The spectrum and occurrence of entomopathogenic fungi in soils from apple orchards

The spectrum and occurrence of entomopathogenic fungi in orchard soil and arable soil were evaluated using an "insect bait method". Soil samples taken in autumn and spring from sward, herbicides fallow and arable soil were baited with Galleria mellonella larvae. Entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill., Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sorok. and Paecilomyces fumosoroseus (Wize) Brown et Smith were isolated from three species of orchards soil and adjacent arable soil. Infection levels of G. mellonella larvae were depended from species of soil . M. anisoopliae caused most frequent infections of bait insects in light loamy sand and P. fumosoroseus in alluvial silt and coarse sand. B. bassiana was dominated in alluvial silt. It was established that M. anisopliae and B. bassiana infected more larvae in autumn than in spring. In case of P. fumosoroseus an opposite tendency was observed. Generaly in arable soil and sward number of infected larvae was higher than other stands. In case of light loamy sand more infections of G. mellonella larvae were found in samples from herbicides fallow. Irrespective of soil type B. bassiana was the dominated species isolated from herbicides fallow, M. anisopliae from sward and P. fumosoroseus - from arable soil.

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Occurrence of entomopathogenic fungi in arable soil

Acta Mycologica ◽

10.5586/am.1993.010 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 77-82 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ryszard Miętkiewski ◽

Zofia Miętkiewska

Keyword(s):

Beauveria Bassiana ◽

Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽

Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽

Galleria Mellonella ◽

Arable Soil ◽

Paecilomyces Fumosoroseus ◽

Arable Field ◽

Ephestia Kühniella

Samples of soil were taken from arable field and from balk. Larvae of Galleria mellonella and Ephestia kühniella were used as an "insect bait" for isolation of entomopathogenic fungi from soil. Metarhizium anisopliae and Paecilomyces fumosoroseus were isolated from both kind of soil. but Beauveria bassiana was present only in soil taken from balk.

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Influence of pesticides used potatoes control on the growth of entomopathogenic fungi isolated from potatoes fields

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.1995.017 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. 65-73

Author(s):

Ryszard Miętkiewicz ◽

Anna Sapiecha

Keyword(s):

Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽

Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽

Galleria Mellonella ◽

Paecilomyces Fumosoroseus ◽

Copper Oxychloride ◽

Growth Of Fungi

The growth of Metarhizium anisopliae, M.flavoviridae and Paecilomyces fumosoroseus was estimated on Sabouraud's medium to which insecticides and herbicides were added in three doses: A - 10 times higher from recommended field dose, B - as recommended field dose, C - 10 timer lower than recommended. Fungicides were used in B and C doses as well as in dose D - 100 times lower than recomended one. The fungi were obtained from soil under potatoes using Galleria mellonella as bait insect. Chlorothalonil and copper oxychloride were chosen from fungicides, linuron, MCPA, fluazifop-P-butyl and dikwat - from herbicides and deltamethrin, teflubenzuron and fozalon from insecticides. The growth of both species of Metarhizium was stronger inhibited than of Paecilomyces fumosoroseus by fungicides however colonies of Metarhizium always overpassed 50% controls colonies apart from M. flavoviridae on medium with copper oxychloride at concentration B. Herbicide linuron was more toxic to fungi than fungicides. M. anisopliae and M. fluvoviridae did not grow on medium containing dose A and dose B this herbicide but the colonies of P. fumosoroseus at dose B did not overpass 20% of controlled ones. MCPA and fluazifop-P-butyl inhibited fungal colonies in approximated way. On the medium with these herbicides in concentration A fungal colonies were strongly inhibited and the growth of fungi on medium with MCPA at this concentration appeared not before 5 days after inoculation. Dikwat in dose A strongly inhibited the growth of M. anisopliae but in remaining combinations growth of fungal colonies was similar to controlled ones. Fozalon, among insecticides, inhibited the growth of inwestigated fungi strongest. On the medium containing this insecticide in dose A all fungi did not grow, and in dose B colonies of both species of Metarhizium did not overpass 40% of controlled ones. Deltamethrin in dose A and B inhibited the growth of M. anisopliae and M. flavoviridae, but teflubenzuron did not inhibit growth of entomopathogenic fungi at all concentrations.

