Pneumothorax in Children

Mapping Intimacies ◽

10.5772/intechopen.100329 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hatice Sonay Yalçın Cömert

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Chest Radiograph ◽

Chest Tube ◽

Thoracoscopic Surgery ◽

General Information ◽

Chest Tube Drainage ◽

Parietal Pleura ◽

Pleural Disease ◽

Age Group ◽

Video Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery

Pneumothorax is a common pleural disease worldwide and is defined as the free accumulation of air between visceral and parietal pleura. Pneumothorax can be spontaneous, iatrogenic, and traumatic. Although it is less common than adults, it is seen in about 1.1–4 per 100,000 per year in the childhood age group. In patients presenting with variable clinic according to the cause of etiology, diagnosis is confirmed on a PA chest radiograph, sometimes a computed tomography may be required. The management of pneumothorax is varying from conservative, over intermediate (chest tube drainage) to invasive methods (video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery—VATS, thoracotomy). Here, we planned to write a chapter that includes a text containing general information about pediatric pneumothorax, algorithms, and visual and clinical cases of the causes of pneumothorax in children, including age, etiology, and treatment approach of pneumothorax in children.

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Short-term analysis of uniport video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery via the subxiphoid approach without chest tube drainage for anterior mediastinal tumors: a comparative retrospective study

Annals of Translational Medicine ◽

10.21037/atm-21-5790 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

pp. 0-0

Author(s):

Min Cao ◽

Qing Wang ◽

Hang Yin ◽

Yujie Fu ◽

Xiaojing Zhao

Keyword(s):

Retrospective Study ◽

Chest Tube ◽

Thoracoscopic Surgery ◽

Chest Tube Drainage ◽

Short Term ◽

Mediastinal Tumors ◽

Tube Drainage ◽

Subxiphoid Approach ◽

Term Analysis ◽

Video Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery

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Chest tube drainage placement may not be a necessity in paediatric thoracoscopic surgery: a retrospective study

Cardiology in the Young ◽

10.1017/s1047951121001712 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Gang Zhang ◽

Dandan Liu ◽

Ruiming Kuang ◽

Chun Cai ◽

Xiao Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chest Tube ◽

Thoracoscopic Surgery ◽

Perioperative Complications ◽

Chest Tube Drainage ◽

Tube Placement ◽

Tube Drainage ◽

Video Assisted ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Psychological Acceptance ◽

Video Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery

Abstract Objective: Chest tube drainage placement, a standard procedure in video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery, was reported to cause perioperative complications like pain and increased risk of infection. The present study was designed to evaluate the necessity of chest tube drainage inpaediatric thoracoscopic surgery. Methods: Thirty children admitted to our hospital from April 2018 to April 2020 were included in the current study and were grouped as the tube group (children receiving video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery with chest tube drainage) and the non-tube group (children receiving video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery without chest tube drainage). Laboratory hemogram index, length of hospitalisation, post-operative performance of involved children, and psychological acceptance of indicated therapy by guardians of the involved children were investigated. Results: Laboratory examination revealed that the mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration in the non-tube group was significantly higher than that in the tube group on post-operative day 1 (p < 0.05). Children in the non-tube group had a shorter length of hospitalisation (7–9 days) than that of patients from the tube group. Additionally, the frequency of crying of children was decreased and psychological acceptance by patients’ guardians was improved in the non-tube group when compared with the tube group. Conclusion: This study showed that chest tube drainage placement may not be necessary in several cases of paediatric video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. Rapid recovery with decreased perioperative complications in children operated by video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery without tube placement could also reduce the burden of the family and society both economically and psychologically.

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Development of patient specific, realistic, and reusable video assisted thoracoscopic surgery simulator using 3D printing and pediatric computed tomography images

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-85738-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Dayeong Hong ◽

HaeKang Kim ◽

Taehun Kim ◽

Yong-Hee Kim ◽

Namkug Kim

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Mechanical Properties ◽

Fused Deposition Modeling ◽

Thoracoscopic Surgery ◽

Clinical Situation ◽

Patient Specific ◽

Fused Deposition ◽

Video Assisted ◽

Computed Tomography Images ◽

Video Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery

AbstractHerein, realistic and reusable phantoms for simulation of pediatric lung video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) were proposed and evaluated. 3D-printed phantoms for VATS were designed based on chest computed tomography (CT) data of a pediatric patient with esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula. Models reflecting the patient-specific structure were fabricated based on the CT images. Appropriate reusable design, realistic mechanical properties with various material types, and 3D printers (fused deposition modeling (FDM) and PolyJet printers) were used to represent the realistic anatomical structures. As a result, the phantom printed by PolyJet reflected closer mechanical properties than those of the FDM phantom. Accuracies (mean difference ± 95 confidence interval) of phantoms by FDM and PolyJet were 0.53 ± 0.46 and 0.98 ± 0.55 mm, respectively. Phantoms were used by surgeons for VATS training, which is considered more reflective of the clinical situation than the conventional simulation phantom. In conclusion, the patient-specific, realistic, and reusable VATS phantom provides a better understanding the complex anatomical structure of a patient and could be used as an educational phantom for esophageal structure replacement in VATS.

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Pleurodesis methods in the surgical treatment of primary spontaneous pneumothorax

Journal of Surgical Arts ◽

10.14717/jsurgaerts-210205 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 77-81

Keyword(s):

Surgical Treatment ◽

Recurrence Rate ◽

Spontaneous Pneumothorax ◽

Thoracoscopic Surgery ◽

Wedge Resection ◽

Primary Spontaneous Pneumothorax ◽

High Recurrence Rate ◽

Parietal Pleura ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

Video Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery

Pneumothorax is the collection of air in the pleural space. Pneumothorax can be spontaneous, traumatic or iatrogenic. Primary spontaneous pneumothorax mostly occurs in healthy individuals without an apparent cause, probably due to the rupture of subpleural emphysematous bullae located on the apex of the lung. It usually occurs in tall and healthy males younger than 40 years old. Primary spontaneous pneumothorax has a recurrence rate of 20-30% after the first attack, 50% after the second attack, and 80% after the third attack. Surgery is presented as a treatment option to reduce the high recurrence rate after the second attack. It has been reported that recurrence is between 10 and 20% in patients who undergo bullectomy or wedge resection with endoscopic steps alone. Therefore, various pleural pleurodesis methods are applied in addition to bulla resection in order to reduce the recurrence rate after surgery. In mechanical pleurodesis, adhesion between visceral and parietal pleura is achieved by mechanical abrasion of the parietal pleura or by total or partial removal of the parietal pleura. In chemical pleurodesis, the visceral pleura is adhered to the parietal pleura by creating irritation in the pleura with chemical agents. In cases where pleurodesis was added, the recurrence rate was reported to be between 1.7 and 2.8%. Whether the pleurectomy, pleural mechanical or chemical abrasion methods performed with video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery is superior for preventing recurrence is still a matter of debate. In this article, we aimed to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of pleurodesis methods in the surgical treatment of primary spontaneous pneumothorax in the light of the literature.

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