Atom and molecule: upper secondary school French students’ representations in long-term memory

2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 119-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aytekin Cokelez ◽  
Alain Dumon
2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Sigrid Blömeke ◽  
Jessica Hoth ◽  
Gabriele Kaiser

I denne longitudinelle studien ble 131 grunnskolelærere (1. til 4. trinn) fulgt opp fra det siste året i lærerutdanningen og gjennom de fire første årene i lærerjobb. Lærerne tok standardiserte tester i matematikk (matematikkunnskap) og matematikkdidaktikk (matematikkdidaktisk kunnskap) ved slutten av lærerutdanningen i 2008 og en gang til etter fire års arbeid som lærer, i 2012. I tillegg tok de etter fire år i jobb en standardisert videobasert test som måler ferdigheter i å oppdage og tolke situasjoner som oppstår under matematikkundervisning i klasserommet, samt evne til å ta avgjørelser om handling når det gjelder disse situasjonene (matematikkrelaterte praksisferdigheter). De målte kunnskapene og ferdighetene ble deretter relatert til grunnskolelærernes utdanningsløp ved hjelp av strukturelle ligningsmodeller med manifeste variabler (path analysis). Som forventet fant vi sterke langtidseffekter. Lærernes gjennomsnittskarakter fra avsluttende skoleeksamen predikerte sterkt deres matematikkrelaterte kunnskapsnivå og deres praksisferdigheter 10 til 12 år senere (etter fire år i jobb). Enda sterkere relatert til kunnskapsnivået i matematikk og matematikkdidaktikk etter fire år i jobb var typen matematikk-kurs de hadde tatt på videregående skole (avansert kurs vs. basiskurs). Derimot hadde typen skolematematikk-kurs ingen signifikant effekt på lærernes praksisferdigheter. Kunnskap i matematikk og matematikkdidaktikk ved slutten av lærerutdanningen korrelerte også signifikant med lærernes kunnskap fire år senere, mens effektene på praksisferdigheter var ubetydelig. Gjennomsnittskarakteren på den avsluttende brede lærerutdanningseksamenen hadde ingen signifikant effekt på lærernes matematikkrelaterte kunnskap eller ferdigheter. Alle langsiktige effekter av skolegang ble mediert gjennom lærerutdanningen. Når det gjelder videre forskning er en viktig konklusjon at det må undersøkes nøyere hva som påvirker praksisferdigheter. I tillegg er utvalgskriterier ved starten av lærerutdanningen et stikkord som burde diskuteres; et annet stikkord er hvilke muligheter studenter har til å lære seg matematikk og matematikkdidaktikk under grunnskolelærerutdanningen.Nøkkelord: lærerkompetanse, longitudinell studie, grunnskolelærere, kompetanseutvikling, matematikkunnskap, lærerutdanning Long-term effects of schooling and teacher education on primary teachers’ mathematics-related competence developmentAbstract131 primary teachers (grades 1 to 4) were followed during the transition from teacher education to the teaching profession in a four-year longitudinal study. The teachers took standardized tests of their mathematics content knowledge (MCK) and their mathematics pedagogical content knowledge (MPCK) in their last year of teacher education and after four years on the job. In addition, they took a standardized test based on video-vignettes to examine the perception, interpretation and decision-making skills needed in the teaching of mathematics (M_PID). Path analysis was applied to regress these outcomes on teachers’ schooling and teacher education. As hypothesized, strong long-term effects were found. Teachers’ grade-point average from upper secondary school predicted significantly MCK, MPCK and M_PID 12 years later (after four years on the job). The type of course in school mathematics taken in upper secondary school predicted MCK and MPCK even more strongly, but not M_PID. MCK and MPCK at the end of teacher education predicted significantly MCK and MPCK four years later but only marginally M_PID. The grade-point average from teacher education did not predict any of the outcomes. All long-term effects of schooling were mediated through teacher education. With regard to research tasks resulting from this study, it seems to be important to examine predictors of M_PID in more detail. With regard to policy conclusions, the results suggest the need to discuss selection criteria at the beginning of teacher education, and opportunities to learn mathematics and mathematics education during primary teacher education.Keywords: teacher competence, longitudinal study, primary school teachers, competence development, mathematics knowledge, teacher education


2016 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary C. Potter

AbstractRapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) of words or pictured scenes provides evidence for a large-capacity conceptual short-term memory (CSTM) that momentarily provides rich associated material from long-term memory, permitting rapid chunking (Potter 1993; 2009; 2012). In perception of scenes as well as language comprehension, we make use of knowledge that briefly exceeds the supposed limits of working memory.


