scholarly journals contribution toward a monograph of the homopterous insects of the family Delphacidae of North and South America

1914 ◽  
Vol 46 (2041) ◽  
pp. 557-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Crawford
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
The Family ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South

scholarly journals Phylogeny and Geographic History of Annonaceae

2007 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Doyle ◽  
Annick Le Thomas
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Early Tertiary ◽  
Fossil Seeds ◽  
Pollen Types ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of ◽  
Origin Of Angiosperms ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South

ABSTRACT Whereas Takhtajan and Smith situated the origin of angiosperms between Southeast Asia and Australia, Walker and Le Thomas emphasized the concentration of primitive pollen types of Annonaceae in South America and Africa, suggesting instead a Northern Gondwanan origin for this family of primitive angiosperms. A cladistic analysis of Annonaceae shows a basal split of the family into Anaxagorea, the only genus with an Asian and Neotropical distribution, and a basically African and Neotropical line that includes the rest of the family. Several advanced lines occur in both Africa and Asia, one of which reaches Australia. This pattern may reflect the following history: (a) disjunction of Laurasian (Anaxagorea) and Northern Gondwanan lines in the Early Cretaceous, when interchanges across the Tethys were still easy and the major lines of Magnoliidae are documented by paleobotany; (b) radiation of the Northern Gondwanan line during the Late Cretaceous, while oceanic barriers were widening; (c) dispersal of African lines into Laurasia due to northward movement of Africa and India in the Early Tertiary, attested by the presence of fossil seeds of Annonaceae in Europe, and interchanges between North and South America at the end of the Tertiary.

The Genus Tachardina (Lacciferidae, Coccidae) in Southern Africa

1935 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 475-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Hall
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Far East ◽  
Zonal Distribution ◽  
The Far East ◽  
The Family ◽  
Generic Groups ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South

Such knowledge as we have of the family Lacciferidae is very largely embodied in an excellent monograph published in 1923 and 1925 by J. C. Chamberlin (Bull. Ent. Res. 14, pp. 147–212 and 16, pp. 31–41). The comparatively speaking limited geographical distribution of the various generic groups is well brought out in this monograph. Thus, for instance, the genera Tachardiella and Austrotachardiella are apparently confined to North and South America, Metatachardia to Ceylon, Austrotachardia to Australia, Tachardia to India and the Far East. Chamberlin further states (p. 149) “ in general it may be said that the species of this group are tropical or sub-tropical, apparently reaching their greatest abundance in regions of limited rainfall.” How far this comparatively limited and well-defined zonal distribution of the various genera will hold good as further material is collected will prove of the greatest interest.

scholarly journals A novel Enterostomula (Platyhelminthes, Prolecithophora) species from two brackish lakes in Japan

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nao Omi
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Brackish Lakes ◽  
The Family ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South

The genus Enterostomula Reisinger, 1926 belongs to the family Pseudostomidae and comprises generally small and often conspicuously coloured species living on hard bottoms, in gravel and amongst algae. The Pseudostomidae comprises approximately 44 known species from Europe as well as North and South America. Previously, only one species, Allostoma durum, had been recorded in Japan. Known Enterostomula species are predominantly found in marine and brackish habitats. I collected seaweed and sand samples from two brackish lakes near the coast of Shimane Prefecture, Japan and isolated turbellarians from them. The animals were observed as both living and preserved. Here, I describe a novel Enterostomula species with two dorsal black bands and a thick bursal wall.

IV.—The Geological Development, Descent and Distribution of the Mammalia

1893 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 401-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl A. von Zittel
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
The Past ◽  
Limited Experience ◽  
The World ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
North And South America ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
North And South ◽  
Animal World

In a spirited treatise on the ‘Origin of our Animal World’ Prof. L. Rütimeyer, in the year 1867, described the geological development and distribution of the mammalia, and the relationship of the different faunas of the past with each other and with that now existing. Although, since the appearance of that masterly sketch the palæontological material has been, at least, doubled through new discoveries in Europe and more especially in North and South America, this unexpected increase has in most instances only served as a confirmation of the views which Rutimeyer advanced on more limited experience. At present, Africa forms the only great gap in our knowledge of the fossil mammalia; all the remaining parts of the world can show materials more or less abundantly, from which the course followed by the mammalia in their geological development can be traced with approximate certainty.

Transatlantic Radicalism

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Individual Case ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Organizational Ties ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South ◽  
Political Radicalism

The Atlantic Ocean not only connected North and South America with Europe through trade but also provided the means for an exchange of knowledge and ideas, including political radicalism. Socialists and anarchists would use this “radical ocean” to escape state prosecution in their home countries and establish radical milieus abroad. However, this was often a rather unorganized development and therefore the connections that existed were quite diverse. The movement of individuals led to the establishment of organizational ties and the import and exchange of political publications between Europe and the Americas. The main aim of this book is to show how the transatlantic networks of political radicalism evolved with regard to socialist and anarchist milieus and in particular to look at the actors within the relevant processes—topics that have so far been neglected in the major histories of transnational political radicalism of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Individual case studies are examined within a wider context to show how networks were actually created, how they functioned and their impact on the broader history of the radical Atlantic.

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