scholarly journals Øvelser i empati og kulturell tilgang. Avgangselevers legitimering av arbeid med eldre skjønnlitteratur i videregående opplæring.

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Lars August Fodstad ◽  
Astrid Mortensvik

Artikkelen undersøker avgangselevers legitimering av litteraturundervisningen i videregående skole samt den litterære kompetansen de har utviklet gjennom opplæringsløpet. Spørsmålet om skjønnlitteraturens plass og legitimitet i norskfaget har vært mye diskutert i fagpolitisk sammenheng siden innføringen av Læreplanverket for Kunnskapsløftet. Debatten har til dels vært preget av steile fronter i så vel deskriptive som normative spørsmål om skjønnlitteraturens stilling blant norskfagets andre fagkomponenter, om læreplanens føringer for utvalg av litterære tekster, og om forholdet mellom skjønnlitterær lesing og literacy-dreiningen i faget. Elevenes stemme har imidlertid vært fraværende i debatten, og i denne artikkelen søkes derfor svar på tre spørsmål: I hvilken grad mener avgangselever på studiespesialisering at arbeid med skjønnlitteratur genrelt, og klassiske kanontekster spesielt, har legitimitet i videregående opplæring? Hvilke begrunnelser har elevene for de legitimitetssvarene de gir? Og hvilken litterær kompetanse tyder svarene på at elevene har tilegnet seg gjennom opplæringen? Tilnærmingen er fenomenologisk, basert på semistrukturerte intervju av nylig avgåtte elever fra studiespesialiserende opplæring, men den inkluderer også leselogger knyttet til arbeidet med kanoniserte noveller fra realismen/naturalismen. Resultatene viser at elevene argumenterer for viktigheten av å møte den kanoniserte litteraturen i norskfaget, og at de særlig knytter legitimeringen til nye perspektiver på egen livsverden gjennom empati og historisk bevissthet, og til tekstkulturell tilgangskompetanse. I refleksjoner over tekstene demonstrerer elevene stor grad av fiksjons- og overføringskompetanse, men langt mer varierende grad av analytisk kompetanse og utholdenhet i møte med krevende tekster.Nøkkelord: litteraturdidaktikk, litterær kanon, norskfaget i videregående opplæring, litteraturfaglig legitimering, litterær kompetanse.Practicing empathy and cultural access. Upper secondary graduates’ reading, understanding and legitimization of canonized fiction.AbstractThis article examines newly graduates’ legitimizing of literature teaching in upper secondary school, and what literacy competence they have developed during their education. Fiction and poetry reading in the Norwegian L1 subject has been a highly debated policy question since the new curriculum standards were implemented in 2006, and the discussions have to a certain extent been characterized by steep fronts in as well descriptive and normative questions of literature’s position among other content parts of the L1 subject, the curriculum’s guidelines for selection of literacy texts, and the relationship between literary reading and the literacy turn in the L1 subject. However, in this debate the students’ voice has not been heard, so this article seeks to answer three questions: To what degree do graduates find that literary reading in general and specifically that of canonized texts is legitimate in upper secondary school? How do the graduates justify their legitimatizations? And, finally, what literary competence do the graduates’ answers imply they have acquired throughout their education? The approach is phenomenological, mainly based on semi-structured interviews with academic specialization graduates, but also includes reading logs from encounters with canonized short-stories from the realism/naturalism period. The results show that the graduates advocate the importance of reading canonized literature in the Norwegian L1 subject, and that their legitimatization strategies are particularly related to the literature’s potential for offering new perspectives on their own lifeworld through empathy and historical awareness, and to cultural literacy. Through their reflections on the literary texts the graduates demonstrate highly developed fiction and transfer competence, while their analytical competence and tolerance for texts that demand complex reading skills are more varying.Keywords: literature didactics, literary canon, upper secondary L1, legitimizing literature, literary competence

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 1-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrik Gyllstad ◽  
Jonas Granfeldt ◽  
Petra Bernardini ◽  
Marie Källkvist

This study is a contribution to the empirical underpinning of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR), and it aims to identify linguistic correlates to the proficiency levels defined by the CEFR. The study was conducted in a Swedish school setting, focusing on English, French and Italian, and examined the relationship between CEFR levels (A1–C2) assigned by experienced raters to learners’ written texts and three measures of syntactic complexity (based on length of t-unit, subclause ratio, and mean length of clause (cf. Norris & Ortega, 2009)). Data were elicited through two written tasks (a short letter and a narrative) completed by pupils of L2 English (N = 54) in years four, nine and the final year of upper-secondary school, L3 French (N = 38) in year nine and the final year of upper-secondary school, and L4 Italian (N = 28) in the final year of upper-secondary school and first year of university. The results showed that, globally, there were weak to medium-strong correlations between assigned CEFR levels and the three measures of syntactic complexity in English, French and Italian. Furthermore, it was found that syntactic complexity was homogeneous across the three languages at CEFR level A, whereas syntactic complexity was different across languages at CEFR level B, especially in the data for English and French. Consequences for the empirical validity of the CEFR framework and the nature of the three measures of complexity are discussed.


2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-20
Author(s):  
Meri-Tuulia Kaarakainen ◽  
Suvi-Sadetta Kaarakainen ◽  
Antero Kivinen

Digital skills are a prerequisite today for working, studying, civic participation, and maintaining social relationships in our digitalised technical world. These skills are also important both as a general goal and an instrument for learning. This study briefly presents the aims that are related to digital skills of the Finnish curricula, and explores, using a large sample (N = 3,206) of Finnish upper secondary school students, these young people’s digital skills and their distribution. The study provides new insights into the state of these skills and differences found in them and focuses on the relationship between these results and the students’ present educational choices and future study/employment intentions. The actual variability of digital skills among upper secondary students is one of the main findings of the study. On the same educational level, it was found that digital skills vary enormously, particularly for students’ current educational choices and their future intentions. Digital skills are also distinctly associated with age for 15 to 22-year-olds. At the same time, gender alone appears to have no prominent effect on the level or adeptness of upper secondary school students’ digital skills.


