ANALYZING THE ROLE OF MARXIST, ALTHUSSERIAN AND FREUDIAN IDEOLOGIES IN THE MAKING OF MODERN WORLD THROUGH THE POST-WORLD WARS DYSTOPIAN FICTION

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 427-441
Author(s):  
Hassan Bin Zubair
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
New World ◽  
George Orwell ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Aldous Huxley ◽  
Dystopian Fiction ◽  
William Golding ◽  
Brave New World ◽  
Modern Era

This research explores the transition towards the modern era from the brutal scenario of World Wars I &II. Different kind of fiction was produced in this context and every writer has tried his/her level best to present that dilemma in his/her own way. It pre-sents a clear picture that which sort of elements were there to bring that specific change and transition towards the modern era in 20th century. It has brought the ur-ban settlements and rapid growth in the industrial deeds. During that specific time, fascism, consumer culture, surveillance, anti- intellectualism, media influence com-munism and totalitarianism were on the peak. All these factors lead the writers to create dystopian fiction and it formed a striking literary movement. This research is limited to the three dystopian novels of 20th century including Brave New World by Aldous Huxley, Lord of the Flies by William Golding and 1984 by George Orwell. This research is qualitative in nature, Marxist, Althusserian and Freudian theories support this research as a primary theoretical framework. This research is helpful to know about the Pre and Post World Wars scenario and to know about the socio-political scenario of the present day world.

scholarly journals Turning Romanticism on its Head: The Peripheral Symbolic Geography of Aldous Huxley and Ira Levin

Linguaculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-44
Author(s):  
Niculae Liviu Gheran
Keyword(s):  
New World ◽  
Social Values ◽  
Analytical Tool ◽  
George Orwell ◽  
Aldous Huxley ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Seminal Work ◽  
Symbolic Geography ◽  
Brave New World

Within the present paper, I aim to discuss how Aldous Huxley and Ira Levin have employed the peripheral symbolic geography of their two works (Brave New World and This Perfect Day) to articulate their debate between different sets of social values. Unlike other authors of negative utopias such as George Orwell or Yevgeny Zamyatin, neither Huxley nor Levin idealized pre-modern values. In order to highlight how the two articulated their views with the help of symbolic geography, I will also make use of Michel Foucault’s theoretical concepts of heterotopias, heterochrony as well as the ideas developed by the critics Michael Lowy and Robert Sayre in their seminal work Romanticism against the Tide of Modernity. My purpose is thus firstly to point out how and why Huxley and Levin divided the symbolic geography of their works in two parts as well as how they employed the Romantic critique of modernity. Secondly, I aim to show how despite using this analytical tool, they also employed symbolic geography with the purpose of turning the critique on its head, thus unveiling both its strong points as well as its shortcomings.

Aldous Huxley and the “Brave New World” of Architectural Modernism

2020 ◽  
pp. 81-128
Author(s):  
Ashley Maher
Keyword(s):  
New World ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Aldous Huxley ◽  
Animal Housing ◽  
Brave New World ◽  
Regent's Park ◽  
Architectural Modernism ◽  
Modern Movement

Using Aldous Huxley’s prolific body of architectural criticism, this chapter argues that Huxley evaluated political concepts—individualism, liberalism, uniformity—through analyzing the creations and rhetoric of the modern movement. While his brother Julian sponsored modernist animal housing at the Regent’s Park and Whipsnade Zoos as part of his efforts to imagine a more egalitarian Britain, Aldous reconfigured the structuring role of the household in the novel. His foundational dystopian narrative, Brave New World, merges fiction and criticism, as Huxley stages debates between literary advocates and a World Controller. What emerges is a politics of medium, whereby literature serves as a vehicle for liberalism. Against the uniformity and “over-organization” of architectural modernism, Huxley demonstrates the capaciousness and flexibility of the novel as a genre.