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A response of entomopathogenic fungi to botanical fungicides and synthetic fungicides in vitro

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.2005.016 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 58 (1) ◽

pp. 101-111

Author(s):

Anna Sapieha-Waszkiewicz ◽

Barbara Marjańska-Cichoń ◽

Ryszard Miętkiewski ◽

Mieczysław Żurek

Keyword(s):

Beauveria Bassiana ◽

Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽

Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽

Galleria Mellonella ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Fungal Growth ◽

Apple Orchard ◽

Paecilomyces Fumosoroseus ◽

Arable Field

The growth colonies' morphology and sporulation of entomopathogenic fungi was estimated on Sabouraud medium containing botanical fungicides (Bioczos liquid and Biosept 33 SL), and synthetic ones (Teldor 500 SC and Sumilex 500 SC). Entomopathogenic fungi (Beauveria bassiana (Balls.) Vuill., Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sorok, and Paecilomyces fumosoroseus (Wize) Brown et Smith.), were isolated from soil by means of Galleria mellonella larvae as baits. Isolates Bb I, Ma I, Pf I derivered from herbicide fallow from apple orchard and isolates Bb II, Ma II and Pf II from arable field adjacent to orchard. Fungicides were added to Sabouraud medium at the following concentrations: A-recommended dose, B-10-times lower than the recommended, C-100-times lower than the recommended. The growth of colonies their morphological changes and sporulations were estimated after 5 and 20 days. The same parametrs were observed when fungi were transfered from the medium containing fungicides on the medium with out fungicides. From botanical fungicides Bioczos liquid inhibited fungal growth more than Biosept 33 SL. Both of fungicides were most toxic to fungi at concentration A. Both of P. fumosoroseus isolates were the most sensitive to Bioczos liquid and M. anisopliae to Biosept 33 SL. All concentrations of synthetic fungicides (Sumilex 500 SC, Teldor 500 SC) restricted growth of B. bassiana and M. anisopliae isolates more from arable soil than from herbicide fallow but opposite reaction was found with respect to P. fumosoroseus.

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Phenotypic, molecular, and virulence characterization of entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana (Balsam) Vuillemin, and Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschn.) Sorokin from soil samples of Ethiopia for the development of mycoinsecticide

Heliyon ◽

10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07091 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (5) ◽

pp. e07091

Author(s):

Amha Gebremariam ◽

Yonas Chekol ◽

Fassil Assefa

Keyword(s):

Beauveria Bassiana ◽

Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽

Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽

Soil Samples

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Evaluation of the Entomopathogenic Fungi Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, and Isaria fumosorosea for Control of Sitophilus oryzae

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-13-196 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 77 (1) ◽

pp. 87-93 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

NICKOLAS G. KAVALLIERATOS ◽

CHRISTOS G. ATHANASSIOU ◽

MARIA M. AOUNTALA ◽

DEMETRIUS C. KONTODIMAS

Keyword(s):

Beauveria Bassiana ◽

Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽

Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽

Galleria Mellonella ◽

Sitophilus Oryzae ◽

Exposure Period ◽

Isaria Fumosorosea ◽

Stored Grain ◽

Stored Grain Pest ◽

Petri Dishes

The entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, and Isaria fumosorosea were tested against the stored-grain pest Sitophilus oryzae. The fungi were isolated from the soil (from three locations in Attica, Greece: B. bassiana from Tatoion, M. anisopliae from Marathon, and I. fumosorosea from Aghios Stefanos) using larvae of Galleria mellonella as bait. Suspensions of 2.11 × 107 and 2.11 × 108, 1.77 × 107 and 1.77 × 108, and 1.81 × 107 and 1.81 × 108 conidia per ml of B. bassiana, M. anisopliae, and I. fumosorosea, respectively, were applied by three treatments: (i) sprayed on food and set in petri dishes with adults of S. oryzae, (ii) sprayed on adults of S. oryzae and set in petri dishes without food, and (iii) sprayed on adults of S. oryzae and set in petri dishes with food. The observed mortality of S. oryzae adults during the overall exposure period for the lowest, as well as for the highest, concentrations of B. bassiana, M. anisopliae, and I. fumosorosea ranged from 0 to 100%. Concentration was, in most of the cases tested, a critical parameter that determined the “speed of kill” of the exposed insect species for B. bassiana and M. anisopliae. Conversely, concentration was not that critical for I. fumosorosea, and survival was high in some of the combinations tested, even after 14 days of exposure. Both in the highest and the lowest concentrations of fungi, the mortality of S. oryzae adults was higher when the fungi were applied on adults than when they were applied on food. Higher mortality was observed when food was absent than when food was present, in most of the cases tested. The high efficacy levels recorded in the current study indicate that the tested fungi could be effective biocontrol agents against S. oryzae.

