Znaczenie intuicji językowej w procesie antycypacji – na przykładzie komunikacji obcojęzycznej

This paper presents the phenomenon of anticipation which is one of the manifestations of linguistic maturity and language user rationality. Anticipation, taking place essentially in implicit structures and based on evolutionary old intuition, improves speech comprehension and increases the efficiency of cognitive processes. The phenomenon in question is presented on the example of foreign language communication, because it is there that the mechanisms governing the formulation of accurate hypotheses about form and content are particularly evident. The first part of the article discusses speech perception, and with it the categorization and selection of an appropriate cognitive schema conditioning accurate anticipation. The second part presents factors that facilitate and hinder the right hypothesis. Finally, conclusions and directions for future research on anticipation are formulated.

Odniesienie do Boga i tradycji chrześcijańskich w codziennej komunikacji na przestrzeni wieków

The article deals with commonly used (in typical communicative situations) conventionalized linguistic forms containing in their lexical structure elements, referring to widely understood Christian traditions. The research material includes conversational formulas in Polish extracted from the Polish-German phrasebooks. The study has a diachronic character. On the basis of the analyses carried out, it is possible to trace changes in the area of language use in the abovementioned scope, which have taken place from the 16th century to the present day.

Profesjolekt w powieściach Nagi sad, Pałac oraz Kamień na kamieniu Wiesława Myśliwskiego (próba badawcza)

The article attempts to show selected collections of professional vocabulary contained in the first three novels by Wiesław Myśliwski. Creating his characters and the world in which they function, the author used the vocabulary characteristic of occupations and activities related to the countryside and farm. The study is of little survey nature to outline areas for further analyzes of professional lexis in the writer’s novels.

„Mimowolny stabilizator”. Kościół rzymskokatolicki jako gwarant bezpieczeństwa wewnętrznego PRL

We see the Roman Catholic Church in the People’s Republic of Poland as a victim of a totalitarian and authoritarian system. This is understandable. However, as a subject of internal politics, during the system’s construction or later in periods of unrest, the Church played an important role in defusing social problems and tensions. This was something the communist authorities very much counted on. Such actions also legitimised usurpers who had no real social support. This was the case both in the first years after the end of the war, when, for example, there was the complicated problem of settling the acquired lands, and in the years of political turmoil and breakthroughs. The Church, as an institution headed by the Primate and the Episcopate, tried to calm social moods in these critical moments. This resulted from a sense of responsibility for the nation and the state, whatever it might be. In this way, he contributed to stabilising the country’s internal security in times of crisis.

Kościoły chrześcijańskie a globalizacja – perspektywa europejska

In a globalized reality, Christian churches must rediscover its place. The task is extremely difficult as it’s impossible to know where the congregation’s spiritual needs are heading. Migration and mass media rise as well as problematic identities and roles influence the deepening of the differentiation process, which makes it difficult to define unambiguous scenarios regarding the future of the religious market. On the other hand, the prolificacy of the presented theories proves religion’s unusually complex nature and context. The article’s aim was to present the most significant forecasts on where Christian churches will stand in the today’s global village.

Stare i nowe polskie piosenki i pieśni patriotyczne

The article is devoted to old and new Polish patriotic songs. It contains an analysis of the content of the collected works. The old songs were uplifting in nature and were very important for national culture. They were used to shape identity and build community, and at the same time to communicate important events. They express love for the homeland, proclaim its beauty and the need to fight for the maintenance or recovery of freedom. The new songs were created after 1983 and are already part of popular culture. They are highly individualized and express the emotional personal commitment of the creator. In addition, they move away from religious themes. Modern patriotic songs consist of four currents: traditional, new attitudes, social and historical. Traditional and historical currents are the closest in value to old patriotic songs. The current of new attitudes becomes a place of searching for an individual reference to patriotism. The social trend registers reality and is sometimes used to take a critical look at what is currently happening in Poland.

