The Nexus between Female Labour Force Participation (FLFP) and Fertility rate in Selected ASEAN Countries: Panel Cointegration Approach

Background: The empirical work on fertility determinants widely discusses the role of socio-economic factors like female labour force participation rate, urban population and per capita gross national income in determining fertility rates. The India’s high fertility rate began to decline gradually after late 1950s and continued to fall since then. India achieved almost 31 per cent decline in fertility rate from 1990 to 2012. The objective was to examine the relationship between fertility rate, urbanization, female labour force participation rate and per capita gross national income for India.Methods: This study covers the sample period from 1990-2012. Moreover, the direction of causality between fertility rate, urbanization, female labour force participation rate and per capita gross national income in India using Granger Causality test within the Vector Error-Correction Model (VECM) are examined.Results: As a summary of the empirical results, we found that fertility rate, urbanization, female labour force participation rate and per capita gross national income in India are co-integrated and there is unidirectional Granger Causality between the four variables in long and short-run.Conclusions: The growth in urban population, female labour force participation rate and per capita gross national income are responsible for the decrease in fertility rate in India.

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On the relationship between female labour force participation and fertility in G7 countries: evidence from panel cointegration and Granger causality

Empirical Economics ◽

10.1007/s00181-009-0270-1 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 38 (2) ◽

pp. 361-372 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Vinod Mishra ◽

Ingrid Nielsen ◽

Russell Smyth

Keyword(s):

Granger Causality ◽

Labour Force ◽

Panel Cointegration ◽

Labour Force Participation ◽

Female Labour Force Participation ◽

G7 Countries ◽

Female Labour ◽

The Relationship

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The Nexus of Economic Growth, Education, Fertility Rate and Female Labour Supply: Empirical Evidence in Malaysia

International Journal of Management, Finance and Accounting ◽

10.33093/ijomfa.2020.1.1.2 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 22-41

Author(s):

Han Hwa Goh ◽

Vishalini Macharagai ◽

Siew Bee Thai ◽

Boon Heng Teh ◽

Tze San Ong

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Strong Evidence ◽

Labour Force ◽

Participation Rate ◽

Labour Force Participation ◽

Fertility Rate ◽

Female Labour Force Participation ◽

Female Labour ◽

Long Run ◽

Labour Participation

Malaysia, a fast-growing developing country in Asia, has envisioned Shared Prosperity Vision 2030 to become a developed economy with high income via sustainable and inclusive economic growth by the year 2030. To accomplish this vision, female labour participation is needed as the female population constitutes almost half of Malaysia’s total population. However, female labour participation rate is way lower than Malaysia’s overall labour force participation rate.The relatively low female labour participation rate can be a barrier to Malaysia’s economic development and thus the realization of its goal of a high income nation.Therefore, this paper makes an attempt to examine empirically the long-run causal association among female labour force participation, economic growth, education, and fertility rate. The interrelationships among the variables are examined using the bounds test and Toda-Yamamoto granger non-causality methodology. The result of the study indicates a strong evidence of long-run relationship among the variables. Besides, we have found a significant inverted-U-shaped association linking the female labour force participation to the economic growth in Malaysia. The results of Granger causality tests further confirm that there is a strong evidence of bidirectional causality from education to economic growth as well as female labour participation. Besides, the results also show significant unidirectional causality from female labour force participation and fertility to economic growth.

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The Role of Female Education in Economic Growth of Pakistan: A Time Series Analysis from 1990-2016

International Journal of Innovation and Economic Development ◽

10.18775/ijied.1849-7551-7020.2015.35.2007 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 83-93

Author(s):

Syeda Anam Hassan ◽

Nazish Rafaz

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Labour Force ◽

Labour Force Participation ◽

Fertility Rate ◽

Female Education ◽

Female Labour Force Participation ◽

Labour Force Participation Rate ◽

Female Labour ◽

The Impact

Education is an essential factor of economic growth and a fundamental right of every person. No country can attain sustainable economic growth without substantial investment in education. Education improves technical capabilities of exploring new ideas and innovations. It improves the quality of life and leads to collective benefits to individuals and societies. In this study, we investigate the impact of female education on the economic growth of Pakistan by adopting the methodology of the simple Ordinary Least Squares regression with time spanning from 1990 to 2016. OLS regression results show that 1% increase in female education, female labour force participation, education expenditure and fertility rate causes 96% increase in GDP of Pakistan. Female education has a significant and positive impact on economic growth. Female education has a positive relationship with female labour force participation rate. The female labour force is dramatically increasing the economic growth. The policy recommendation is that government should allocate more of its budget on education and make efforts for improvement of the quality of education at different levels. The fertility rate has a negative relationship with female education and economic growth. Female education can reduce fertility rate and play a magnificent role in economic growth of Pakistan.

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Labour Force Participation Rate and it Implications on Food Security, Fertility Rate and Economic Growth in West African Monetary Zone (WAMZ) Countries

Izvestiya Journal of the University of Economics – Varna ◽

10.36997/ijuev2020.64.4.444 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 64 (4) ◽

pp. 444-458

Author(s):

Aduralere Oyelade ◽

◽

Onome Oghenetega ◽

Favour Eforuoku ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Food Security ◽

Labour Force ◽

Labour Force Participation ◽

Fertility Rate ◽

Female Labour Force Participation ◽

Labour Force Participation Rate ◽

Female Labour ◽

Per Capita ◽

Male Labour

The study investigated the impact of labour force participation rate and its implications on food security, fertility rate and economic growth in the West African Monetary Zone (WAMZ). Using data from 6 countries over the period of 1990 tо 2016 and pool autoregressive dіstrіbutеd lаg (PАRDL) bоunds tеstіng рrосеdurе was employed. The result from the study showed that female labour force participation and health expenditure per capita determine food security and male labour force participation, female labour force participation, gross capita formation, health education per capita and enrolment in secondary education are the variables that determine fertility rate, while male labour force participation, female labour force participation, health expenditure per capita and enrolment in secondary education affect GDP per capita. The study recommended that policies should be directed toward increasing female labour force participation which will compliment male labour force participation as well as increase decent and productive work opportunities for female workers which will promote GDP per capita, leading to reduction in fertility rate and promote food security among member countries. Furthermore, family-friendly policies will further encourage females to participate in the labour market. Therefore, more efforts should be made to promote female labour force participation as the entire WAMZ countries will benefit from the growth and welfare improvement that it will generate. WAMZ countries governments need build their capacity through investment in health and education in order to enhance productivity of the labour force which will lead to economic growth, reduction in fertility rate as well as promote food security. This study has contributed empirically and theoretically to the body of knowledge. The scope covered also makes the study uniquely robust and different from previous ones.

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