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Different strategies to kill the host presented byMetarhizium anisopliaeandBeauveria bassiana

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/cjm-2017-0517 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 64 (3) ◽

pp. 191-200 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Cynthia Barbosa Rustiguel ◽

María Fernández-Bravo ◽

Luis Henrique Souza Guimarães ◽

Enrique Quesada-Moraga

Keyword(s):

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Beauveria Bassiana ◽

Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽

Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽

Galleria Mellonella ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Fungal Growth ◽

Growth Strategy

Studies conducted over the last decades have shown the potential of entomopathogenic fungi for the biocontrol of some insect pests. Entomopathogenic fungi infect their host through the cuticle, so they do not need to be ingested to be effective. These fungi also secrete secondary metabolites and proteins that are toxic to insect pests. In this context, we analyzed the pathogenicity of Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschn.) strains IBCB 384 and IBCB 425 and Beauveria bassiana (Bals.-Criv.) Vuill. strains E 1764 and E 3158 against Galleria mellonella (Linn.) larvae, during pre-invasion and post-invasion phases. The results showed M. anisopliae, especially strain IBCB 384, was most virulent in the pre-invasion phase against G. mellonella, whereas B. bassiana, especially strain E 1764, was most virulent in the post-invasion phase. During in vivo development and in the production of toxic serum, B. bassiana E 3158 was the most virulent. Different fungal growth (or toxin) strategies were observed for studied strains. Metarhizium anisopliae IBCB 425 prioritizes the growth strategy, whereas strain IBCB 384 and B. bassiana strains E 1764 and E 3158 have a toxic strategy. All strains have pathogenicity against G. mellonella, indicating their possible use for biocontrol.

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Entomopathogenic fungi of soils of freshwater swamps, tidal lowlands, peatlands, and highlands of South Sumatra, Indonesia

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity ◽

10.13057/biodiv/d190647 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 19 (6) ◽

pp. 2365-2373 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

AYU SAFITRI ◽

SITI HERLINDA ◽

ARUM SETIAWAN

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Beauveria Bassiana ◽

Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽

Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Vegetation Type ◽

Tenebrio Molitor ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Fungal Isolates

Safitri A, Herlinda S, Setiawan A. 2018. Entomopathogenic fungi of soils of freshwater swamps, tidal lowlands, peatlands, and highlands of South Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 2365-2373. Ecosystems of lowlands and highlands in South Sumatra have specific characteristics of soils and vegetations that can affect the availability of entomopathogenic fungi. This study aimed to explore and identify species and to determine inoculum potentials of the entomopathogenic fungi from soils of freshwater swamps, tidal lowlands, peatlands, and highlands. Baiting of entomopathogenic fungi on soil samples used the larvae of Tenebrio molitor. The entomopathogenic fungi species found in this research were Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae. The number of the fungal isolates were 30 isolates consisting of nine isolates of B. bassiana and 21 isolates of M. anisopliae.The highest number of isolates was found in the highland ecosystem (11 isolates) and the lowest was found in peatland ecosystem (4 isolates). The highest percentage average of inoculum potentials of the fungi was found in the high land ecosystem (4.04%) and the lowest one was found in freshwater swamps ecosystem (2.11%). Based on the vegetation type, the soil planted with mustard in Talang Patai-Pagaralam (highland ecosystem) had the highest inoculum potentials (9.33%). These fungi will make an important contribution to the biological control for insect pests in lowland to highland ecosystems in Indonesia.