2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 710-727
Author(s):  
Beula M. Magimairaj ◽  
Naveen K. Nagaraj ◽  
Alexander V. Sergeev ◽  
Natalie J. Benafield

Objectives School-age children with and without parent-reported listening difficulties (LiD) were compared on auditory processing, language, memory, and attention abilities. The objective was to extend what is known so far in the literature about children with LiD by using multiple measures and selective novel measures across the above areas. Design Twenty-six children who were reported by their parents as having LiD and 26 age-matched typically developing children completed clinical tests of auditory processing and multiple measures of language, attention, and memory. All children had normal-range pure-tone hearing thresholds bilaterally. Group differences were examined. Results In addition to significantly poorer speech-perception-in-noise scores, children with LiD had reduced speed and accuracy of word retrieval from long-term memory, poorer short-term memory, sentence recall, and inferencing ability. Statistically significant group differences were of moderate effect size; however, standard test scores of children with LiD were not clinically poor. No statistically significant group differences were observed in attention, working memory capacity, vocabulary, and nonverbal IQ. Conclusions Mild signal-to-noise ratio loss, as reflected by the group mean of children with LiD, supported the children's functional listening problems. In addition, children's relative weakness in select areas of language performance, short-term memory, and long-term memory lexical retrieval speed and accuracy added to previous research on evidence-based areas that need to be evaluated in children with LiD who almost always have heterogenous profiles. Importantly, the functional difficulties faced by children with LiD in relation to their test results indicated, to some extent, that commonly used assessments may not be adequately capturing the children's listening challenges. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12808607


2011 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muriel Fanget ◽  
Catherine Thevenot ◽  
Caroline Castel ◽  
Michel Fayol

In this study, we used a paradigm recently developed ( Thevenot, Fanget, & Fayol, 2007 ) to determine whether 10-year-old children solve simple addition problems by retrieval of the answer from long-term memory or by calculation procedures. Our paradigm is unique in that it does not rely on reaction times or verbal reports, which are known to potentially bias the results, especially in children. Rather, it takes advantage of the fact that calculation procedures degrade the memory traces of the operands, so that it is more difficult to recognize them when they have been involved in the solution of an addition problem by calculation rather than by retrieval. The present study sharpens the current conclusions in the literature and shows that, when the sum of addition problems is up to 10, children mainly use retrieval, but when it is greater than 10, they mainly use calculation procedures.


2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 249-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márk Molnár ◽  
Roland Boha ◽  
Balázs Czigler ◽  
Zsófia Anna Gaál

This review surveys relevant and recent data of the pertinent literature regarding the acute effect of alcohol on various kinds of memory processes with special emphasis on working memory. The characteristics of different types of long-term memory (LTM) and short-term memory (STM) processes are summarized with an attempt to relate these to various structures in the brain. LTM is typically impaired by chronic alcohol intake but according to some data a single dose of ethanol may have long lasting effects if administered at a critically important age. The most commonly seen deleterious acute effect of alcohol to STM appears following large doses of ethanol in conditions of “binge drinking” causing the “blackout” phenomenon. However, with the application of various techniques and well-structured behavioral paradigms it is possible to detect, albeit occasionally, subtle changes of cognitive processes even as a result of a low dose of alcohol. These data may be important for the consideration of legal consequences of low-dose ethanol intake in conditions such as driving, etc.


Author(s):  
Ian Neath ◽  
Jean Saint-Aubin ◽  
Tamra J. Bireta ◽  
Andrew J. Gabel ◽  
Chelsea G. Hudson ◽  
...  

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