„Mamy dosyć zwierzyny dla nas i sąsiedztwa…” Nazwy zwierząt w nazwach własnych kół łowieckich (przyczynek do badań nad socjolektem myśliwskim)

The aim of the article is the analysis of highly legitimized proper names of hunting associations, with compounds related to animal names. There is also the attempt to establish the reasons of the choices which may indicate the values appreciated by hunters. In total, 1.575 (out of 2.705 collected) names, with one of the compounds having a common animal name, were gathered and analyzed. The names belong to one of the most common types of compounds in the names of hunting associations. Out of 1.575 there are 138 unique ones. 52 compounds were used individually, while 86 were used twice or up to 119 times. The analyzed names not only differentiate the hunting clubs but also reflect passions and interests of hunters and conceptualize their appreciated values. Moreover, the names are the key element which forms the identity of members of hunting associations and builds their affiliations stronger.

Trynitarna koncepcja historiozoficzna Joachima z Fiore

Nowadays people are more and more concerned about the future and the end of the world. The vision of the End of Times in Joachim of Fiore’s apocalyptic conception presents one of the most interesting interpretations of the end of the world in relation to events and historical figures and presents an attempt to look into the future made by the 12th-century Calabyan Abbot Joachim of Fiore on the basis of the book of the Holy Bible, especially the Apocalypse of Saint John. The purpos of the thesis is to introduce the reader to the very form of the medieval exeget – Joachim of Fiore as well as the concept of tripartite and interpretation of history in the Trinitarian context created by him. In the light of the concept mentioned above, the vision of the Calabyan Abbot was presented regarding the end of times, preceded by an explanation of exegetical methods used by the abbot (especially biblical typology and the principle of compatibility of both Testaments in relation to the entire history of the Chosen People and Christianity). The thesis also presents a comparison of the convergent historiosophic concepts of Joachim of Fiore and Saint Augustine of Hippo. The thesis contains both Latin fragments of Joachim’s manuscripts and translations of them into Polish. Annex show translated testament of Joachim of Fiore, proving his faithfulness to the authority of the Catholic Church.

Słownik jednojęzyczny jako czynnik utrwalający i kształtujący status religii w społeczeństwie. Casus prawosławia w języku greckim

Modern Greek dictionaries LKNE (The Institute of Modern Greek Studies, the Manolis Triandafilidis Foundation) and LNEG (Georgios Bambiniotis) are considered canonical. The aim of the analysis is to verify that the meanings of the lemma [orθoδoksía] preserve the status of Orthodox Christianity in Greek society and shape it for the future. Comparisons of dictionary meanings use the lens of semantic-lexical relationships. Analysis of relationships between dictionary meanings and the socio-religious situation considers extra-linguistics factors, including the dictionary users’ profile. Positively verified consistency between the dictionary meaning and the Greek socio-religious situation will mean that the monolingual dictionary preserves and shapes the status of a specific religion in Greek society.

Teatr a sprawa Boska. Golgota Picnic, Klątwa, O twarzy. Wizerunek Syna Boga – czyli spektakle obrażające uczucia religijne widziane oczami teologa

Social protests connected with the performances of “Golgotha Picnic”, “The Curse” or “On the Concept of the Face Regarding the Son of God” arouses an understandable interest of the theologian in the phenomenon of “slighting of religious feelings” and the reasons why these stage works evoke such reactions. The article presents an analysis of the content of the mentioned above performances in the context of the words of the Bible as well as the teachings of different Christian Churches. It is aimed at finding points (scenes) in which the content presented on the stage is inconsistent with Christian teaching, distorts it or presents it in an ironic way. The article also tries to find potential artistic justifications for such performances. Referring to earlier published artistic reviews, rather than scientific publications, it defines common features that characterize performances that offend religious feelings, but also indicates areas where the situation of slighting of such feelings is not unambiguous. The article does not deny the possibility that someone’s feelings have been touched or slighted by the discussed performances, but it points out the possibility that the offense of religious feelings is more the result of knowledge, motivation or attitude of the audience than from the presented content itself.