scholarly journals Health Adjusted Life Years (HALY) - A Promising Measure to Estimate the Burden of Zoonotic Diseases on Human Health?

Zoonosis ◽  
10.5772/38269 ◽  
2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dietrich Plass ◽  
Paulo Pinheiro ◽  
Marie-Jose Mange
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
Life Years

scholarly journals The burden of zoonoses in Paraguay: A systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0009909
Author(s):  
Liz Paola Noguera Zayas ◽  
Simon Rüegg ◽  
Paul Torgerson
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
World Health ◽  
Systemic Review ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life Years ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years

Introduction Underestimation of zoonoses is exacerbated in low and middle-income countries due mainly to inequalities with serious consequences in healthcare. This is difficult to gauge and reduce the impact of those diseases. Our study focuses on Paraguay, where the livestock industry is one of the major components of the country’s economy. Therefore, the rationale of this study was to develop a case study in Paraguay to estimate the dual impact of zoonotic diseases on both the human health and animal health sector and thus determine the societal burden of such diseases. Methodology/Principal findings We conducted a systemic review (including a meta-analysis) to assess the burden of zoonoses in Paraguay, including official reports and grey literature of disease incidence and prevalence. We estimated the Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) and Zoonosis Disability Adjusted Life Years (zDALYs) to measure the difference between the current health status and the desired health situation of animals and the Paraguayan population based on 50 zoonotic diseases suggested by the WHO (World Health Organization), OIE (World Organization for Animal Health) and the National Health in Paraguay. The total DALYs represent 19,384 (95% CI: from 15,805 to 29,733), and zDALYs, 62,178 (95% CI: from 48,696 to 77,188). According to the results, the priority pathogens for DALYs are E. coli, Trypanosoma cruzi, Leishmania spp, and Toxoplasma gondii. When we include the additional animal health burden, the most important pathogens are Brucella spp, E. coli, Trypanosoma cruzi, and Fasciola hepatica for zDALYs. Conclusion/Significance This is the first study to integrate DALYs and zDALYs with important clues related to the health status of Paraguay. Through DALYs and zDALYs, our perspective becomes more complete because we consider not only human health but also animal health. This is important for setting priorities in disease control, especially in a society where livestock contribute significantly to the economy and to human well-being.

scholarly journals Economic Impacts on Human Health Resulting from the Use of Mercury in the Illegal Gold Mining in the Brazilian Amazon: A Methodological Assessment

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (22) ◽  
pp. 11869
Author(s):  
Leonardo Barcellos de Bakker ◽  
Pedro Gasparinetti ◽  
Júlia Mello de Queiroz ◽  
Ana Claudia Santiago de Vasconcellos
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Gold Mining ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Statistical Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Methodological Assessment

Artisanal small-scale gold mining (ASGM) in the Amazon results in the dumping of tons of mercury into the environment annually. Despite consensus on the impacts of mercury on human health, there are still unknowns regarding: (i) the extent to which mercury from ASGM can be dispersed in the environment until it becomes toxic to humans; and (ii) the economic value of losses caused by contamination becomes evident. The main objective of this study is to propose a methodology to evaluate the impacts of ASGM on human health in different contexts in the Brazilian Amazon. We connect several points in the literature based on hypotheses regarding mercury dispersion in water, its transformation into methylmercury, and absorption by fish and humans. This methodology can be used as a tool to estimate the extent of environmental damage caused by artisanal gold mining, the severity of damage to the health of individuals contaminated by mercury and, consequently, can contribute to the application of fines to environmental violators. The consequences of contamination are evaluated by dose-response functions relating to mercury concentrations in hair and the development of the following health outcomes: (i) mild mental retardation, (ii) acute myocardial infarction, and (iii) hypertension. From disability-adjusted life years and statistical life value, we found that the economic losses range from 100,000 to 400,000 USD per kilogram of gold extracted. A case study of the Yanomami indigenous land shows that the impacts of mercury from illegal gold mining in 2020 totaled 69 million USD, which could be used by local authorities to compensate the Yanomami people.

