Fertility of Aboriginal People in Canada: An Overview of Trends at the Turn of the 21st Century

This paper aims to give an overview of trends regarding the fertility of Aboriginal people in Canada at the turn of the 21st century (mostly between 1996 and 2011). Total fertility rates and fertility rates by age group are presented for the Aboriginal population as a whole, but also for First Nations, Métis, and Inuit, as well as for the population with Registered Indian status, using various data sources (past censuses, National Household Survey, vital statistics, and Indian Register). Results of a multivariate analysis are presented. This multivariate analysis is conducted in order to improve our understanding of the dynamic behind the fertility behaviour of the Aboriginal population.

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Who is Aboriginal? Variability in Aboriginal Identification between the Census and the APS in 2006 and 2012

aboriginal policy studies ◽

10.5663/aps.v6i1.25410 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Claire Durand ◽

Yves-Emmanuel Massé-François ◽

Michael Smith ◽

Luis Patricio Pena Ibarra

Keyword(s):

Aboriginal People ◽

Household Survey ◽

Aboriginal Peoples ◽

Short Term ◽

Canadian Data ◽

Aboriginal Populations ◽

Long Form ◽

National Household Survey ◽

Public Scrutiny ◽

Do So

Over the last 50 years, censuses have shown very substantial increases in the estimated sizes of Aboriginal populations in settler states such as Canada. Since these increases cannot be explained by demographic factors alone, authors have proposed that, as the situation of Aboriginal people has been under increasing public scrutiny, it has become more socially acceptable to report that one is Aboriginal. This may be an explanation for increases between censuses that are conducted five or ten years apart, but is such an explanation plausible when comparing answers provided within six months of one another? This article explores the factors associated with short-term fluidity in Aboriginal identification. In order to do so, it uses Canadian data collected twice from among the same members of the defined “population of Aboriginal identity” over a six-month period, in 2006 and in 2011–2012. Close to a third of all Canadians who “identified” as Aboriginals in the Census long form or in the National Household Survey (NHS) changed their answers when asked the same question in the Aboriginal Peoples Survey (APS). Fluidity in identification depends on methodological factors such as mode of administration and question wording. It also depends on individual and contextual factors. Socioeconomic status and residence in an urban area or in specific regions of Canada are the main factors that differentiate the three groups analyzed here—the Fluid Indian/Métis, the New Métis and the New Indians—from the group that has a stable identification. In light of this finding, we think that statistics produced on Aboriginal peoples in Canada from the standard sources should be treated with some caution. Using the APS identification numbers, for example, instead of those of the Census/NHS would likely reduce the estimated differences between “non-Aboriginals” and “Aboriginals,” at least in terms of education.

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Remaining active in the labour market: Trends and characteristics of the over 50s

The Irish Journal of Management ◽

10.2478/ijm-2018-0007 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 38 (1) ◽

pp. 16-25

Author(s):

Thomas Turner

Keyword(s):

Labour Market ◽

Older Workers ◽

Labour Force ◽

Household Survey ◽

Age Group ◽

Level Of Education ◽

National Household Survey ◽

Market Trends

AbstractDrawing on the Quarterly National Household Survey (QNHS), this paper examines changes in the proportion of people aged over 50, active in the Irish labour market from 1998 to 2014. Results indicate that an increasing number of workers over 50 remain active, due mainly to the dramatic increase in the proportion of older females remaining in the labour force. By 2014 the 50 to 64 age group accounted for a quarter of all economically active people in the labour market between 15 and 64. Older workers are more likely to be employees and less likely to be employers or self-employed in 2014 compared to 1998. Older workers in lower-level occupations, particularly over the age of 60, are more likely to remain economically active. Level of education is strongly associated with the likelihood of older workers remaining economically active, particularly for the 50-59 age group and for females. .

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Factors associated with access to healthcare in Burkina Faso: evidence from a national household survey

BMC Health Services Research ◽

10.1186/s12913-021-06145-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hilaire Zon ◽

Milena Pavlova ◽

Wim Groot

Keyword(s):

Health Services ◽

Burkina Faso ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Household Survey ◽

Access To Healthcare ◽

Age Group ◽

Health Coverage ◽

Geographical Access ◽

National Household Survey ◽

Using Data

Abstract Background Burkina Faso has undertaken major reforms, the cornerstone of which has been the decentralization of the health system to increase access to primary healthcare and to increase the effectiveness, efficiency, financial viability and equity of health services. This study aims to analyze the socio-demographic determinants of households’ access to healthcare in Burkina Faso. Methods We used data from a national household survey conducted in 2014 in Burkina Faso. We carried out binary logistic and linear regression analysis using data from a national household survey. The statistical analysis explored the associations between socio-demographic characteristics on the one side, and the use of health services, satisfaction with health services and expenditures on health services, on the other side. Results The findings indicate an association between age, education, income and use of services (p < 0.0005). The results show that healthcare users’ satisfaction is influenced by age, the association is stronger with the age group under 24 (p < 0.0005) than the age group of 25–39 (p < 0.005). An association was found between the age group under 15 (p < 0.005), the type of health facility used (p < 0.0005), the distance traveled to health facilities (p < 0.005) and households’ individuals’ health expenditure. Conclusion Specific policies are needed to enhance geographical access to healthcare, financial access to and satisfaction with healthcare in moving towards universal health coverage (UHC).