The historical role of the UN in the modern world

2021 ◽  
pp. 6-21
Author(s):  
L. Grishaeva
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
New World ◽  
International Security ◽  
Modern World ◽  
World War ◽  
Global Organization ◽  
Global Problems ◽  
Historical Role ◽  
Historical Origins

The author writes about the historical role of the United Nations in the modern world. About the historical origins of many of the problems facing the UN at the present time. About the UN as a global organization with universal competence and a broad representative composition. On the UN Charter, which is the basis for the legitimacy of decision-making to maintain peace and strengthen international security. On the urgent need to restore the rule of international law in solving global problems. On the erosion of the Yalta system and the need to preserve the unique architecture of the UN. About the reasons allowing the UN to prevent a new world war for 75 years.

Remarks by Sally March

2017 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 191-192
Author(s):  
Sally March
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
New World ◽  
Law Firm ◽  
Foreign Companies ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
American Law ◽  
Brave New World

Well, I moved to London thirty years ago, and I joined a small American law firm that was about to open in Moscow, to take advantage of the new opportunities for foreign companies to invest in what was then the Soviet Union. And I was not a Russian lawyer, and I didn't have any particular expertise in this field, but I found myself playing the role of the bridge. I was the bridge between the needs of the Western client and the abilities of the local Russian lawyers, and they were a bridge, a cultural as well as a legal bridge, for the clients to understand this brave new world in which they were trying to do business.

Semiotics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bob Hodge
Keyword(s):  
Literary Theory ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Intellectual Tradition ◽  
Founding Fathers ◽  
21St Century Literature ◽  
Irreducible Complexity ◽  
The Social ◽  
Intellectual Revolution ◽  
Modern Era

Semiotics refers to an intellectual tradition that deals with processes of making and interpreting meaning in all kinds of text, in all modes. However, semiotics was never integrated into mainstream disciplinary structures. Because of this marginal status semiotic tendencies flourished outside and between the major disciplines. As a discipline semiotics seems small, vulnerable and out-of-date. But as a broad intellectual tradition semiotics can be seen as a meta-theory which encompasses literary theory. This second perspective makes semiotics more useful for literary readers, and hence is emphasized in this chapter. Semiotics’ value is enhanced when it is seen as a complex, heterogeneous field with fuzzy boundaries and productive entanglements with literary objects and theories. “Semiotics” comes from Greek semeion (sign, omen, or trace), something that points towards important, often hidden meanings. Signs in this sense go beyond words and verbal media. This scope gives “semiotics” a radically disruptive quality. Western culture in the modern era has been based on the primacy of words as carriers of all meaning and thought. Semiotics is the site of a radical challenge to this dominance. Semiotics sees signs and meanings everywhere, in every mode, not just in words. The changing media of literature in the present and past raise many semiotic issues for literary theory. Poetry always carried meanings through sound as well as words. Drama needs to be performed. Film and multimedia carry the role of print fiction in new contexts. In the multimedia 21st century, literature has gone beyond writing, and its theories need a semiotic dimension. Semiotics has a divided history, with two founding fathers. Peirce emphasized complexity and flow, and Saussure emphasized structure. Before 1960 structuralism dominated, but by the end of the 20th century post-structuralism prevailed. Semiotics went underground, but left traces everywhere of the intellectual revolution it participated in. It helped to trigger the turn to meaning across the social sciences and celebrated the irreducible complexity and diversity of forms and meanings in literature and life in the modern world.

Fictional Directions

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Slusser
Keyword(s):  
Science Fiction ◽  
New World ◽  
Formative Period ◽  
Creative Activity ◽  
Character Type ◽  
Single Character ◽  
Brave New World

This chapter considers how Gregory Benford became a scientist-writer by focusing on the two directions that his subsequent fiction will take. As a writer, Benford came up through the science fiction pathway. The goal from the outset was to write serious fiction about the new world that science offered to mankind, and to present, in fictional works, the role of scientists in shaping and understanding that brave new world. Benford published his first novel in 1970, to be followed by a formative period of intense creative activity from the early 1970s to the early 1980s. This chapter examines how the interweaving of fictional directions in Benford's career as a scientist-writer find their common focus in the defining of a single character type—the scientist, or person of scientific vision, at work doing science. To this end, the chapter analyzes two “bookend” novels: Deeper than the Darkness (1970) and Against Infinity (1983).

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