Przetrwać i zachować tożsamość. O pedagogii instytucji opiekuńczo-wychowawczych dla dzieci i młodzieży w Warszawie (1939-1945)

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (23) ◽  
pp. 89-97
Author(s):  
Andrzej J. Sowiński
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
World War ◽  
Military Conflict ◽  
Moral Principles ◽  
The Military ◽  
Second World

It’s not easy to discuss,and think about the pedagogy when the nation suffers during the military conflict and invasion, which was the case of Poland during the Second World War – during such dramatic times the priority is survival. However, many years after the war, it is worth pointingout the effort and the dedication of teachers/educators who stayed with their students until the end. They remained in schools, orphanages and other educational institutions where kids could need them. Based on documents, literature and the personal experiencesof the author, the paper “Survive and save your identity” describes in a detail the activity of the Female Scouts who were the part of the RGO, an Organisation For the Youth of Warsaw in the years 1939-1945. The article manifests the importance of pedagogical and moral principles during the nations fight for survival.

scholarly journals Reciprocity of Individual and Collective Memory. Letters from a Soldier of the Wehrmacht of the Second World War

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-77
Author(s):  
Sabine Buchwald
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Second World War ◽  
National Language ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
World War ◽  
Moral Principles ◽  
The Military ◽  
Educational Conditions ◽  
Second World

The basis of the scientific investigation are 83 military letters and postcards, a diary, and Franz Buchwald’s memories of World War II. The classification of military letters and other sources constitutes the scientific significance of these documents. The survey questions the culturally and socially political acts as well as intertextual and trans-textual procedures. Understanding of literature as the subject of a culturally scientific survey is a priority, as well as its influence on the emergence of military letters. The clarification of the cultural memory of Franz Buchwald, a soldier of the Wehrmacht [high forces], serves as an indicator for the preservation of moral principles and values during the war, but also as one for the discords that arose in this context. A key issue is the importance of the educational conditions of growing up during the war. Relevant topics are education, the church, and the literary canon. Examples from the military letters sketch the establishment of the national language in terms of theology, and address the issue of nationality and identity.

scholarly journals Reciprocity of Individual and Collective Memory. Letters from a Soldier of the Wehrmacht of the Second World War

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-77
Author(s):  
Sabine Buchwald
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Second World War ◽  
National Language ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
World War ◽  
Moral Principles ◽  
The Military ◽  
Educational Conditions ◽  
Second World

The basis of the scientific investigation are 83 military letters and postcards, a diary, and Franz Buchwald’s memories of World War II. The classification of military letters and other sources constitutes the scientific significance of these documents. The survey questions the culturally and socially political acts as well as intertextual and trans-textual procedures. Understanding of literature as the subject of a culturally scientific survey is a priority, as well as its influence on the emergence of military letters. The clarification of the cultural memory of Franz Buchwald, a soldier of the Wehrmacht [high forces], serves as an indicator for the preservation of moral principles and values during the war, but also as one for the discords that arose in this context. A key issue is the importance of the educational conditions of growing up during the war. Relevant topics are education, the church, and the literary canon. Examples from the military letters sketch the establishment of the national language in terms of theology, and address the issue of nationality and identity.

scholarly journals Cтрах смерти в современной русской литературе о войне

2018 ◽  
Vol 167 ◽  
pp. 495-504
Author(s):  
Aldona Borkowska
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
Fear Of Death ◽  
World War ◽  
Military Conflict ◽  
War Narratives ◽  
War Narrative ◽  
Autobiographical Texts ◽  
The Military ◽  
Second World

Fear of death in contemporary Russian literatureabout warsModern Russian ‘war narratives’ contains works on both the Second World War and the subsequent conflicts in Afghanistan and Chechnya. In this article, we trace some autobiographical texts of the wars’ participants. Among the writers there are Oleg Ermakov, Zakhar Prilepin, Arkady Babchenko. As we find out, the contemporary ‘war narrative’ is interwoven with the lack of ideology and patriotic pathos. A soldier fails to accept his war, moreover, he questions the authorities in their decision to break out the military conflict. Due to the new motifs war — as it is depicted — turns into a set of primitive instincts, in which fear of death and a hunger for life take a significant narrative role.Strach przed śmiercią we współczesnej literaturze rosyjskiej o wojnieWspółczesna proza batalistyczna obejmuje utwory dotyczące zarówno wielkiej wojny ojczyźnianej, jak i późniejszych wojen w Afganistanie i Czeczenii. Celem artykułu jest analiza autobiograficznych tekstów uczestników działań militarnych na tym obszarze. Wśród autorów znaleźli się Oleg Jermakow, Zachar Prilepin, Arkadij Babczenko. Autorka dochodzi w artykule do wniosku, że prozę wojenną ostatnich lat cechuje brak ideologii, patriotycznego patosu oraz kwestionowanie celowości walki zbrojnej. Ze względu na deficyt zrozumienia i akceptacji dla podjętych działań postrzeganie wojny zostało zredukowane do pierwotnych instynktów, wśród których strach przed śmiercią oraz pragnienie pozostania przy życiu odgrywają znaczącą rolę.

scholarly journals Transformacja mitu o bohaterstwie w rosyjskiej współczesnej prozie wojennej

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (XXIII) ◽  
pp. 19-29
Author(s):  
Aldona Borkowska
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Military Conflict ◽  
War Narrative ◽  
Autobiographical Texts ◽  
The Military ◽  
Second World

