Pulmonary Rehabilitation in COVID-19 patients: A scoping review of current practice and its application during the pandemic

Many interventions that target improvements in social communication and other cognitive, learning, and physical issues have been developed to help autistic people. The gamification of interventions offers an alternative approach to fostering and assessing desired behaviors and cognitions in a more naturalistic and emergent setting. In this scoping review aimed at educators, practitioners, and parents of those with autism, we detail studies that have tested game-based approaches to improving the lives of autistic children, adolescents, and adults, focusing on how research into gamification and autism can both progress and can be progressed and implemented. We offer parents, professionals and academics resources to incorporate game-based psycho-educational programs into their current practice.

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The Role of Occupational Therapy in Pulmonary Rehabilitation Programs: Scoping Review Protocol (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.30244 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Natalie Snyder ◽

Ria Wilson ◽

Lian Finch ◽

Brooklyn Gallant ◽

Chris Landa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Occupational Therapy ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Pulmonary Rehabilitation ◽

Clinical Decision Making ◽

Relevant Literature ◽

Occupational Therapists ◽

Well Being ◽

Current Guideline ◽

Scoping Reviews

BACKGROUND Background: Chronic respiratory diseases are highly prevalent and compromise an individual’s ability to perform activities of daily living (ADLs) and participate in meaningful life roles. Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is a well-established intervention aiming at restoring an individual’s exercise capacity and improving their ability to complete their ADLs. Occupational therapists help individuals engage in meaningful ‘occupations’, improving their health and well-being. Given the concordance in the aims of PR and the occupational therapy (OT) scope of practice, occupational therapists appear to be well-suited as key players in PR programs. However, the benefits of adding OT to PR programs have been sparsely reported in the literature and the role of OT in PR has never been synthesized or reported in national and international guidelines. OBJECTIVE Objective: To explore the role of OT in PR programs, the current guideline recommendations for the inclusion of OT in PR programs, the estimated prevalence of OT in PR programs and the reported or anticipated effects of OT interventions in PR programs. METHODS Methods: The review will be conducted following Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology for scoping reviews. A comprehensive search will be undertaken in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and CINAHL to identify and retrieve relevant literature, published in English, French or Portuguese. Gray literature will also be searched from international OT association websites for position statements and guidelines relevant to PR programs. All literature published since the establishment of the effectiveness of PR for chronic respiratory disease in 1994, that explores OT in PR programs for these patients will be included. Search results will be exported to Covidence for title, abstract, and full text screening, by two independent reviewers. Data will be extracted by two independent reviewers using a pilot-tested template including: the number of PR programs including OT (specifically from surveys), the purpose of the study, the study design, patient characteristics, respiratory conditions included, PR components, OT role, outcomes, and results. Findings will be presented using a narrative summary, supplemented by figures and/or tables. Key themes will be displayed in an infographic or schematic. RESULTS Results: The study was initiated in January 2021 and registered with the Open Science Framework (OSF) in February 2021, prior to title and abstract screening. Data collection, analysis and drafting of the manuscript will occur throughout 2021, with expected publication in 2022. CONCLUSIONS Conclusion: The results of this scoping review will help healthcare professionals improve patient care by broadening their understanding and awareness of the role of OT in PR programs. This role clarification may help to inform program development, clinical decision making and will serve to optimize the delivery of multidisciplinary care for patients in PR programs, ultimately improving patient outcomes. CLINICALTRIAL International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID): OSF Registration Identifier: DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/ZH63W

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Task Sharing to Support Paediatric Service Delivery in Low- and Middle-income Countries: Current Practice and a Scoping Review of Emerging Opportunities

10.21203/rs.3.rs-550274/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yingxi Zhao ◽

Christiane Hagel ◽

Raymond Tweheyo ◽

Nathanael Sirili ◽

David Gathara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Child Health ◽

Service Delivery ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Chronic Conditions ◽

Current Practice ◽

Task Sharing ◽

Middle Income ◽

Middle Income Countries ◽

Paediatric Service ◽

Training Opportunities

Abstract BackgroundDemographic and epidemiological changes have prompted thinking on the need to broaden the child health agenda to include care for complex and chronic conditions in the 0-19 years (paediatric) age range. The general and skilled paediatric workforce shortage especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) will impede the provision of additional paediatric services. This paper examines experiences with task sharing as part of the solution to this human resources challenge in LMICs and specifically looks beyond the provision of care for acute infectious diseases and malnutrition that are widely and historically shifted. MethodsWe (1) reviewed the Global Burden of Diseases study to understand which conditions may need to be prioritised; (2) investigated training opportunities and national policies related to task sharing (current practice) in five purposefully selected African countries (Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Malawi and South Africa); and (3) summarised reported experience of task sharing and paediatric service delivery through a scoping review of research literature in LMICs published between 1990-2019 using MEDLINE, Embase, Global Health, PsycINFO, CINAHL and the Cochrane Library. ResultsWe found that while some training opportunities nominally support emerging roles for non-physician clinicians and nurses, formal scopes of practices often remain rather restricted and neither training nor policy seems well aligned with probable needs from high-burden complex and chronic conditions. From 83 studies in 24 LMICs, and aside from the historically shifted conditions, we found there is some evidence available for task sharing for a small set of specific conditions (circumcision, some complex surgery, rheumatic heart diseases, epilepsy, mental health). ConclusionAs child health strategies are further redesigned to address the previously unmet needs careful strategic thinking on the development of an appropriate paediatric workforce is needed. To achieve coverage at scale countries may need to transform their paediatric workforce including possible new roles for mid-level cadres to support safe, accessible and high-quality care.

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