scholarly journals Effect of fungal communities from the environment of culture of Trifolium pratense L. Dactylis glomerata L. on fungi pathogennic for clover.

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-53
Author(s):  
Maria Dorenda

Thebiotic function of communities of saprophytic fungi in the soil, rhizosphere, planospohere and roots of clover, orchard grass and their mixed cultures in respect to selected pathogenes of clover was examined. The pathogens were <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> f. sp. <i>trifolii</i> and <i>Sclerotinia trifoliorum</i>. These communities were not able to resist <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> f. sp. <i>trifolii</i>. However, most of the components of these communities limited the development of <i>Sclerotinia trifoliorum</i>.

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanda Truszkowska ◽  
Barbara Kalińska

Knowledge of fungal communities within cultures of clover planted into barley and clover with cocksfoot grass may be used to evaluate the antiphytopathogenic potential of the environment. Observation of the lack of common pathogenic fungi and the sensitivity of <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> populations to agroecological conditions indicates the possibility of influencing the healthiness of the clover by agrotechnical methods.


2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Dorenda

The communities of fungi in the soil, rhizosphere, planosphere and roots of <i>Trifolium pratense</i> L. and <i>Dactylis glomerata</i> L. were examined in pure and mixed crops. The plants were cultivated for four years under mountain conditions . The formation of these communities and the changes taking place in them depending on the plants and the years of culture were examined. No species pathogenic for clover and cocksfoot were observed in these mined. No species pathogenic for clover and cocksfoot were observed in these communities.


Biologia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 653-663
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Możdżeń ◽  
Beata Barabasz-Krasny ◽  
Alina Stachurska-Swakoń ◽  
Peiman Zandi ◽  
Joanna Puła ◽  
...  

Biologia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 665-667
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Możdżeń ◽  
Beata Barabasz-Krasny ◽  
Alina Stachurska-Swakoń ◽  
Peiman Zandi ◽  
Joanna Puła ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Н.В. АЛДОШИН ◽  
А.С. ВАСИЛЬЕВ ◽  
В.В. ГОЛУБЕВ ◽  
А.А. ЦЫМБАЛ

Проблема и цель. Целью настоящей работы являлась разработка эффективной конструкции перемешивающего устройства для приготовления посевного материала травосмесей, а также лабораторные исследования результативности работы смесителя. Методология. Для достижения цели объектом исследования выбран экспериментальный смеситель семян, позволяющий осуществлять высококачественное перемешивание семенного материала многолетних трав, отличающийся различными размерно-массовыми параметрами. В ходе проведения исследований была разработана и изготовлена работоспособная конструкция смесителя, защищённая патентом РФ, позволяющая осуществлять высококачественное перемешивание семян, характеризующееся также низким травмирующим воздействием на смешиваемые компоненты. Это, в частности, подтверждено результатами определения основных посевных характеристик – лабораторной всхожести и энергии прорастания, значения которых, как правило, только возрастали, что связано с оказываемым физическим воздействием на достаточно плотные семенные оболочки семян трав, способствующим в условиях достаточной влагообеспеченности улучшению их прорастания. Определение эффективности разных способов приготовления травосмесей осуществлялось инструментально при помощи литровой пурки, для чего до начала и после окончания процесса смешивания проводили определение натуры семян перемешиваемых культур. Результаты. Выявлено, что оптимальным эксплуатационным режимом для приготовления травосмеси, состоящей из клевера лугового, овсяницы луговой, тимофеевки луговой, а также ежи сборной и овсяницы луговой является восьмиминутное смешивание с частотой вращения рабочего органа 16 об/мин; смеси, состоящей из райграса пастбищного, ежи сборной, мятлика лугового – 12 минут при 16 об/мин; из райграса пастбищного, клевера ползучего, клевера лугового, тимофеевки луговой – 10 минут при 12 об/мин. Заключение. Реализуемая тенденция изменения объемной массы травосмесей в зависимости от режимов работы экспериментального смесителя объясняется, прежде всего, различными геометрическими параметрами перемешиваемого материала, что практически нивелирует возможность унификации процесса смешивания для смесей семян многолетних трав в целом. Следующим этапом является исследование качества полученных кормов в зависимости от пропорций перемешиваемого материала. Problem and purpose. The purpose of this work was to develop an efective design of a mixing device for preparing seed of grass mixtures, as well as laboratory studies of the efectiveness of the mixer. Methodology. To achieve the goal, an experimental seed mixer was chosen as the object of the study, which allows high-quality mixing of seed material of perennial grasses, difering in diferent size-mass parameters. During the implementation of the research work, it was developed, a workable design of the mixer was made, protected by a Russian patent, which allows high-quality mixing of seeds, which is also characterized by a low traumatic efect on the mixed components, which, in particular, is confrmed by the results of determining the main sowing characteristics- laboratory germination and germination energy, the values of which, as a rule, only increased, which is associated with the physical efect exerted on the sufciently dense seed coat of grass seeds, which, under conditions of sufcient moisture supply, improves their germination. Determination of the efectiveness of diferent methods of preparation of grass mixtures was carried out instrumentally using a liter purr, for which, before and after the end of the mixing process, the nature of the seeds of the mixed crops was determined. Results. It was revealed that the optimal operating mode for preparing a grass mixture consisting of Trifolium pratense L., Festuca pratensis Huds., Phlum pratense L., as well as Dactylis glomerata L. and Festuca pratensis Huds. is an eight-minute mixing with a working speed of 16 rpm, from Lolium perenne L., Dactylis glomerata L., Poa pratensis L.-12 minutes at 16 rpm; from Lolium perenne L., Trifolium repens, Trifolium pratense L., Phlum pratense L. – 10 minutes at 12 rpm. Conclusion. The realizable tendency to change the volumetric mass of grass mixtures depending on the operating modes of the experimental mixer is explained, frst of all, by diferent geometric parameters of the mixed material, which practically negates the possibility of unifying the mixing process for mixtures of seeds of perennial grasses as a whole. The next step is to study the quality of the resulting feed, depending on the proportions of the mixed material.


