scholarly journals The communities of fungi occurring in the red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and red clover with cocksfoot grass (Dactylis glomerata L.) cultivations on the lowland

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanda Truszkowska ◽  
Barbara Kalińska

Knowledge of fungal communities within cultures of clover planted into barley and clover with cocksfoot grass may be used to evaluate the antiphytopathogenic potential of the environment. Observation of the lack of common pathogenic fungi and the sensitivity of <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> populations to agroecological conditions indicates the possibility of influencing the healthiness of the clover by agrotechnical methods.

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-53
Author(s):  
Maria Dorenda

Thebiotic function of communities of saprophytic fungi in the soil, rhizosphere, planospohere and roots of clover, orchard grass and their mixed cultures in respect to selected pathogenes of clover was examined. The pathogens were <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> f. sp. <i>trifolii</i> and <i>Sclerotinia trifoliorum</i>. These communities were not able to resist <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> f. sp. <i>trifolii</i>. However, most of the components of these communities limited the development of <i>Sclerotinia trifoliorum</i>.


2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-281
Author(s):  
Maria Kutrzeba

Fungal communities isolated from the soil, rhizoplane, rhizosphere, and roots of three varieties of <i>Dactylis glomerata</i> L. (Brudzynska, Motycka and Nakielska) cultivated in mountain conditions were examined. Two species pathogenic for <i>D. glomerata, Fusarium avenaceum</i> and <i>F. culmorum</i> were observed. Then pathogenicity in respect to the three varieties was examined and the effect of particular fungal communities on the pathogenic fungi was established.


Biologia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 653-663
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Możdżeń ◽  
Beata Barabasz-Krasny ◽  
Alina Stachurska-Swakoń ◽  
Peiman Zandi ◽  
Joanna Puła ◽  
...  

Biologia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 665-667
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Możdżeń ◽  
Beata Barabasz-Krasny ◽  
Alina Stachurska-Swakoń ◽  
Peiman Zandi ◽  
Joanna Puła ◽  
...  

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. C. Venuto ◽  
R. R. Smith ◽  
C. R. Grau

In Wisconsin, Fusarium oxysporum, Schlect., a pathogen causing vascular wilt, is the most prevalent fungal pathogen recovered from diseased red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) plants. This study was conducted to determine the mode of inheritance for red clover resistance to this pathogen and to develop resistant germplasm. Virulent isolates of this pathogen, collected from red clover plants at the Ashland Research Station, Ashland, Wisconsin, were used to screen three populations, the red clover cultivars Arlington and Marathon and the C11 germplasm, for resistant plants. Plants were inoculated with the pathogen and evaluated for reaction, using a disease-severity index (DSI) score from 1 to 5 (1 = no reaction, 5 = plant dead). Selected plants from each cycle were intercrossed to produce subsequent generations. After two and three cycles of selection, the developed populations were simultaneously evaluated for gain from selection. The gain from selection for resistance in these populations (cycle 0 minus cycle 2) ranged from 0.31 to 0.48, 0.12 to 0.75, and 0.13 to 0.83 DSI units, respectively, for Arlington, Marathon, and C11. Estimated narrow-sense heritabilities, based on cycle-1 and cycle-2 progeny, were, respectively, 0.20 and 0.37 for Arlington, 0.15 and 0.13 for Marathon, and 0.06 and 0.17 for C11. These results indicate that resistance is a quantitative trait controlled by many loci, each contributing some portion to overall resistance in the host. Key words: Red clover, Trifolium pratense L., Fusarium oxysporum, vascular wilt, resistance


