scholarly journals Aspectos institucionais da produção habitacional de baixa renda no Brasil entre A República Velha e o governo FHC / Institutional aspects of low-income housing production in Brazil between the República Velha and Cardoso’s government

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (53) ◽  
pp. 316-336
Author(s):  
Marco Antonio Costa Soares Junior ◽  
Leonardo Freire De Mello
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Institutional Economics ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Housing Production ◽  
Urbanization Process ◽  
Urban Problems ◽  
Institutional Aspects ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Low Income Housing

As favelas, cortiços, assentamentos precários ainda figuram como um dos grandes problemas urbanos, especialmente nas metrópoles brasileiras. Esse processo de precarização da moradia, que se iniciou concomitantemente à intensificação do processo de urbanização, perdurou durante todo século XX. Nesse sentido, este artigo busca analisar qual o papel das instituições na produção habitacional de baixa renda entre a República Velha e o governo de Fernando Henrique Cardoso. A definição do conceito de instituições e dos seus vários tipos é realizada de modo a identificar quais eram os arranjos institucionais responsáveis pela produção habitacional de baixa renda. Ademais, analisa-se também o contexto desses arranjos e seus resultados. Deste modo, pretende-se esclarecer qual modelo foi o mais efetivo e quais são as suas características de modo a contribuir com a pesquisa acadêmica e sugerir caminhos ao problema habitacional que insiste em persistir nas grandes cidades em pleno século XXI.Palavras–chave: economia institucional, instituições, assentamentos precários, produção habitacional de baixa renda, favelas, cortiços, BNH.Abstract Favelas, slums, precarious settlements still figure as one of the major urban problems, especially in Brazilian cities. This process of precarious housing, which began simultaneously with the intensification of the urbanization process, lasted throughout the twentieth century. In this sense, this article seeks to analyze the role of institutions in low-income housing production between República Velha and Cardoso’s government. The definition of the concept of institutions and their various types is carried out in order to identify the institutional arrangements responsible for low-income housing production in each period. In addition, the context of these arrangements and their results are also analyzed. In this way, it is tried to clarify which model was the most effective and what are its characteristics in order to contribute with the academic research and to suggest policies to the housing problem that insists on persisting in the big cities in the XXI century.Keywords: institutional economics, institutions, precarious settlement, housing production, slums

Institutions

2019 ◽  
pp. 30-41
Author(s):  
Stefan Voigt
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Economics ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
New Institutional Economics ◽  
Transformation Property ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Political Transformation ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Transformation Processes

This chapter offers a look at transformation processes from the perspective of the new institutional economics (NIE). It briefly describes the main pillars of this research area, including its assumptions, the definition of institutions, and their interplay. It is shown that the NIE can contribute to explaining the outcome of transformation processes by pointing at the different institutions relied upon during transition. In the section surveying the large literature on institutions and transition, special focus is laid on the role of constitutions for political transformation, property rights for economic transformation, and internal or informal institutions as institutions largely exempt from deliberate transformation which can, hence, constitute an important constraint in transformation processes. The chapter concludes by pointing out some research gaps.

Researching Trafficked Women

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 769-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Bosworth ◽  
Carolyn Hoyle ◽  
Michelle Madden Dempsey
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Exploitation ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Research Participants ◽  
Building Trust ◽  
Feminist Methods ◽  
Trafficking Victims ◽  
Definition Of

This article exposes methodological barriers we encountered in a small research project on women trafficked for the purpose of sexual exploitation and our attempts, drawing on feminist and emergent methods, to resolve them. It critically assesses the role of institutional gatekeepers and the practical challenges faced in obtaining data directly from trafficking victims. Such difficulties, it suggests, spring at least in part from lingering disagreements within the feminist academic, legal, and advocacy communities regarding the nature, extent, and definition of trafficking. They also reveal concerns from policy makers and practitioners over the relevance and utility of academic research. Although feminist researchers have focused on building trust with vulnerable research participants, there has been far less discussion about how to persuade institutional elites to cooperate. Our experiences in this project, we suggest, reveal limitations in the emphasis on reflexivity in feminist methods, and point to the need for more strategic engagement with policy makers about the utility of academic research in general.

scholarly journals The Role of Yemen's Awqaf in Solving the Problem of Low Income Housing: A Case Study of Sana'a Capital

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-56
Author(s):  
Abdul Karim Ali Al-Mamary ◽  
Abdul Aziz Ahmed Al-Kabab
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
The Public ◽  
Investment Return ◽  
Societal Problems ◽  
Low Income Housing

This research deals with the extent to which the Waqf has contributed since the mid-1970s to solving the problem of low income housing in cooperation with the public and private sectors, and discusses the multi-faceted aspects of the endowments of land, capital, or both. The factors that led to the decline of the investment sector in the Ministry of Awqaf to continue to adopt this type of projects and most importantly not to achieve the investment return desired. The research aims to highlight the role of the Waqf in contributing to solving the problem of housing in the Municipality of the capital in particular by highlighting the projects of the residential stay in which it was built and the reasons that led to its decline. The importance of the research is to highlight the role of the Waqf in contributing to solving societal problems. The Municipality of the capital, such as the problem of housing with low income, and the possibility of returning again to contribute effectively and achieve the desired objectives, while achieving economic feasibility so as to be able to achieve comprehensive and balanced sustainable development that achieve the interest of the parties endowment and society. The research focuses on the identification and adoption of modern scientific methods in the field of investment. The study concluded several recommendations that contribute to restoring the role of the Waqf in the service of society, especially in the provision of housing for people with low income. Keywords: Waqf, Aian (land, building), Prevention, Low income, Housing.

Complementary policies for multidimensional problems: Does the low-income housing tax credit complement homeless services in the USA?

Urban Studies ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 004209802094168
Author(s):  
Saerim Kim ◽  
Andrew A Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Affordable Housing ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Tax Credit ◽  
Housing Security ◽  
Homeless Services ◽  
Multidimensional Problems ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Urban Problems ◽  
Security Network ◽  
Low Income Housing

Governments use multiple policies targeting different severities of housing insecurity to address multidimensional urban problems such as homelessness, where poverty and unaffordable housing intertwine with many causes and contexts. Previous studies have focused on the determinants of housing insecurity or using affordable housing alone but not on how using multiple policies jointly reduces homelessness. We explore if affordable housing created by the low-income housing tax credit (LIHTC) complements homeless services through the housing security network in decreasing homelessness in communities. Utilising a first-differenced model with panel data from 2007 to 2015, results indicate that LIHTC unit developments complement homeless services in moderately reducing homelessness when both policies are used relative to only using homeless services. Studying multiple policies addressing homelessness creates a useful application of theory on complementary policies to see how affordable housing with homeless services affects homelessness at the community level.

The Role of Institutions in Sustaining Mandatory Low-Income Housing

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasniyati Hamzah ◽  
Laurence Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Low Income Housing
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