2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
Edmundo Apráez G. ◽  
Arturo Gálvez C. ◽  
Carlos Jojoa R.

Se determinó la producción de gases (metano, AGVs) en algunos forrajes herbáceos, arbóreos y arbustivos de la región lechera del municipio de Pasto, en altitudes comprendidas entre 2600 a 3200 m.s.n.m. Para ello, se tomaron veinte muestras de praderas, entre monocultivo y mezcla, y de otras plantas que utilizan como alimento del ganado, entre los que se destacan: Holcus lanatus L., Dactylis glomerata L., Trifolium pratense L., Trifolium repens L., Pennisetum clandestinum, Lolium sp, Taraxacum officinale, Rumex crispus L., Phalaris sp, Plantago major L., Avena sativa L. y Smallanthus pyramidalis. Estas plantas fueron incubadas con heces bovinas frescas, los gases generados por esta fermentación se cuantificó utilizando un transductor de presión conectado a un lector digital. Las mediciones se realizaron a las 3, 6, 12, 24, 48 y 72 horas del proceso. La validación estadística se realizó mediante un modelo de medidas repetidas las medias fueron ajustadas y comparadas según la prueba de Tukey - Kramer. La pradera en mezcla de H. lanatus, Lolium sp., P. clandestinum, y T. repens presentó la mayor producción de gas metano con 560 ml/ Kg MS, y el ensilaje de A. sativa, la menor con 30 ml/Kg MS. La mayor degradabilidad de materia seca (DMO) se observó en A. sativa con 62,84%, y la menor en la mezcla de Lolium sp., T. repens con 29,79%. La mayor DMO se dio en la mezcla de P. clandestinum, H. lanatus y T. repens, con 91,34%, y en P. major con 82,50%. Los valores más altos de ácido propiónico se observaron en P. major, en Lolium sp., y en la mezcla de H. lanatus, Lolium sp., P. clandestinum, y T. repens con 920, 860, 860 ml/L respectivamente.


2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-34
Author(s):  
Maria Dorenda

Compositions of fungi communities in soil, rhizosphere, rhizoplane and roots of red clover and cocksfoot were analysed. All the changes occuring daring four-years, cultivation under mountain conditions were investigated. The effect of saprophytic fungi present in the analysed communitics on chosen red clover pathogens: <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> f. sp. <i>trifolii</i> and <i>Sclerotinia trifoliorum</i> was also studied.


2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 453-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Mersereau ◽  
A. DiTommaso

Galium mollugo L. (smooth bedstraw) is a long-lived perennial broadleaved plant that reproduces both vegetatively and by seed. Galium mollugo can be a strong competitor in long-lived forage crops such as bird’s-foot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.), timothy (Phleum pratense L.), and orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata L.), as well as in short-lived forage crops such as red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and yellow sweet-clover [Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam.]. It is also a problem weed in spruce plantations and re-vegetation areas. Livestock typically avoid this species, allowing it to become well-established in pastures where it outcompetes more favourable species. Moreover, G. mollugo is viewed as a successful invasive species because of its ability to colonize and proliferate in areas such as established meadows where most invasive species do not thrive. In natural meadow communities, G. mollugo is often a dominant species that is capable of colonizing areas left vacant by the death and/or displacement of other species. Under favourable conditions, G. mollugo growth and clonal expansion can increase rapidly. Galium mollugo is generally tolerant to herbicides such as 2,4-D, MCPA, 2,4-DB, and dicamba. Key words: Smooth bedstraw, GALMO, Galium mollugo, Rubiaceae, weed biology, pastures


2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-281
Author(s):  
Maria Kutrzeba

Fungal communities isolated from the soil, rhizoplane, rhizosphere, and roots of three varieties of <i>Dactylis glomerata</i> L. (Brudzynska, Motycka and Nakielska) cultivated in mountain conditions were examined. Two species pathogenic for <i>D. glomerata, Fusarium avenaceum</i> and <i>F. culmorum</i> were observed. Then pathogenicity in respect to the three varieties was examined and the effect of particular fungal communities on the pathogenic fungi was established.


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