IV.—The Geological Development, Descent and Distribution of the Mammalia

1893 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 401-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl A. von Zittel
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
The Past ◽  
Limited Experience ◽  
The World ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
North And South America ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
North And South ◽  
Animal World

In a spirited treatise on the ‘Origin of our Animal World’ Prof. L. Rütimeyer, in the year 1867, described the geological development and distribution of the mammalia, and the relationship of the different faunas of the past with each other and with that now existing. Although, since the appearance of that masterly sketch the palæontological material has been, at least, doubled through new discoveries in Europe and more especially in North and South America, this unexpected increase has in most instances only served as a confirmation of the views which Rutimeyer advanced on more limited experience. At present, Africa forms the only great gap in our knowledge of the fossil mammalia; all the remaining parts of the world can show materials more or less abundantly, from which the course followed by the mammalia in their geological development can be traced with approximate certainty.

“Stay and Starve, Or Go and Prosper!” Juvenile Emigration from Great Britain in the Nineteenth Century

1985 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-166
Author(s):  
Thomas E. Jordan
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
South America ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Equable Climate ◽  
Strategic Location ◽  
The World ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South

The nineteenth century saw the beginning of large-scale migration of population from western Europe to various countries of the world. North and South America had proven hospitable in previous centuries and the southern tip of Africa presented an equable climate as well as strategic location. The islands of the southern seas reached by Cook and Van Diemen proved equally attractive if more remote. In retrospect it seems inevitable that, with the exception of South America, they were bound to be English-speaking. Even South America had its British farming colonists at one stage. In 1826 just under two hundred Highland Scots embarked for Topo in the highlands of Colombia (United Kingdom, 1827). Significantly, one hundred and two of them were under fourteen years of age.

Small trenches. Archaeology and the postcolonial gaze

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-30
Author(s):  
Audrey Horning
Keyword(s):  
Potential Significance ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
The Past ◽  
Critical Scholarship ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
The World ◽  
Colonial Legacies ◽  
European Colonialism ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The comments of Nicholas Sarkozy provide a powerful and forceful opening to Dr Richard's article and remind us of the potential significance of academic considerations of colonial legacies in the contemporary world. Dr Richard argues strongly against static conceptualizations of pre-‘Atlantic-era’ Africa and seeks to recast Africans not as victims, but as active ‘producers of history and culture’ (p. 26). In so doing he aligns himself with current trends in critical scholarship on colonial encounters in the Atlantic worlds of the last four centuries, scholarship that overtly criticizes dichotomous understandings of such encounters in favour of approaches that emphasize ambiguity (e.g. Hall 2000; Silliman 2001; 2009; Stahl 2007). Dr Richard's introductory suggestion that we should formulate ‘new questions instead of supplying different answers to the quandaries of an earlier generation of historians’ (p. 3) is clearly applicable to studies of colonial arenas beyond West Africa. In all parts of the world touched by European colonialism (including, of course, Europe itself) the ways in which scholars approach their subjects are very much conditioned by more widely held cultural memories, whatever the relationship of those memories may be to whatever may have occurred in the past.

3. A global art history?

2020 ◽  
pp. 48-62
Author(s):  
Dana Arnold
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Art History ◽  
Artistic Practice ◽  
Western Art ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Yuan Dynasty ◽  
North And South America ◽  
Global Art ◽  
North And South

Are the practices of Western art history appropriate for the study of art from cultures outside its geographical boundaries and conventional timeframe? The bias in this interpretation of the subject opens up the questions of the importance of the canon in art history and how we view non-figurative, primitive, and naive art. ‘A global art history?’ considers a range of different examples of artistic practice from around the world, including the sculpture of the Dogon people of Mali and the calligraphy of Wu Zhen, who was active during the Yuan Dynasty (1271–1368). It also discusses what is meant by the ‘primitive’ arts of Oceania, Africa, and North and South America.

Taxonomic notes and validation of Oenothera acutifolia (Onagraceae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 427 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-79
Author(s):  
MONIKA WOŹNIAK-CHODACKA
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Evening Primrose ◽  
The World ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South

Oenothera Linnaeus (1753: 346) (Onagraceae) is indigenous to North America (Dietrich et al. 1997), where the great diversity of the genus is reflected by its division into 18 sections and several subsections and series (Wagner et al. 2007). At different times and circumstances, particular evening-primrose species have naturalized in other parts of the world—currently they are known from nearly all continents: North and South America, Asia, Australia, Africa and Europe as well (Cleland 1972, Dietrich et al. 1997, Rostański et al. 2004). Reaching new lands, they began to spread and hybridize with each other, which might have resulted in the origin of new species, unknown from the native area (Dietrich et al. 1997).

