Assessment of the Economic Effects of the Third Sector in the Tourism Area

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 209-226
Author(s):  
Teresa Skalska
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Third Sector ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Volunteer Work ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Full Time ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Third Sector ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose. The aim of the paper was to present the scope of functioning of non-profit institutions in the tourism economy, to indicate methods of assessing its impact on the tourist market, analysis regarding the possibility of including the economic effects of this activity in the currently used measurement methods, Tourism Satellite Account being among them. Method. A deductive approach based on literature was the main method applied; additionally, a review of regulations and methodological recommendations of international organizations, statistical offices and the results of empirical research carried out within third sector units in Poland were used; a special role was played by data from research carried out by the Klon/ Jawor Association on a nationwide, representative sample of 3,800 units. Findings. Such methods of assessing the economic effects of the third sector as satellite accounts of non-governmental institutions, including the ngo in satellite accounts for particular sectors (e.g.. satellite tourism account) and statistical observations were identified and characterized. A number of difficulties were also pointed out, including the full identification of third sector entities and the scope of their activities, information gaps for those units that are not sufficiently institutionalized and the value of volunteer work. Volunteer work within organizations dealing with sport, tourism, recreation and hobbies accounted for 14% of the total volume of volunteering (i.e. 21,400 full-time jobs with a work value of approx. PLN 728 million). Additionally, in culture and art - the sector important for tourism - it was 12,200 full-time employees with a value of approx. PLN 420 million, respectively. Research and conclusions limitations. The empirical part of the paper is based on a representative sample of non-governmental organizations. Despite the large sample, however, it cannot be considered as fully representative of the tourism area; the analysis includes all units indicating tourism and recreation that were included in the sample. Practical implications. The article has no direct practical implications, although the conclusions which were formulated can be used to improve the tools for assessing the economic effects of the third sector in the field of tourism. Originality. Previous research does not address the problem of estimating the economic effects of the third sector in the field of tourism. Type of paper. The article presents both theoretical concepts and the results of empirical research.

scholarly journals The Prevalence and Distribution of High Salaries in English and Welsh Charities

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-191
Author(s):  
John Mohan ◽  
Stephen McKay
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Third Sector ◽  
Senior Staff ◽  
Public Discussion ◽  
The Third ◽  
Charity Commission ◽  
The Third Sector

There has recently been public discussion of the rewards available to senior staff in English and Welsh charities. However, that discussion is usually based on examples of individual salaries, or on unrepresentative and small subsets of the charity population. To provide a robust and informed basis for debate, we have conducted analyses of evidence on the payment of high salaries (defined as the numbers of people paid above £60,000 p.a., a reporting threshold used by the Charity Commission) in: (a) a representative sample of c.10,000 English and Welsh charities, and (b) surveys of individuals regarding comparative salary levels in different sectors of the economy. Overall, survey data show that the proportion of staff in receipt of high salaries is lower than average in the third sector than in other sectors. Information from charity annual accounts is used to demonstrate which charities are more likely than others to pay such salaries, and to relate the likelihood of paying high salaries to charity characteristics (income, location and subsector). We show that the distribution of high pay in the charitable sector is largely a function of the size and complexity of organisations, and is generally unrelated to subsector or income mix.

Financial reporting in non-governmental organizations - legislation versus business practice

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Dorota Jegorow
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Third Sector ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Business Practice ◽  
Volunteer Work ◽  
The Third ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
The Third Sector

The analysis presented in the pages of this paper is focused on identifying new dimension of quality of financial reporting entities NGOs. The research process is based on the literature studies, analysis of existing legal acts and opinions of specialists practitioners - representatives of the third sector. Contrary to the expectations and assumptions of the architects of new solutions entered in the amended in 2015. Accounting Act in practice translate into significant decrease in the reporting obligations of NGOs. The scope of financial reporting, although formally been reduced, in practice, the solutions adopted have not been adapted to the specific NGOs, especially those based on the volunteer work and aimed at realization of socially useful.

scholarly journals Reclaiming the “Third Sector” from “Civil Society”

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jocelyn Viterna ◽  
Emily Clough ◽  
Killian Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Third Sector ◽  
Theoretical Construct ◽  
The Third ◽  
Power Resources ◽  
The Third Sector ◽  
Development Ngos ◽  
Theoretical Analyses

Civil society is one of the most widely used—and widely maligned—concepts in development studies. In this paper, we argue that much confusion regarding civil society stems from the omnibus nature of its conceptualization. We consider civil society to be an omnibus concept because it has been imbued with several distinct meanings—a normative meaning (civil society as civilized), a functional meaning (civil society as democratizing), and a structural meaning (civil society as a third sector). Using the example of humanitarian NGOs, we demonstrate how the omnibus nature of civil society resists systematization and requires scholars to make problematic assumptions when designing empirical research. As a solution, we propose replacing “civil society” in empirical research with the structural “third-sector” concept. This move narrows the gap between the actors that scholars study and the theoretical construct that they are supposed to represent; it brings the third sector into conceptual alignment with our understanding of the first and second sectors (the market and the state); and it improves our efforts to compare findings across cases and build generalized theories. It also enables scholars to consider questions of power, resources, and influence when studying development NGOs—questions that are difficult to ask when notions of “civil society” are defined as actors that understand, represent, and advocate on behalf of their “constituents.” We conclude that “civil society” as a concept should be maintained for theoretical analyses of what makes society civil but that empirical studies of development are best served by a third-sector approach.

Working under pressure: economic recession and third sector development in Europe

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (7/8) ◽  
pp. 547-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulla Pape ◽  
Rafael Chaves-Ávila ◽  
Joachim Benedikt Pahl ◽  
Francesca Petrella ◽  
Bartosz Pieliński ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Third Sector ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Policy Environment ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Third Sector ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – The context conditions for third sector organizations (TSOs) in Europe have significantly changed as a result of the global economic crisis, including decreasing levels of public funding and changing modes of relations with the state. The effect of economic recession, however, varies across Europe. The purpose of this paper is to understand why this is the case. It analyses the impact of economic recession and related policy changes on third sector development in Europe. The economic effects on TSOs are thereby placed into a broader context of changing third sector policies and welfare state restructuring. Design/methodology/approach – The paper focusses on two research questions: how has the changing policy environment affected the development of the third sector? And what kind of strategies have TSOs adopted to respond to these changes? The paper first investigates general trends in Europe, based on a conceptual model that focusses on economic recession and austerity policies with regard to the third sector. In a second step of analysis, the paper provides five country case studies that exemplify policy changes and responses from the third sector in France, Germany, the Netherlands, Poland and Spain. Findings – The paper argues that three different development paths can be identified across Europe. In some countries (France and Spain), TSOs face a strong effect of economic recession. In other countries (Germany and Poland) the development of the third sector remains largely stable, albeit at different levels, whereas in the Netherlands, TSOs rather experience changes in the policy environment than a direct impact of economic decline. The paper also shows that response strategies of the third sector in Europe depend on the context conditions. The paper is based on the European project “Third Sector Impact.” It combines an analysis of statistical information with qualitative data from interviews with third sector representatives. Originality/value – The paper contributes to our understanding of the interrelation between economic recession, long-term policy changes and third sector development in Europe.

scholarly journals Celebrating partnership working between the third sector and the NHS

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (11) ◽  
pp. 724-725
Author(s):  
Alan Glasper
Keyword(s):  
Third Sector ◽  
Emeritus Professor ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Third Sector

Emeritus Professor Alan Glasper, University of Southampton, discusses the success of partnerships between the third sector and the NHS, which is crucial to improving care for people in society.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document