Author(s):  
Н.В. АЛДОШИН ◽  
А.С. ВАСИЛЬЕВ ◽  
В.В. ГОЛУБЕВ ◽  
А.А. ЦЫМБАЛ

Проблема и цель. Целью настоящей работы являлась разработка эффективной конструкции перемешивающего устройства для приготовления посевного материала травосмесей, а также лабораторные исследования результативности работы смесителя. Методология. Для достижения цели объектом исследования выбран экспериментальный смеситель семян, позволяющий осуществлять высококачественное перемешивание семенного материала многолетних трав, отличающийся различными размерно-массовыми параметрами. В ходе проведения исследований была разработана и изготовлена работоспособная конструкция смесителя, защищённая патентом РФ, позволяющая осуществлять высококачественное перемешивание семян, характеризующееся также низким травмирующим воздействием на смешиваемые компоненты. Это, в частности, подтверждено результатами определения основных посевных характеристик – лабораторной всхожести и энергии прорастания, значения которых, как правило, только возрастали, что связано с оказываемым физическим воздействием на достаточно плотные семенные оболочки семян трав, способствующим в условиях достаточной влагообеспеченности улучшению их прорастания. Определение эффективности разных способов приготовления травосмесей осуществлялось инструментально при помощи литровой пурки, для чего до начала и после окончания процесса смешивания проводили определение натуры семян перемешиваемых культур. Результаты. Выявлено, что оптимальным эксплуатационным режимом для приготовления травосмеси, состоящей из клевера лугового, овсяницы луговой, тимофеевки луговой, а также ежи сборной и овсяницы луговой является восьмиминутное смешивание с частотой вращения рабочего органа 16 об/мин; смеси, состоящей из райграса пастбищного, ежи сборной, мятлика лугового – 12 минут при 16 об/мин; из райграса пастбищного, клевера ползучего, клевера лугового, тимофеевки луговой – 10 минут при 12 об/мин. Заключение. Реализуемая тенденция изменения объемной массы травосмесей в зависимости от режимов работы экспериментального смесителя объясняется, прежде всего, различными геометрическими параметрами перемешиваемого материала, что практически нивелирует возможность унификации процесса смешивания для смесей семян многолетних трав в целом. Следующим этапом является исследование качества полученных кормов в зависимости от пропорций перемешиваемого материала. Problem and purpose. The purpose of this work was to develop an efective design of a mixing device for preparing seed of grass mixtures, as well as laboratory studies of the efectiveness of the mixer. Methodology. To achieve the goal, an experimental seed mixer was chosen as the object of the study, which allows high-quality mixing of seed material of perennial grasses, difering in diferent size-mass parameters. During the implementation of the research work, it was developed, a workable design of the mixer was made, protected by a Russian patent, which allows high-quality mixing of seeds, which is also characterized by a low traumatic efect on the mixed components, which, in particular, is confrmed by the results of determining the main sowing characteristics- laboratory germination and germination energy, the values of which, as a rule, only increased, which is associated with the physical efect exerted on the sufciently dense seed coat of grass seeds, which, under conditions of sufcient moisture supply, improves their germination. Determination of the efectiveness of diferent methods of preparation of grass mixtures was carried out instrumentally using a liter purr, for which, before and after the end of the mixing process, the nature of the seeds of the mixed crops was determined. Results. It was revealed that the optimal operating mode for preparing a grass mixture consisting of Trifolium pratense L., Festuca pratensis Huds., Phlum pratense L., as well as Dactylis glomerata L. and Festuca pratensis Huds. is an eight-minute mixing with a working speed of 16 rpm, from Lolium perenne L., Dactylis glomerata L., Poa pratensis L.-12 minutes at 16 rpm; from Lolium perenne L., Trifolium repens, Trifolium pratense L., Phlum pratense L. – 10 minutes at 12 rpm. Conclusion. The realizable tendency to change the volumetric mass of grass mixtures depending on the operating modes of the experimental mixer is explained, frst of all, by diferent geometric parameters of the mixed material, which practically negates the possibility of unifying the mixing process for mixtures of seeds of perennial grasses as a whole. The next step is to study the quality of the resulting feed, depending on the proportions of the mixed material.


1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 903-912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. A. PAPADOPOULOS ◽  
B. D. McKERSIE

Protein hydrolysis was examined during wilting and ensiling of first and second cut herbage of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.), orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) and timothy (Phleum pratense L.). During a 24-h wilting period, protein was hydrolyzed to soluble non-protein nitrogen (SNPN) more extensively in first cut than in second cut herbage. In both cuts the amount of protein hydrolysis occurring during wilting was greatest in alfalfa and least in red clover. After 30 days ensiling at 30 °C, SNPN content, expressed as percent of total nitrogen, was influenced by forage species, dry matter (DM) content, and cut. The extent of protein hydrolysis during ensiling was highest in alfalfa and lowest in red clover. In first cut silages, protein hydrolysis increased with DM content, but in the second cut silages, protein hydrolysis decreased as DM content increased. The amount of protein hydrolyzed during wilting or ensiling was not correlated with plant proteinase activity measured using azocasein as substrate. Consequently, the properties of the plant proteolytic enzymes associated with each species as well as the management of the forage prior to ensiling appear to influence the extent of proteolysis.Key words: Proteolysis, silage, haylage, proteinase


2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
Edmundo Apráez G. ◽  
Arturo Gálvez C. ◽  
Carlos Jojoa R.