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Indigenous Language Knowledge and Educational Attainment Among First Nations People: Trends Over Time

International Indigenous Policy Journal ◽

10.18584/iipj.2018.9.4.3 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Evelyne Bougie ◽

Dafna Kohen ◽

Anne Guèvremont

Keyword(s):

Educational Attainment ◽

First Nations ◽

Household Survey ◽

Indigenous Language ◽

Nations People ◽

Language Knowledge ◽

National Household Survey ◽

Trends Over Time ◽

First Nations People ◽

Over Time

This study investigated whether associations between Indigenous language knowledge and educational outcomes might be changing for cohorts of language speakers over time. Using Census and National Household Survey data, educational attainment for First Nations people aged 20 to 34 was examined at four time points (1996, 2001, 2006, and 2011), separately for those able versus unable to speak an Indigenous language and separately for those living on and off reserve. Findings point to improvements in levels of education for Indigenous language speakers among First Nations people living on and off reserve. Findings should be interpreted with caution as differences in educational attainment may reflect differences between language speakers and non-speakers that go beyond the ability to speak an Indigenous language.

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Aboriginal/Non-Aboriginal Wage Gaps in Canada: Evidence from the 2011 National Household Survey

Relations industrielles ◽

10.7202/1048569ar ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 73 (2) ◽

pp. 225-251 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Danielle Lamb ◽

Margaret Yap ◽

Michael Turk

Keyword(s):

Educational Attainment ◽

First Nations ◽

Wage Differentials ◽

Decomposition Analysis ◽

Household Survey ◽

Aboriginal Peoples ◽

Full Time ◽

Wage Gaps ◽

National Household Survey ◽

Aboriginal Identity

The fact that Aboriginal peoples in Canada have experienced sizable and persistent earnings disadvantages is well documented. However, the most recent estimates of Aboriginal-non-Aboriginal wage differentials utilize data from the 2006 Census. The present analysis seeks to address this gap by providing more recent estimates of Aboriginal earnings disparities for various groups of full-time, full-year workers using data from the 2011 National Household Survey (NHS). We estimate and decompose Aboriginal/non-Aboriginal wage gaps at the mean for a number of different Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal groups living on- and off- reserve. We find that, consistent with previous literature, Aboriginal peoples continue to experience sizable earnings disparities relative to their non-Aboriginal counterparts. We find that Aboriginal Identity respondents living on-reserve experience the largest earnings disparity, followed by males who identify as First Nations and live off-reserve. Respondents who report Aboriginal ancestry, but who do not identify as Aboriginal persons, experience the smallest earnings disadvantage. Results of the decomposition analysis reveal that, unsurprisingly, educational attainment is the most salient factor contributing to the explained portion of the earnings disparity between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal Canadians. Somewhat disconcerting, we find that where wage disparities are the largest, the explained proportion of the gap tends to be the smallest. Although previous studies can only serve as a rough comparator, relative to earlier estimates of Aboriginal/non-Aboriginal wage differentials using previous census periods, we find that earnings disparities among Aboriginal ancestry groups have remained relatively constant; wage gaps for Aboriginal identity groups have narrowed slightly; while the earnings disadvantage has widened for Aboriginal identity persons living on-reserve. Research and policy programs aimed at improving educational attainment and access to employment among Indigenous peoples are likely worthwhile initiatives. However, more research is needed on the potential role of discrimination in contributing to the persistent earnings disparities between Indigenous and non-Indigenous persons in Canada.

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Indigenous Access to Skilled Jobs in the Canadian Forest Industry: The Role of Education

International Indigenous Policy Journal ◽

10.18584/iipj.2018.9.2.5 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Ian G Cahill

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

First Nations ◽

Indigenous People ◽

Household Survey ◽

Further Education ◽

Forest Industry ◽

Post Secondary ◽

National Household Survey ◽

Using Data

In this article, the effect of education on the skill level of jobs held by Indigenous people working in the Canadian forest industry is examined. A skill index based on detailed occupation is used as the dependent variable in ordered logit models estimated using data from Statistics Canada’s 2011 National Household Survey (NHS). Results are obtained by gender. In the case of men, for Métis (a specific mixed European and Indigenous culture) and for First Nations living off reserve estimates of the effect of education are similar to those for non-Indigenous people. The estimated effect is lower for those Indigenous people living on reserve, particularly for those whose employment is also on the reserve. Results for women are similar, though often not statistically significant due to the limited sample size. High school graduation appears insufficient to provide access to better jobs, whereas post-secondary education, including trade certificates and community college, is very effective. The article concludes with a suggestion that, while closing the lag in Indigenous rates of high school education is critical, this must provide a gateway to further education. A discussion provides more policy context.

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