scholarly journals «Vi kastet elevene ut på dypet før». Bruk av eksempeltekster i skriveopplæringen hos fire norsklærere

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunvald Dversnes

Bruk av eksempeltekster i skriveopplæringen har historiske røtter tilbake til antikken, men fikk fornyet interesse i Australia på 1980-tallet. I denne artikkelen forteller fire norsklærere fra ungdomsskolen og den videregående skolen hvordan de har tatt i bruk eksempeltekster i skriveopplæringen etter at eksempeltekstbegrepet ble introdusert i den reviderte læreplanen fra 2013 (LK13). Artikkelen undersøker lærernes beretninger i lys av planleggingsmodellen «Sirkelen for undervisning og læring», og den konkluderer med at lærerne i mange tilfeller oppfyller intensjonene bak planleggingsmodellen. Samtidig finnes det et ikke-forløst potensiale ved bruken av eksempeltekster hos de fire lærerne, ettersom ingen av dem konstruerer tekst i fellesskap med elevene sine. Nøkkelord: Eksempeltekster, «Sirkelen for undervisning og læring», dialogteori, dekonstruksjon, felles tekstkonstruksjon «Earlier, we threw students in at the deep end». Use of model texts in writing instruction among four Norwegian teachers Abstract The didactics of model texts has ancient roots, and has received renewed interests since the 1980s, particularly in Australia. In this article, four teachers, teaching Norwegian at the lower and upper secondary school, tell how they have made use of model texts since these were introduced into writing education with the revision of the Norwegian curriculum in 2013 (LK13). Their accounts are seen in light of the planning model “Teaching Learning Cycle”. This article concludes that the teachers generally fulfill the intentions behind the planning model. At the same time, the interviews show an unfulfilled potential in the use of model texts, for instance a lack of collaborative writing. Keywords: Model texts, “Teaching Learning Cycle”, dialogue theory, deconstruction, collaborative writing


2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 523-535
Author(s):  
Tamirirofa Chirikure

This research explored upper-secondary school students’ approaches when they engage in planning and conducting science experiments. Approaches to science experiments are important because they provide insight into students’ scientific reasoning and their enactment of scientific methods. An explanatory mixed-methods design was employed to determine and explain students’ approaches to science experiments. Data were generated by administering a 15-item Approaches to Science Experiments Questionnaire (ASEQ) on 211 participants and interviewing a smaller sample of 33. The linear approach was predominant while the divergent approach was least adopted by the participants. The teaching-learning context, substantive and procedural knowledge lead to specific approaches and the emergence of subcategories of the three broad approaches. Capable students engaged in a self-directed iterative approach while external help resulted in an assisted iterative approach. Rigid and contrived linear approaches were a result of time constraints, substantive and procedural shortcomings. Scattergun and blanking divergent approaches emerged from extreme weaknesses in substantive and procedural knowledge. Assessing practical skills through long-term projects is recommended to focus more on developing students’ scientific reasoning and process skills. Research with the ASEQ in other teaching-learning cultures, observing students in action and analysing their write-ups could provide deeper insights into approaches to science experiments. Keywords: science experiments, divergent approach, iterative approach, linear approach, mixed methods.



Author(s):  
Anna-Maria Stenseth ◽  
Unn-Doris K. Bæck

AbstractThis study explores the influence of geographical location on young pupils’ educational orientations and their transition from lower to upper secondary school; it pays particular attention to the voices of male youths from a rural area. More specifically, it investigates the interplay between gender and geographical contexts and the significance of these factors in understanding the processes associated with educational orientations. Margaret Archer’s framework is used to analyse how pupils’ agency is constrained and/or enabled by objective structures. The data material consists of qualitative interviews with 18 pupils transitioning from lower to upper secondary school in Norway. Each of the pupils was interviewed twice: first when they were in their last year of lower secondary education, and then during their first year of upper secondary education. The findings show that pupils consider geographical locations when making decisions about further education and work. In addition, they believe that education beyond compulsory schooling benefits their life in the rural areas. However, unlike their urban counterparts, pupils from rural areas appear to have a more constraining transition to upper secondary education. Through the analyses in this article, it becomes clear that both geographical location and gender are key factors for understanding processes connected to education.







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