Se determinó la producción de gases (metano, AGVs) en algunos forrajes herbáceos, arbóreos y arbustivos de la región lechera del municipio de Pasto, en altitudes comprendidas entre 2600 a 3200 m.s.n.m. Para ello, se tomaron veinte muestras de praderas, entre monocultivo y mezcla, y de otras plantas que utilizan como alimento del ganado, entre los que se destacan: Holcus lanatus L., Dactylis glomerata L., Trifolium pratense L., Trifolium repens L., Pennisetum clandestinum, Lolium sp, Taraxacum officinale, Rumex crispus L., Phalaris sp, Plantago major L., Avena sativa L. y Smallanthus pyramidalis. Estas plantas fueron incubadas con heces bovinas frescas, los gases generados por esta fermentación se cuantificó utilizando un transductor de presión conectado a un lector digital. Las mediciones se realizaron a las 3, 6, 12, 24, 48 y 72 horas del proceso. La validación estadística se realizó mediante un modelo de medidas repetidas las medias fueron ajustadas y comparadas según la prueba de Tukey - Kramer. La pradera en mezcla de H. lanatus, Lolium sp., P. clandestinum, y T. repens presentó la mayor producción de gas metano con 560 ml/ Kg MS, y el ensilaje de A. sativa, la menor con 30 ml/Kg MS. La mayor degradabilidad de materia seca (DMO) se observó en A. sativa con 62,84%, y la menor en la mezcla de Lolium sp., T. repens con 29,79%. La mayor DMO se dio en la mezcla de P. clandestinum, H. lanatus y T. repens, con 91,34%, y en P. major con 82,50%. Los valores más altos de ácido propiónico se observaron en P. major, en Lolium sp., y en la mezcla de H. lanatus, Lolium sp., P. clandestinum, y T. repens con 920, 860, 860 ml/L respectivamente.


1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 809-818 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Bidlack ◽  
D. R. Buxton

Cell-wall (CW) components greatly influence digestibility of forages as they mature. There is only limited information on the timing of rates of deposition of CW components. This investigation examined differences in CW and CW component deposition in greenhouse-grown alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), birds-foot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.), red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.), and switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.). Plant material was sampled from the basal 10 cm of forage after harvesting at 3–5 cm above the soil level. Samples analyzed included sheaths from orchardgrass, sheaths and stems from bromegrass and switch-grass, and stems from all legumes. After establishment and herbage removal, samples were collected biweekly between 2 and 10 wk of regrowth. Results indicated that, except for orchardgrass, maximum rates of CW and CW component deposition usually occurred earlier in legumes compared with those of grasses. Maximum CW deposition for all species occurred within 1–3 d of maximum dry weight deposition. Among CW components in grasses and legumes, maximum deposition of hemicellulose occurred first, followed by that of cellulose (1–6 d later), and then lignin (up to 14 d after maximum hemicellulose deposition). Maximum cellulose deposition in all species occurred at the same time as maximum CW deposition.Key words: Cell wall, deposition, cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, forage


1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. T. Kunelius ◽  
K. B. McRae

Forage chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) was grown alone and in combination with various grasses and legumes for three production years to determine growth, botanical composition, and persistence. Chicory mixed with grasses and legumes produced greater yields than chicory alone. Mixtures of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) + white clover (Trifolium repens L.), timothy (Phleum pratense L.) + alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), and timothy + red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) in combination with chicory produced the highest dry matter yields. Persistence of chicory was adequate; it survived for three production years in the cold-winter region of Atlantic Canada. Including chicory in grass/legume swards improved the seasonal distribution of herbage and increased late season production. Key words: Botanical composition, Cichorium intybus L., combinations, mixtures, persistence, seasonal yield distribution


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