Contemporary “war prose” contains works on both the Second World War and the subsequent conflicts in Afghanistan and Chechnya. The aim of the article is to analyse the changes of the war hero myth in autobiographical texts of the wars’ participants. Among the authors are Oleg Yermakov, Zachar Prilepin, Arkady Babchenko. As we find out, the contemporary “war narrative” is interwoven with the lack of ideology and patriotic pathos. A soldier fails to accept his war; moreover, he questions the authorities in their decision to break out the military conflict. In these conditions, it is difficult to make heroic acts and sacrifice for the good of the homeland.

scholarly journals International order in the ideology of the Knights’ Order of Cross and Sword during the Second World War

1970 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 248-255
Author(s):  
Dariusz Miszewski
Keyword(s):  
International Cooperation ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
International Order ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Moral Principles ◽  
The Military ◽  
Second World ◽  
Active Struggle

During the Second World War The Military Order of the Cross and the Sword combined Catholic moral principles with patriotism in the active struggle for independence. The role of enlarged strategically Poland was peaceful integration of Central Europe. They planned to follow rules of peaceful Catholic international cooperation. Anti- Christian systems of Germany and the USSR and materialistic western countries were not acceptable.

The Imperial Army Project

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas E. Delaney
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
British Empire ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Archival Research ◽  
Military Cooperation ◽  
High Point ◽  
The Military ◽  
Second World

How did British authorities manage to secure the commitment of large dominion and Indian armies that could plan, fight, shoot, communicate, and sustain themselves, in concert with the British Army and with each other, during the era of the two world wars? This is the primary line of inquiry for this study, which begs a couple of supporting questions. What did the British want from the dominion and Indian armies and how did they go about trying to get it? How successful were they in the end? Answering these questions requires a long-term perspective—one that begins with efforts to fix the armies of the British Empire in the aftermath of their desultory performance in South Africa (1899–1903) and follows through to the high point of imperial military cooperation during the Second World War. Based on multi-archival research conducted in six different countries on four continents, Douglas E. Delaney argues that the military compatibility of the British Empire armies was the product of a deliberate and enduring imperial army project, one that aimed at ‘Lego-piecing’ the armies of the empire, while, at the same time, accommodating the burgeoning autonomy of the dominions and even India. At its core, this book is really about how a military coalition worked.

Post-Heroic Warfare Revisited: Meaning and Legitimation of Military Losses

Sociology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 898-914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristian Frisk
Keyword(s):  
Social Order ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Moral Worth ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
The Social ◽  
Military Engagement ◽  
Military Campaign ◽  
The Military ◽  
Second World

The article challenges the thesis that western societies have moved towards a post-heroic mood in which military casualties are interpreted as nothing but a waste of life. Using content analysis and qualitative textual analysis of obituaries produced by the Royal Danish Army in memory of soldiers killed during the Second World War (1940–1945) and the military campaign in Afghanistan (2002–2014), the article shows that a ‘good’ military death is no longer conceived of as a patriotic sacrifice, but is instead legitimised by an appeal to the unique moral worth, humanitarian goals and high professionalism of the fallen. The article concludes that fatalities in international military engagement have invoked a sense of post-patriotic heroism instead of a post-heroic crisis, and argues that the social order of modern society has underpinned, rather than undermined, ideals of military self-sacrifice and heroism, contrary to the predominant assumption of the literature on post-heroic warfare.

In the Ruins of the Japanese Empire

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Civil Wars ◽  
Second World War ◽  
New Order ◽  
Japanese Empire ◽  
World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Military ◽  
Second World

The destruction of Japan’s empire in August 1945 under the military onslaught of the Allied Powers produced a powerful rupture in the histories of modern East Asia. Everywhere imperial ruins from Manchuria to Taiwan bore memoires of a great run of upheavals and wars which in turn produced revolutionary uprisings and civil wars from China to Korea. The end of global Second World War did not bring peace and stability to East Asia. Power did not simply change hands swiftly and smoothly. Rather the disintegration of Japan’s imperium inaugurated a era of unprecedented bloodletting, state destruction, state creation, and reinvention of international order. In the ruins of Japan’s New Order, legal anarchy, personal revenge, ethnic displacement, and nationalist resentments were the crucible for decades of violence. As the circuits of empire went into meltdown in 1945, questions over the continuity of state and law, ideologies and the troubled inheritance of the Japanese empire could no longer be suppressed. In the Ruins of the Japanese Empire takes a transnational lens to this period, concluding that we need to write the violence of empire’s end – and empire itself - back into the global history of East Asia’s Cold War.

scholarly journals Civilian Structures as Military Restrictions

Vulcan ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-63
Author(s):  
Petter J. Wulff
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
Critical Component ◽  
Heavy Vehicles ◽  
World War ◽  
Military Community ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Military ◽  
Second World

The military community is a secluded part of society and normally has to act on the conditions offered by its civilian surroundings. When heavy vehicles were developed for war, the civilian infrastructure presented a potential restriction to vehicular mobility. In Sweden, bridges were seen as a critical component of this infrastructure. It took two decades and the experiences of a second world war for the country to come to terms with this restriction. This article addresses the question as to why Swedish tanks suddenly became much heavier in the early 1940s. The country’s bridges play a key role in what happened, and the article explains how. It is a story about how a military decision came to be outdated long before it was upgraded.

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