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Entomopathogenic fungi isolated in the vicinity of Szczecin

Acta Mycologica ◽

10.5586/am.1998.011 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 33 (1) ◽

pp. 123-130 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ryszard Miętkiewicz ◽

Magdalena Dzięgielewska ◽

Krystyna Janowicz

Keyword(s):

Forest Soil ◽

Beauveria Bassiana ◽

Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽

Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽

Entomopathogenic Fungus ◽

Dominant Species ◽

Beech Forest ◽

Meadow Soil ◽

Paecilomyces Farinosus ◽

Opposite Tendency

The spectrum and occurrence of entomopathogenic fungi in litter beech forest. meadow soil and arable soil were evaluated using an "insect bait method". Soil and litter samples taken in autumn and spring from each stand were baited with G. mellonella larvae at 22°C. Six species of entomopathogenic fungi infected these larvae. In the litter Beauveria bassiana was the dominant species. Besides B. bassiana, 23% of G. mellonella larvae were infected by Paecilomyces farinosus in autumn. In the forest soil the dominant entomopathogenic fungus was not found. In this stand the number of infected larvae was the lowest. Metarhizium anisopliae was the dominant species in the meadow soil in both sampling periods. In the soil taken from a rye field P. fumosoroseus and B. bassiana infected G. mellonella larvae almost to the same degree. It was established that B. bassiana and M. anisopliae infected more G. mellonella larvae in spring than in autumn. In the case of P. farinosus and P. fumosoroseus an opposite tendency was observed.

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Occurrence of the entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana in soils from temperate and near-northern habitats

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b98-115 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 76 (7) ◽

pp. 1198-1204 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Michael J Bidochka ◽

June E Kasperski ◽

Geoffrey AM Wild

Keyword(s):

Beauveria Bassiana ◽

Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽

Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽

Population Biology ◽

Galleria Mellonella ◽

Natural Habitat ◽

Abundant Species ◽

Fungal Population ◽

Natural Habitats ◽

Agricultural Habitat

The occurrence of deuteromycetous entomopathogenic fungi was examined in 266 soil samples representing 86 locations across temperate and near northern habitats in Ontario, Canada. Entomopathogenic fungi were isolated by baiting the soil with waxworm larvae, Galleria mellonella L., and incubating at 8, 15, or 25°C. Entomopathogenic fungi were isolated from 91% of the locations sampled across Ontario. The most abundant species were Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschn.) Sorok. (357 isolates) and Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. (187 isolates). Thirteen isolates of Paecilomyces spp. were also found. Beauveria bassiana was isolated more frequently in soils from near northern locations, relative to M. anisopliae. Beauveria bassiana was isolated more frequently from larvae baited in soils incubated at 8 and 15°C, while M. anisopliae was isolated most frequently at 25°C. Thus, B. bassiana is more psychrophilic than M. anisopliae. From 47 of the locations in a temperate area (southern Ontario and the Kawartha Lakes region), two sites, one from an agricultural habitat and one from a natural habitat, were sampled within 1 km of each other. In these locations, B. bassiana was predominantly recovered more often from soils of natural habitats, while M. anisopliae was recovered more often in agricultural habitats. The occurrence of M. anisopliae and B. bassiana was not related to soil type or pH.Key words: Metarhizium, Beauveria, entomopathogenic fungi, fungal population biology, soil ecology.

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Occurrence of entomopathogenic fungi in arable soil and meadow soil

Acta Mycologica ◽

10.5586/am.1992.017 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 197-203 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ryszard Miętkowski ◽

Cezary Tkaczyk ◽

Ludwik Zasada

Keyword(s):

Beauveria Bassiana ◽

Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽

Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽

Arable Soil ◽

Meadow Soil ◽

Paecilomyces Farinosus ◽

Arable Field ◽

Laspeyresia Pomonella

The samples of soil for experiment were taken from arable field and meadow. Larvae of Laspeyresia pomonella and Plodia interpuactella were used as an "insect bait" for isolation of entomopathogenic fungi from the soil. Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, Paecilomyces farinosus and P. fumosoroseus were isolated from both kinds of soil.

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