Preharvest Food Safety, Zoonotic Diseases, and the Human Health Interface

2019 ◽  
pp. 197-210
Author(s):  
Julie Funk ◽  
Elizabeth Wagstrom
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases

The Impact of Zoonotic Diseases Transmitted by Pets on Human Health and the Economy

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanette K. Stehr-Green ◽  
Peter M. Schantz
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Economic impact of harmful algal blooms on human health: a systematic review

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 499-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian R. C. Kouakou ◽  
Thomas G. Poder
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Harmful Algal Blooms ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Global Network ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Health Costs ◽  
Life Years

Abstract Harmful algal blooms (HABs) damage human activities and health. While there is wide literature on economic losses, little is known about the economic impact on human health. In this review, we systematically retrieved papers which presented health costs following exposure to HABs. A systematic review was conducted up to January 2019 in databases such as ScienceDirect and PubMed, and 16 studies were selected. Health costs included healthcare and medication expenses, loss of income due to illness, cost of pain and suffering, and cost of death. Two categories of illness (digestive and respiratory) were considered for health costs. For digestive illness cost, we found $86, $1,015 and $12,605, respectively, for mild, moderate and severe cases. For respiratory illness, costs were $86, $1,235 and $14,600, respectively, for mild, moderate and severe cases. We used Quality-Adjusted Life Years (QALYs) to access the loss of well-being due to illness caused by HABs. We found that breathing difficulty causes the most loss of QALYs, especially in children, with a loss of between 0.16 and 0.771 per child. Having gastroenteritis could cause a loss of between 2.2 and 7.1 QALYs per 1,000 children. Misleading symptoms of illness following exposure to HABs could cause bias in health costs estimations. This article has been made Open Access thanks to the generous support of a global network of libraries as part of the Knowledge Unlatched Select initiative.

The Emergence of Zoonotic Diseases—Understanding the Impact on Animal and Human Health

Public Health ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 118 (3) ◽  
pp. 234
Author(s):  
Mark Woolhouse
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
The Impact

Veterinary Pathogens and its Economical Importance.

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Bloodborne Pathogens ◽  
Bodily Fluids ◽  
Veterinary Importance ◽  
The Cost

The bloodborne pathogens are microorganisms present in blood or bodily fluids of infected individuals or animals that can cause disease. The most common infectious diseases of veterinary importance include several species of Trypanosoma, Theileria, Babesia and Anaplasma [1] Many zoonotic bloodborne pathogens circulate between animals and humans affecting human health and economic sectors. The cost of zoonotic diseases has been estimated about U$20 billion and affect economies as a whole [2].

scholarly journals Review: The emergence of zoonotic diseases: understanding the impact on animal and human health

2004 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-220
Author(s):  
T. McMichael
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Impacts of biodiversity and biodiversity loss on zoonotic diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (17) ◽  
pp. e2023540118
Author(s):  
Felicia Keesing ◽  
Richard S. Ostfeld
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Human Impacts ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Zoonotic Pathogens ◽  
New Synthesis ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Opposing Effects

Zoonotic diseases are infectious diseases of humans caused by pathogens that are shared between humans and other vertebrate animals. Previously, pristine natural areas with high biodiversity were seen as likely sources of new zoonotic pathogens, suggesting that biodiversity could have negative impacts on human health. At the same time, biodiversity has been recognized as potentially benefiting human health by reducing the transmission of some pathogens that have already established themselves in human populations. These apparently opposing effects of biodiversity in human health may now be reconcilable. Recent research demonstrates that some taxa are much more likely to be zoonotic hosts than others are, and that these animals often proliferate in human-dominated landscapes, increasing the likelihood of spillover. In less-disturbed areas, however, these zoonotic reservoir hosts are less abundant and nonreservoirs predominate. Thus, biodiversity loss appears to increase the risk of human exposure to both new and established zoonotic pathogens. This new synthesis of the effects of biodiversity on zoonotic diseases presents an opportunity to articulate the next generation of research questions that can inform management and policy. Future studies should focus on collecting and analyzing data on the diversity, abundance, and capacity to transmit of the taxa that actually share zoonotic pathogens with us. To predict and prevent future epidemics, researchers should also focus on how these metrics change in response to human impacts on the environment, and how human behaviors can mitigate these effects. Restoration of biodiversity is an important frontier in the management of zoonotic disease risk.

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