Author(s):  
Teija Kangasvieri

In this article I explore the relationship between Finnish ninth graders’ L2 motivational profiles, language grades and future study plans after basic education. The aim of the study is to critically explore the relationship between motivation and language grades and reflect on the possible implications of this for language education policies. The statistically representative data was collected with an e-questionnaire (n=1 206). For this study, I analysed those who planned to continue their studies to general upper secondary school or vocational education after basic education, and who submitted their language grade (n=981). In earlier analyses of the study (Kangasvieri, 2019), five motivational profiles were found: the least motivated, averagely motivated with low anxiety, averagely motivated, the most motivated and students with high anxiety. In this study, the connection between these motivational profiles and students’ education choice is explored, taking into account the effect of grades. A logistic regression analysis was conducted. The results show that the probability to continue to general upper secondary school or vocational education in each motivational profile depends on the grade. The model explains about 30 percent of the students’ educational choices. Additionally, the results show that the more motivated the student is in his/her language studies, the higher grade he/she feels is needed in order to plan to continue to general upper secondary school after basic education. Correspondingly, less motivated students plan to continue to general upper secondary school with poorer grades than more motivated students.


Author(s):  
Eeva Haataja ◽  
Anu Laine ◽  
Markku Hannula

This article explores five educators’ conceptions of the characteristics of mathematically gifted students and a social learning environment that supports their development in a school for mathematically gifted adolescents in Finland. We conducted this qualitative study through semi-structured interviews and participant observations in a Finnish upper secondary school with a special mathematics program. The research shows that gifted students and their educators form a tight community, the social learning environment of which supports shared motivation, healthy perfectionism, and practicing social skills. The results deepen the understanding of gifted education in the Finnish context and the significance of educators’ shared understanding of social activities as a basis for successful gifted education.


2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Katherina Dodou

AbstractThe article addresses the question of how English departments best can teach literature and literary reading to future upper secondary school teachers of English. It approaches the question in terms of the literary scholar’s contribution to the professional education and practice of school teachers in Sweden. The article combines metacognitive analyses of disciplinary ways of thinking with profession theory to reflect on the literary content knowledge upper secondary school teachers need for their teaching practice. It outlines key differences between the understanding of what reading literature entails in academia and in upper secondary education, respectively, and it points out that current academic practices for teaching literature rely on a narrow understanding of what school teachers need to know about literature and literary reading to exercise their professional judgement concerning literature in the language classroom. Advocating a change in our academic teaching practices, the article proposes that literary debates over reading also be incorporated and that the principles and procedures underpinning professional modes of reading literature be explicitly articulated. This means verbalising underlying theoretical assumptions about the value of literature and of reading it and explicating interpretative conventions and tools, alongside the skills involved in literary reading. Such a teaching practice, the article posits, is not merely key to developing school teachers’ content knowledge regarding literature and reading. It is also a prerequisite for the development of their pedagogical reasoning when it comes to the uses of literature and to the affordances and limitations of literary reading in the school classroom.Keywords: literary reading, teacher education, metacognition, professional practice, disciplinary thinking, content knowledge, upper secondary schoolLäsning och professionen:Om litteraturutbildningen för skollärare i engelskaSammanfattningArtikeln tar sig an frågan om hur akademiska engelskämnen bäst kan undervisa litteratur och litteraturläsning för gymnasielärarstudenter i engelska. Den närmar sig frågan i termer av litteraturvetarens bidrag till gymnasielärares professionsutbildning och -utövande i Sverige. Artikeln kombinerar metakognitiva analyser av ämnesspecifika tankesätt med professionsteori för att resonera kring de ämneskunskaper som framtida gymnasielärare behöver för sin lärargärning. Artikeln belyser viktiga skillnader i förståelsen av vad litteraturläsning innebär inom akademin respektive i gymnasieskolan, och den granskar kritiskt förhärskande akademiska praktiker för litteraturstudier inom ämnet. Den påpekar att rådande praktiker bygger på en snäv syn av de ämneskunskaper gymnasielärare behöver och föreslår ett förnyat fokus på ämneskunskaperna som krävs för att gymnasielärare ska kunna utöva sitt professionella omdöme om den engelskspråkiga litteraturens plats i språkundervisningen. Artikeln förordar att akademiska litteraturstudier också inlemmar litteratur-vetenskapliga samtal om litteraturläsning i utbildningen och explicit formulerar de principer och tillvägagångssätt som ligger till grund för professionella sätt att läsa litteratur. Det innebär att verbalisera teoriers underliggande antaganden om litteraturens och litteraturläsningens värde och även ämnesområdets principer och verktyg för texttolkning samt färdigheterna som krävs för litteraturläsning. En sådan undervisningspraktik skulle bidra till en stadigare grund för gymnasielärares ämneskunskaper. Den är också en förutsättning för att lärarstudenter ska utveckla sitt pedagogiska tänkande vad gäller litteraturens och litteraturläsningens möjligheter och begränsningar i gymnasieskolans engelskundervisning.Nyckelord: litteraturläsning, ämneslärarutbildning, metakognition, professions¬utövning, ämnesspecifika tankesätt, ämneskunskap, gymnasieskola


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