Some complex approaches to training micro-cycles formation among cadetsweightlifters taking into account biotypes

Training cadets-weightlifters at all stages has a multipurpose orientation, that is why it is important to define and plan a rational combination of the training means use. Distribution of such micro structures in the cycle of training, as the days, months of training, provides effective volume, intensity and other values of physical load distribution. The structure of training cadets-weightlifters is based on taking into account the regularities and principles of sports training as the condition for physical readiness and working capacity increase. Any power oriented sports demands components characteristics in the structure of micro cycles. We consider the methodology of the training lessons organization by the example of the micro cycle of training taking into account bioenergetic profile of cadets-weightlifters. We revealed the necessity to distribute the macro cycle to structural components as the condition for the effectiveness of different variants of the training effects distribution. Materials and methods. We analyzed the range of training lessons among cadets-weightlifters in order to create the variants of gradual training problems solution according to the kinds of training. We analyzed training programs of cadets taking into consideration the level of readiness and their bioenergetic profiles. We created the content of the training work in the micro cycle of the preparatory period for cadets-weightlifters with different bioenergetic profiles. The main material of the research includes the ratio of the training effects volume in one micro cycle taking into account cadets’ bioenergetic profile. Cadets-weightlifters from Tyumen Higher Military-Engineering Command College (military Institute) took part in the research (Tyumen, Russia). Results. We created the content of the training work by the example of one micro cycle for cadets-weightlifters taking into account bioenergetic profile. The created variant of the training loads structure includes the main means of training taking into account the kind of training. Realization orientation in five regimens of work fulfillment with the effectiveness estimation of a total load within one lesson and a week in general is estimated according to a point system. Conclusion. The created variant of a micro cycle considers kinds of training realization taking into account the percentage of the ratio. Taking into account bioenergetic profiles helps to discuss strong and weak sides of muscle activity energy supply mechanisms. We consider the ability to fulfill a long-term aerobic load among the representatives of the 1st and the 2nd bioenergetic profiles. The representatives of the 3rd and the 4th biotype are inclined to fulfill the mixed load. The representatives of the 5th biotype are characterized by higher degree of anaerobic abilities demonstration. The technology of planning the means taking into account the regimens of work realization with point system helps to increase physical working capacity and rehabilitation processes in cadets’ organisms.

The effects of large wood (LW) on water and sediment connectivity in river systems: a new LW dis-connectivity index and its application in sediment management contexts

<p>It is well known that in-stream large wood (LW) can have significant effects on channel hydraulics and thus water and sediment connectivity, i.e. by creating hydraulic resistance that decreases flow velocity and transport capacity. The relationship between an in-stream LW structure and its hydraulic function (incl. the related effects on water and sediment connectivity) is generally quantified through drag force. Drag analyses, however, are data-demanding and often not straightforward - especially in complex debris jam settings where LW accumulations consist of wood pieces of widely variable sizes. Here, we introduce a simple LW dis-connectivity index (calculated based on visually estimated, field-derived LW parameters such as the degree of channel blockage), which has been applied in different sediment management contexts in medium-sized mixed-load streams in Austria.</p><p> </p>

Robust Linear Control of Boost and Buck-Boost DC-DC Converters in Micro-Grids with Constant Power Loads

Power distribution systems nowadays are highly penetrated by renewable energy sources, and this explains the dominant role of power electronic converters in their operation. However, the presence of multiple power electronic conversion units gives rise to the so-called phenomenon of Constant Power Loads (CPLs), which poses a serious stability challenge in the overall operation of a DC micro-grid. This article addresses the problem of enhancing the stability margin of boost and buck-boost DC-DC converters employed in DC micro-grids under uncertain mixed load conditions. This is done with a recently proposed methodology that relies on a two-degree-of-freedom (2-DOF) controller, comprised by a voltage-mode Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) (Type-III) primary controller and a reference governor (RG) secondary controller. This complementary scheme adjusts the imposed voltage reference dynamically and is designed in an optimal fashion via the Model Predictive Control (MPC) methodology based on a specialized composite (current and power) estimator. The outcome is a robust linear MPC controller in an explicit form that is shown to possess interesting robustness properties in a wide operating range and under various disturbances and mixed load conditions. The robustness and performance of the proposed controller/observer pair under steady-state, line, and mixed load variations is validated through extensive Matlab/Simulink simulations.

Identification of the parameters of equivalent circuits of connections of the electric network in the problem of distribution of their actual contributions

One of the current problems of modern electricity is the distribution of actual contributions for lowering the quality of electricity at the point of general connection of electricity networks. Despite the large number of developed methods to address this issue, their adequacy depends on the accuracy of identification of the parameters of the schemes of replacement of elements of the electrical network. In this regard, the article considers the problem of identifying the parameters of equivalent schemes of replacement of the power system, mixed passive and active loads, taking into account the sources of electricity in their composition. Two approaches were considered to obtain the initial data on parametric identification. The first of them is based on local measurements of the parameters of the electrical network. The second - on distributed measurements. As a result, the areas of solution of this problem for each of the types of organization of measuring systems taking into account the active intervention in the operation of the electrical network are identified. Methods of approximate calculation of parameters of passive mixed load substitution schemes in three-phase three- and four-wire electric networks, which are based on local measurements, are determined. Methods of exact calculation of parameters of schemes of substitution of electric power system and active mixed loading which are based on the distributed measurements are defined. In addition, the requirements for the organization of a distributed measurement system, which are based on the use of a full-fledged system of SmartGrid with additional application of methods and tools of vector measurement and system of SCADA. Key words - point of common connection; equivalent substitution sema; identification of parameters of the substitution scheme; mixed load; power system.