A survey of tree species of concern in Canada: the role for genetic conservation

A survey was conducted in 2003 to identify Canadian native tree species (woody perennials ≥10 m tall) that may be in need of genetic conservation. Thirty expert respondents from various agencies in provinces and territories graded the tree species in their respective geographical regions based on nine criteria that describe potential reasons for conservation (e.g., rarity, decreasing range or frequency, preferred habitat in high demand, uncertain viable seed source) and then provided a rating that identifies the type of conservation that may be required (species is in good shape, insufficient knowledge for a designation, in situ or ex situ conservation measures are required). Either in situ or ex situ conservation was recommended for 52% of Canada's native tree species, and 8% required more information before a rating could be made. The results of the survey will be used to identify genetic conservation priorities for tree species in Canada. Key words: Canadian tree species of concern, genetic conservation, genetic diversity, species rarity

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Native trees of Mexico: diversity, distribution, uses and conservation

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.9898 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. e9898

Author(s):

Oswaldo Tellez ◽

Efisio Mattana ◽

Mauricio Diazgranados ◽

Nicola Kühn ◽

Elena Castillo-Lorenzo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Tree Species ◽

Ex Situ Conservation ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Priority Areas ◽

Threat Status ◽

Native Trees ◽

Native Tree ◽

Native Tree Species

Background Mexico is one of the most floristically rich countries in the world. Despite significant contributions made on the understanding of its unique flora, the knowledge on its diversity, geographic distribution and human uses, is still largely fragmented. Unfortunately, deforestation is heavily impacting this country and native tree species are under threat. The loss of trees has a direct impact on vital ecosystem services, affecting the natural capital of Mexico and people’s livelihoods. Given the importance of trees in Mexico for many aspects of human well-being, it is critical to have a more complete understanding of their diversity, distribution, traditional uses and conservation status. We aimed to produce the most comprehensive database and catalogue on native trees of Mexico by filling those gaps, to support their in situ and ex situ conservation, promote their sustainable use, and inform reforestation and livelihoods programmes. Methods A database with all the tree species reported for Mexico was prepared by compiling information from herbaria and reviewing the available floras. Species names were reconciled and various specialised sources were used to extract additional species information, i.e. endemic status, threat status, availability in seed collections, reports on plant uses and conservation actions currently in place. With this information, a comprehensive catalogue of native trees from Mexico was redacted. Available georeferenced records were used to map each species distribution and perform spatial analyses to identify gaps of information and priority areas for their conservation and exploration. Results Mexico has at least 2,885 native tree species, belonging to 612 genera and 128 families. Fabaceae is the most represented family and Quercus the most represented genus. Approximately 44% of tree species are endemic to the country. The southern part of the country showed the highest values of species richness. Six hundred and seventy-four species have at least one documented human use. In terms of conservation assessment, ca. 33% of species have been assessed by either the IUCN Red List (919) or the National protection catalogue “NORMA Oficial Mexicana NOM-059” (29) or both (45). Additionally, 98 species have been included in the CITES listing for protection. In terms of existing conservation efforts, 19% of species have ex situ protection in seed banks, while protected areas overlap with all the identified peaks of species richness, except for those in the states of Veracruz and Chiapas. This work constitutes a key milestone for the knowledge, management, and conservation of the Mexican native trees. The two areas with high density of tree species identified in Veracruz and Chiapas represent two priority areas for tree conservation in Mexico, where integrated in situ and ex situ conservation efforts should be focused.

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Population Assessment of An Endemic Tree, Croton Scabiosus Bedd. (Euphorbiaceae)

Journal of Non Timber Forest Products ◽

10.54207/bsmps2000-2017-f74yp3 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. 209-216

Author(s):

S. Salamma ◽

A. Narayanaswamy ◽

M. Naik ◽

D. Veeranjaneyulu ◽

M.V. Babu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tree Species ◽

Random Sampling ◽

Andhra Pradesh ◽

Ex Situ Conservation ◽

Adult Population ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Eastern Ghats ◽

Population Assessment ◽

Conservation Measures

The population of Croton scabiosus, an endemic tree species of southern Eastern Ghats of Andhra Pradesh, India was assessed through random sampling in 15 localities spread over 8 locations. In sampled 37.5 h area, a total of 8737 mature individuals of Croton scabiosus was recorded. Of the 8 locations, Sanipaya sub population was found stable and considered elite owing to the maximum number of mature individuals, girth and height. In spite of good adult population, low number of seedlings and saplings of the species across the native terrain indicates its poor germination and recruitment warranting both in situ and ex situ conservation measures.

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Tree species of concern in New Brunswick, Canada. II. Guidelines for conservation of genetic resources

The Forestry Chronicle ◽

10.5558/tfc83402-3 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 83 (3) ◽

pp. 402-407

Author(s):

J A Loo ◽

T L Beardmore ◽

J D Simpson ◽

D A McPhee

Keyword(s):

New Brunswick ◽

Genetic Resources ◽

Tree Species ◽

Ex Situ Conservation ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Gene Conservation ◽

