scholarly journals Structure of Cocoa Based Vegetable Seed System for Selected Locale in Ghana

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Jonas Osei-Adu ◽  
Offei Bonsu ◽  
Seth Obosu Ekyem ◽  
Victor Afari-Sefa ◽  
Micheal Kwabena Osei
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Critical Determinant ◽  
Farming Communities ◽  
Seed Industry ◽  
Seed Supply ◽  
Supply And Distribution ◽  
Seed Loss ◽  
Vegetable Seed ◽  
Seed System ◽  
Daunting Challenge

<p class="sar-body"><span lang="EN-US">The vegetable seed industry in Ghana is still at its formative stages. Farmer access to quality improved seed is still a daunting challenge. As a response, very few improved vegetable lines have been evaluated and tested in the country for dissemination to farmers. Using multistage sampling, a total of 137 vegetable farmers in the Offinso South municipal of the Ashanti region of Ghana were interviewed using structured questionnaires to characterize vegetable seed supply and distribution system. Results from the study indicated 45.3% of respondents acquired seed from commercial seed growers. Farmer saved seed accounted for 37.2% of sampled respondents while 32.1% of respondents sourced seeds from other farmers. The role of the formal seed system through private seed companies was minimal (10.2%). Only 10.9% of respodents treated their seeds before storage with 38.7% of respondents doing so prior to planting. This led to 23% of seed loss in storage with some farmers losing as much as 100%. The development of a vibrant vegetable seed system will require strong actor linkages within the seed supply chain to identify solutions to critical bottlenecks. An enabling policy environment for establishing dynamic and operational private seed companies, is a critical determinant of success in targeted farming communities. Provision of cold room facilities will also be necessary to ensure seeds are well stored.</span></p>

Scope and Status of Vegetable Seed Production in Ethiopia

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yemane Kahsay
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Climatic Regions ◽  
Seed Industry ◽  
Seed Supply ◽  
Vegetable Seed ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
Adequate Coverage

This paper reviewed the scope and status of vegetable seed production in order to assess the current vegetable seed supply, production, distribution scenario and production potential. Adaptation and demonstration of improved vegetable technologies have shown the potential of producing different types of vegetable in different agro climatic regions in the country. It is important to identify suitable production belts and establish model seed multiplication scheme with strong collaboration of research, farmers/growers, seed distributors, vegetable producers and the extension sector. It is important to encourage private sectors that are interested in the horticulture seed industry. In many Asian countries the seed are commercially handled in which the market share of the private sector is more than 80%. It is important that variety development program be linked with the seed system. In additions, the economics of seed production be considered to assist farmers for decision. For efficient, economic and sustainable seed supply, seed production should be decentralized into major crop production zones with active participation of both public and private sectors. At the same time, the local seed supply should be organized using both local and improved varieties through secondary seed multiplication scheme. Improved seed production and distribution are predominantly carried out in the public sector; the scope of the formal seed supply systems is limited in developing countries like Ethiopia. Though there is huge potential; horticultural crop production and multiplication of improved variety of the seed is a great bottle neck problem. Lack of varieties and inadequate breeder and basic seed supply for effective seed production, limited technical and managerial experience and material resource absence of specialized seed farms in adequate coverage of economically important crops and lack of independent quality seed control system specially the foreign seed should be addressed by the responsible seed center.

ITER Coil Power Supply and Distribution System

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Tao ◽  
I. Benfatto ◽  
J. K. Goff ◽  
A. Mankani ◽  
F. Milani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Supply ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Supply And Distribution ◽  
Coil Power Supply

Development and Integration of the Dual Fuel Combustion System for the MGT Gas Turbine Family

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernhard Ćosić ◽  
Frank Reiss ◽  
Marc Blümer ◽  
Christian Frekers ◽  
Franklin Genin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Liquid Fuel ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Dual Fuel ◽  
Gaseous Fuels ◽  
Supply And Distribution ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbines

Abstract Industrial gas turbines like the MGT6000 are often operated as power supply or as mechanical drives. In these applications, liquid fuels like 'Diesel Fuel No.2' can be used either as main fuel or as backup fuel if natural gas is not reliably available. The MAN Gas Turbines (MGT) operate with the Advanced Can Combustion (ACC) system, which is capable of ultra-low NOx emissions for gaseous fuels. This system has been further developed to provide dry dual fuel capability. In the present paper, we describe the design and detailed experimental validation process of the liquid fuel injection, and its integration into the gas turbine package. A central lance with an integrated two-stage nozzle is employed as a liquid pilot stage, enabling ignition and start-up of the engine on liquid fuel only. The pilot stage is continuously operated, whereas the bulk of the liquid fuel is injected through the premixed combustor stage. The premixed stage comprises a set of four decentralized nozzles based on fluidic oscillator atomizers, wherein atomization of the liquid fuel is achieved through self-induced oscillations. We present results illustrating the spray, hydrodynamic, and emission performance of the injectors. Extensive testing of the burner at atmospheric and full load high-pressure conditions has been performed, before verification within full engine tests. We show the design of the fuel supply and distribution system. Finally, we discuss the integration of the dual fuel system into the standard gas turbine package of the MGT6000.

