The Image of Childhood in Pop Culture (Childhood in Crisis)

This article will focus on the importance of educational values instilled in teenage characters of the Twentieth and Twenty-first century English and American Literature. Education is a fundamental part of intellectual freedom and one of its main values is enhancing how children view, exist in, and participate in the world (Rothwell, 2013). The scope of what follows is to examine the image of childhood in popular culture, comparing two great novels, Lord of the Flies by William Golding and The Hunger Games written by American novelist Suzanne Collins. In both novels, children tend to get into various crises, as evidenced by contrasting images. It is here where the survival instinct becomes dominant and children lose their childhood together with their innocence.

Leitura literária em voz alta, em grupo on-line, em tempos de pandemia

Este trabalho apresenta um relato de experiência de leitura em voz alta, em grupo, em tempos de pandemia. A proposta de leitura, direcionada à formação do leitor literário em idade escolar, foi realizada no segundo semestre de 2020, como uma das ações do projeto de extensão, oriundo do Colégio de Aplicação (UFRGS), intitulado Mediação de Leitura e Escrita (MESCLE). A obra selecionada para leitura em grupo foi Senhor das Moscas, de William Golding ([1954] 2014). O grupo se reunia uma vez por semana em plataforma on-line, totalizando 15 encontros entre setembro e dezembro do referido ano. Objetivou-se com essa proposta de mediação de leitura, via ação de extensão, proporcionar a leitura de um texto literário em grupo com vistas ao compartilhamento de impressões de leitura, dando vez e voz aos jovens leitores em formação. Os pressupostos teóricos de Bajour (2012), de Cosson (2020), de Petit (2009-2013) e de Rouxel (2013) serviram de base para alicerçar as atividades de mediação de leitura planejadas para a ação de extensão, apontando para escolhas metodológicas, que, se bem observadas, recuperam aspectos presentes na natureza da recepção do texto literário, o que, por si só, já é uma sugestão de abordagem dessa modalidade de texto.

Authority and Revelation

This chapter tracks the ascetic ideal from its religious point of origin to some of its key manifestations in the realms of morality and aesthetics. It relates Nietzsche’s original critique to Kierkegaard’s critical advocacy of Christianity, and uses Cavell to show how the latter can help us to understand twentieth-century artistic modernism as genealogically related to religious and moral concerns. It also argues that contemporary debates between moral individualists and moral philosophers influenced by Wittgenstein (such as Raimond Gaita and Cora Diamond) can be understood as arguments over contemporary manifestations of the ascetic ideal in both religion and morality. The central themes of the chapter are then brought together in a reading of a novel by William Golding.

Golding’s Narrowed Attempts at Defining Human Nature in Lord of the Flies

This paper is an attempt to prove the assumption that William Golding is a failure who claims to have written his novel Lord of the Flies on the idea of human nature. He considers that he wrote about human nature in general, but he is a Western and has those ideas of being superior to other people. He takes all his characters from among the English boys. Not a single character who is shown as civilized belongs to a marginalized race. This act of Golding reveals his ethnocentric attitude. He does not bother to include a female character in this novel. All his characters are male. It shows his androcentric nature. Though he tries to put the evil like every man whenever he wants to show the brutality or savagery of a human, in the form of his chosen English boys, he portrays them as the hunters of Africa or paints them with mud. In doing so, he is affiliating savagery with the blacks and Indians. Thus, he propagates the same stereotypical concept of “Orients” as uncivilized and savages. Golding relies solely on the biological factors of human nature. He ignores to consider any social problem for the conflict of the two groups of boys. These social factors may include political system, religion, or Marxism. This research work has proved that Golding’s self-critique of human nature in the novel is a failure on his part.

GAMBARAN KEMEROSOTAN MORAL TOKOH DALAM NOVEL LORD OF THE FLIES KARYA WILLIAM GOLDING

Judul yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Gambaran Kemerosotan Moral Tokoh dalam Novel Lord of The Flies Karya William Golding. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemerosotan moral yang digambarkan dalam novel tersebut dan juga kemerosotan moral pada tokoh novel tersebut. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif analisis. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan sosiologi sastra. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa kemerosotan moral yang tergambar dalam novel Lord of The Flies karya William Golding meliputi perilaku kekerasan, pencurian, penggunaan bahasa yang tidak baik, mengabaikan peraturan yang sudah ditetapkan dan pembunuhan.

Specificity of the language means of rendering the images of characters-leaders in the parable-novel “Lord of the flies” by William Golding

The article is devoted to the study of specificity of language means of implementing the images of heroes-leaders in the framework of a work of art. The paper considers the types of leadership of M. Weber (traditional leadership, rational-legal leadership and charismatic leadership) and M.G. Berne (transformers and dealers), as well as lexemes that explicitly convey the appearance of the heroes-leaders, which implicitly reflects both the writer’s attitude to the characters and the nature of the characters themselves. The research material is the language units that is taken from the parable-novel by William Golding “Lord of the flies” and the meanings of which convey the characteristic features of the appearance of such characters as Ralph and Jack. The paper describes the color scheme (masks, clothing) from the perspective of the color psychology. It also describes non-verbal communication of children with an emphasis on the social psychology of non-verbal communication and adolescent psychology. Using a complex of emotional and evaluative vocabulary (positive and negative) when describing the appearance of Ralph and Jack indicates that the writer is trying to show his attitude to the heroes of the parable-novel “Lord of the flies”, through which the characteristic external features of political leaders (democratic and despotic) are expressed. William Golding uses the principle of duality (two principles that are either irreducible or opposite to each other) when describing Ralph and Jack. Describing Ralph, the writer uses lexemes only with a positive connotation, while when the author recreates the image of Jack, he uses only words with a negative assessment. Thus, the author of the article comes to the conclusion that the writer feels sympathy for the democratic regime, which is expressed in the image of Ralph and antipathy to totalitarianism, which is expressed in the image of Jack. In the course of this study, the authors also come to the conclusion that in the image of Jack Meridew there are typical features of another despotic leader Adolf Hitler. This conclusion can be reached due to the external description of the hero and the word forms used by him (designation of an animal with a feminine pronoun, imperatives, etc.).

WILLIAM GOLDING AS A MAN AND CREATOR IN ENGLISH WRITERS’ ESSAYS

This research is devoted to the interpretation of William Golding’s works by his younger contemporaries. The solution of this purpose allows to determine the significance of Golding’s novels in modern British literature and culture. The subject of our research is several essays such as David Lodge’s “William Golding” (1964), Ian McEwan’s “Schoolboys” (1986), John Fowles’s “Golding and 'Golding” (1986), Craig Raine’s “Belly without Blemish: Golding’s sources” (1986), Nigel Williams’s “William Golding: A frighteningly honest writer” (2012). Some of them present the memoirs, the others contain the literary critique. The analysis shows that Golding’s novels are seeing as extraordinary, original creations, as the beginning of a new tradition in the consideration of childhood and moral questions in the English literature. They mark the next stage in the history of the British novel, which is characterized by new plots, characters and motives.