American Beech ◽

Bur Oak ◽

Butternut Canker

Guidelines were developed by the New Brunswick Forest Gene Conservation Working Group for conserving genetic resources of four native tree species in New Brunswick. Gene conservation guidelines for three of these species aim to maintain sufficient gene pools of known or putatively resistant stock to retain or develop the potential for restoration. Natural populations of American beech (Fagus grandifolia) are known to have genotypes resistant to the beech scale at low frequencies. Gene conservation approaches include in situ and ex situ measures, including resistance breeding. White elm (Ulmus americana) demonstrates a degree of resistance to Dutch elm disease (DED), and will benefit from a mixture of in situ and ex situ conservation measures. Resistance to butternut canker has not yet been demonstrated in populations of butternut (Juglans cinerea), but ex situ conservation of putatively resistant genotypes will be of increasing importance as the frequency of butternut canker escalates. Bur oak (Quercus macrocarpa), threatened by small population size, habitat loss, and ongoing development, requires primarily in situ conservation and restoration efforts. Key words: American beech, bur oak, butternut, disease resistance, ex situ, gene conservation guidelines, genetic resources, in situ, restoration, white elm

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Evaluating the diversity and composition of bacterial communities associated withVachellia pachyceras— the only existing native tree species in the Kuwait desert

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/cjm-2018-0421 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 65 (3) ◽

pp. 235-251

Author(s):

Majda K. Suleiman ◽

Kingsley Dixon ◽

Lucy Commander ◽

Paul Nevill ◽

Ali M. Quoreshi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Community ◽

Tree Species ◽

Bacterial Communities ◽

Bacterial Community Composition ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Bulk Soil ◽

Native Tree ◽

Native Tree Species

We investigated the diversity and composition of bacterial communities in rhizospheric and non-rhizospheric bulk soils as well as root nodule bacterial communities of Vachellia pachyceras — the only native tree species existing in the Kuwait desert. Community fingerprinting comparisons and 16S rDNA sequence identifications were used for characterization of the bacterial population using specific primers. The bacterial characterization of soil samples revealed four major phyla: Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria. In situ (desert) samples of both rhizospheric and non-rhizospheric bulk soil were dominated by the bacterial phyla Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, whereas the phylum Betaproteobacteria was present only in non-rhizospheric bulk soil. Ex situ (nursery growing condition) V. pachyceras resulted in restricted bacterial communities dominated by members of a single phylum, Bacteroidetes. Results indicated that the soil organic matter and rhizospheric environments might drive the bacterial community. Despite harsh climatic conditions, data demonstrated that V. pachyceras roots harbor endophytic bacterial populations. Our findings on bacterial community composition and structure have major significance for evaluating how Kuwait’s extreme climatic conditions affect bacterial communities. The baseline data obtained in this study will be useful and assist in formulating strategies in ecological restoration programs, including the application of inoculation technologies.

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Establishment of Native Tree Species on Coal Tailings — Lessons from Ebenezer Mine, Queensland, Australia

Proceedings of the Third International Seminar on Mine Closure ◽

10.36487/acg_repo/852_69 ◽

2008 ◽

Author(s):

Rhys Worrall ◽

Alister Spain ◽

Mark Tibbett

Keyword(s):

Tree Species ◽

Native Tree ◽

Native Tree Species ◽

Coal Tailings

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Status of the Ex Situ and In Situ Conservation of Brazilian Crop Wild Relatives of Rice, Potato, Sweet Potato, and Finger Millet: Filling the Gaps of Germplasm Collections

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11040638 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 638

Author(s):

Marcelo B. Medeiros ◽

José F. M. Valls ◽

Aluana G. Abreu ◽

Gustavo Heiden ◽

Suelma Ribeiro-Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Finger Millet ◽

Ex Situ Conservation ◽

Gap Analysis ◽

In Situ Conservation ◽

Germplasm Collection ◽

Crop Wild Relatives ◽

Wild Relatives ◽

Ex Situ ◽

The Status

This study presents the status of ex situ and in situ conservation for the crop wild relatives of rice, potato, sweet potato, and finger millet in Brazil, and the subsequent germplasm collection expeditions. This research is part of a global initiative entitled “Adapting Agriculture to Climate Change: Collecting, Protecting, and Preparing Crop Wild Relatives” supported by the Global Crop Diversity Trust. Species of the primary, secondary, and tertiary gene pools with occurrences reported in Brazil were included: Oryza alta Swallen, O. grandiglumis (Döll) Prod., O. latifolia Desv., O. glumaepatula Steud., Eleusine tristachya (Lam.) Lam., E. indica (L.) Gaertn., Solanum commersonii Dunal, S. chacoense Bitter, Ipomoea grandifolia (Dammer) O’Donell, I. ramosissima (Poir.) Choisy, I. tiliacea (Willd.) Choisy, I. triloba L., and I. cynanchifolia Meisn. The status of the ex situ and in situ conservation of each taxon was assessed using the gap analysis methodology, and the results were used to plan 16 germplasm collection expeditions. Seeds of the collected material were evaluated for viability, and the protocols for seed germination and cryopreservation were tested. The final conservation score, resulting from the gap analysis and including the average of the ex situ and in situ scores, resulted in a classification of medium priority of conservation for all the species, with the exception of I. grandifolia (high priority). The total accessions collected (174) almost doubled the total accessions of these crop wild relatives incorporated in Embrapa’s ex situ conservation system prior to 2015. In addition, accessions for practically absent species were collected for the ex situ conservation system, such as Ipomoea species, Eleusine indica, and Solanum chacoense. The methods used for dormancy breaking and low temperature conservation for the Oryza, Eleusine, and Ipomoea species were promising for the incorporation of accessions in the respective gene banks. The results show the importance of efforts to collect and conserve ex situ crop wild relatives in Brazil based on previous gap analysis. The complementarity with the in situ strategy also appears to be very promising in the country.

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