The business of water: going the corporate way the case of Manila water

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Virgilio C. Rivera
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Corporate Strategy ◽  
Profit Model ◽  
The Past ◽  
Supply And Distribution ◽  
Service Coverage ◽  
Virtuous Cycle

Prior to Manila Water's entry into the East Zone as MWSS's concessionaire in 1997, the water supply and distribution system was characterized by low service coverage, high levels of leakage due to pilferage and deteriorating pipes, limited water availability and poor operating efficiencies. This presentation details how the MWSS PPP framework, coupled with Manila Water's multi-pronged, corporate approach, has been key to reversing the sorry state which Metro Manila's East Zone found itself in before 1997. Crucial to the success of Manila Water was the adoption of a multi-pronged corporate strategy composed of five interrelated variables: (1) Profit Model, (2) Market/Customer, (3) Resources, (4) Systems and Processes and (5) Talent and Organization. The presentation explains how these factors have come together to bring out the “virtuous cycle” in the East Zone. The numerous achievements of Manila Water over the past thirteen years, which are highlighted in the last section of the presentation, have been directly attributed to the successful corporate strategy employed by Manila Water.

The Water Supply and Distribution System of the Nabataean City of Petra (Jordan), 300 bc– ad 300

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles R. Ortloff
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Maximum Flow ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
City Development ◽  
Trade Networks ◽  
Supply And Distribution ◽  
Design Function

The water supply and distribution system of the Nabataean city of Petra in southwestern Jordan has been explored and mapped. Analysis of the system indicates exploitation of all possible water resources using management techniques that balance reservoir storage capacity with continuous flow pipeline systems to maintain a constant water supply throughout the year. Nabataean Petra was founded c. 300 bc; urban development progressed with later Roman administration of the city starting at ad 106; Byzantine occupation continued to the seventh century ad. Trade networks that extended throughout much of the ancient Near East and Mediterranean world intersected at Petra, and brought not only strategic and economic prominence, but also impetus to develop water resources fully to sustain demands of increasing population and city elaboration. City development was influenced by artistic, cultural and technological borrowings from Seleucid, Syro-Phoenician, Greek and Roman civilizations; the Petra water-distribution system included hydraulic technologies derived from these contacts as well as original technical innovations that helped to maintain the high living standard of city dwellers throughout the centuries. Analysis of the Nabataean water network indicates design criteria that promote stable flows and use sequential particle-settling basins to purify potable water supplies. They also promote open channel flows within piping at critical (maximum) flow rates that avoid leakage associated with pressurized systems and have the design function to match the spring supply rate to the maximum carrying capacity of a pipeline. This demonstration of engineering capability indicates a high degree of cognitive skill in solving complex hydraulic problems to ensure a stable water supply and may be posited as a key reason behind the many centuries of flourishing city life.

scholarly journals Planting Materials Seed Systems of Finger Millet, Rice and Taro in Jumla, Kaski and Bara Districts of Nepal

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 10-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bimal K Baniya ◽  
Radha K Tiwari ◽  
Pashupati Chaudhary ◽  
Surendra K Shrestha ◽  
Pushpa R Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Finger Millet ◽  
Rice Seed ◽  
Seed Selection ◽  
Seed Supply ◽  
Millet Seed ◽  
Seed System ◽  
Rice Seeds ◽  
Planting Materials ◽  
Informal Seed Supply

Formal and informal seed supply systems of rice (Jumla, Bara and Kaski), finger millet and taro(Kaski) were studied in three ecosites of Nepal during 1999-2001 to understand the processes ofseed flow, seed production, seed selection and storage systems. A survey was conducted at 48 to96 households. Informal seed supply was the only system in Jumla and Kaski and formal systemexisted only in Bara. The main sources of seed were farmer's own saved seed (67-91%), seedfrom neighbors and relatives. Exchange of germplasm was the main basis of fulfillment fromother sources. All farmers obtained seed from their own village, while farmers introducedmaterials occasionally from outside village. Most of the farmers followed seed selection beforeor after crop harvest. Rice field selection and plant selection based on a fixed set of criteria wasthe common practice. Non lodged plants with more grain per panicle, bold grains, well-maturedand uniform plants, long panicle, true to type, good looking grains, free from diseases andinsects were the main rice seed selection criteria. All farmers from both sites stored rice seeds bylocal methods in the locally available containers. Mor and Mudkothi are the special strawcontainers to store rice seed in Bara. Dhara is a special mud structure used to store rice seeds inJumla. Finger millet seed supply system was mostly similar to that of rice seed system. Ninetyone percent farmers saved seed for their own use; however, many of them changed finger milletseeds lots or varieties regularly for their particular plot. Ears selection during harvest by setcriteria for seed purpose was the common practice. Farmers stored finger millet seed carefully insmall locally available containers and tried their best to maintain the quality of seed duringdifferent stage of seed production. Taro has diverse planting materials: cormels, corms witheyes, suckers and corm with small cormels. Taro planting materials management is totallyinformal and almost 89% farmers saved these materials for their use and replaced them mostlyafter 3 years. Farmers had fixed criteria of corms and cormels selection for planting purpose andfocus and more on disease free. Storage of planting materials was locally by using localmaterials and methods. Understanding of seed system in various crops helps to developconservation strategy.Key words: Seed flow; seed production; seed selection; seed storage; seed systemDOI: 10.3126/narj.v6i0.3343Nepal Agriculture Research Journal Vol.6 2005 pp.39-48

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