day training course after initial instruction. Each trainee performed a ring annuloplasty. Scores were given by a supervisor who assessed 5 skills. The duration of each procedure was also measured. To evaluate the long-term effect of the training course, trainees performed the same procedure 4 weeks after the last session. RESULTS Trainees in the resident group were significantly older compared to those in the student group and had a mean surgical experience of 4.4 ± 0.78 years standard error of the mean. All other demographic data were similar. Significant learning curves could be achieved in both groups over the course of 5 days with regard to total skill scores and total duration. However, when we compared the learning curves of both groups, no significant difference could be seen. Long-term performance in both groups was still significantly better compared to that in the first training session. CONCLUSIONS Training with our simulator provided a significant enhancement of a trainee’s performance. This learning effect was achieved in both groups and was still evident 4 weeks later. We strongly recommend our simulator for simulation-based surgical education of cardiac surgeons interested in MIMVS.

scholarly journals Some complex approaches to training micro-cycles formation among cadetsweightlifters taking into account biotypes

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Point System ◽  
Working Capacity ◽  
Training Effects ◽  
Total Load ◽  
Rational Combination ◽  
Military Institute ◽  
Military Engineering ◽  
Micro Structures ◽  
Mixed Load

Training cadets-weightlifters at all stages has a multipurpose orientation, that is why it is important to define and plan a rational combination of the training means use. Distribution of such micro structures in the cycle of training, as the days, months of training, provides effective volume, intensity and other values of physical load distribution. The structure of training cadets-weightlifters is based on taking into account the regularities and principles of sports training as the condition for physical readiness and working capacity increase. Any power oriented sports demands components characteristics in the structure of micro cycles. We consider the methodology of the training lessons organization by the example of the micro cycle of training taking into account bioenergetic profile of cadets-weightlifters. We revealed the necessity to distribute the macro cycle to structural components as the condition for the effectiveness of different variants of the training effects distribution. Materials and methods. We analyzed the range of training lessons among cadets-weightlifters in order to create the variants of gradual training problems solution according to the kinds of training. We analyzed training programs of cadets taking into consideration the level of readiness and their bioenergetic profiles. We created the content of the training work in the micro cycle of the preparatory period for cadets-weightlifters with different bioenergetic profiles. The main material of the research includes the ratio of the training effects volume in one micro cycle taking into account cadets’ bioenergetic profile. Cadets-weightlifters from Tyumen Higher Military-Engineering Command College (military Institute) took part in the research (Tyumen, Russia). Results. We created the content of the training work by the example of one micro cycle for cadets-weightlifters taking into account bioenergetic profile. The created variant of the training loads structure includes the main means of training taking into account the kind of training. Realization orientation in five regimens of work fulfillment with the effectiveness estimation of a total load within one lesson and a week in general is estimated according to a point system. Conclusion. The created variant of a micro cycle considers kinds of training realization taking into account the percentage of the ratio. Taking into account bioenergetic profiles helps to discuss strong and weak sides of muscle activity energy supply mechanisms. We consider the ability to fulfill a long-term aerobic load among the representatives of the 1st and the 2nd bioenergetic profiles. The representatives of the 3rd and the 4th biotype are inclined to fulfill the mixed load. The representatives of the 5th biotype are characterized by higher degree of anaerobic abilities demonstration. The technology of planning the means taking into account the regimens of work realization with point system helps to increase physical working capacity and rehabilitation processes in cadets’ organisms.

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