The World of a Beggar Around 1775: Johann Gottfried Kästner

1994 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Otto Ulbricht
Keyword(s):  
Single Individual ◽  
Central Question ◽  
Abstract Logic ◽  
The Past ◽  
Large Structures ◽  
The World ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Large Groups ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Subjective Side

During the past twenty years a number of social historians have stopped looking at history as if observing the environment from the highest floor of a skyscraper and instead have made the microscope their most important tool. Rather than concentrating on objective, large structures and processes that are discernible from such great heights they have turned to the study of smaller entities all the way down to the single individual, taking ethnographical research methods as their guide. Rather than the study of hierarchies and class, and conflict and coalition among these large groups, popular culture, the relationship of the sexes, and the subjective side of history have moved into the foreground. How the large structures relate to individual experience, how they are perceived, interpreted, and acted upon became the central question. As a result, sweeping explanations, all too often the product of abstract logic coupled with limited awareness of the sources, are now tested by the informal, frequently quite different, and much more complex logic of everyday existence.

scholarly journals MYTHICAL ELEMENTS BASED ON TRADITIONAL MALAY LITERATURE TEXT

2019 ◽  
pp. 78-87
Author(s):  
Norazimah Zakaria ◽  
Mazarul Hasan Mohamad Hanapi ◽  
Makmur Harun ◽  
Farra Humairah Mohd
Keyword(s):  
World View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sociology Of Literature ◽  
Past Time ◽  
The Past ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Myth is a very dominant element in traditional Malay literature. The myths are not set forth in an unorganized manner or randomly, but instead are based on the belief patterns that are already in existence, and this reflects the connection of the society’s thinking with elements of animism that serve as the background of their lives before the arrival of other beliefs. Examples of the development of myth stories can be observed in hikayat (literary works) in traditional Malay literature like Hikayat Merong Mahawangsa and Sejarah Melayu. Meanwhile, examples of oral stories are those found in Cerita Rakyat Malaysia (2008). The aim of this article is to identify the functions of myths found in traditional Malay literature. This article will use the Sociology of Literature approach by Plummer, Ken (1997). The approach of this paper draws on to the questions of how myths became the belief of the society and what is the function of myths in traditional Malay literature texts. The functions of myths can be seen based on these questions. Elements of myths in historical works are narrations that are believed by the locals as actual occurrences that have happened in their locality in the past. Hence, the myth stories became the basis and answers to the inquisitiveness of the people of the past time. The other purpose is to uphold the royal dignity. In traditional literature, literature is viewed as the mirror of society and their documents. The role of myth stories is not only to explain their functions in the society but also to reveal the creativity of the writer or orator and the storyteller. But here, the presence of mythical elements explains to us the relationship of the work from the aspect of thoughts and the world view of that society in the past.

Human Trafficking and Country Borders

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 278-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cassandra E. DiRienzo ◽  
Jayoti Das
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Spatial Autocorrelation ◽  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Free Flow ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
North And South America ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
North And South

The primary purpose of this study is to empirically test whether neighboring countries within the Schengen region have similar human trafficking prevalence rates. It is argued that the free flow of persons across borders in the region impacts human trafficking in two ways. First, it lessens many of the transportation challenges and costs faced by human traffickers. Second, it enhances the ability of traffickers to acquire knowledge about neighboring countries in regard to policing, demand for trafficked persons, and terrain, which enables trafficking networks to spread. The Moran Index, a measure of spatial autocorrelation, is used to test the hypothesis using the Global Slavery Index’s proportion of country population living in slavery, a proxy for human trafficking. The Moran Index is significant and positive in the Schengen region, indicating that country neighbors within the region tend to have similar human trafficking prevalence rates. The Moran Index is calculated in other global regions (Africa, Asia, and North and South America) in addition to Schengen border itself, and the index is insignificant in these areas, which offers evidence that the relationship between neighboring countries within the Schengen region is unique. Policy implications of these findings are offered.

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