scholarly journals Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) Approach Used for Rare Earth Elements (REEs) from Monazite Material, Considering Uncertainty

Lanthanides ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dariusz Sala ◽  
Bogusław Bieda
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Life Cycle Inventory

scholarly journals Techno-economic and Life Cycle Analysis for Bioleaching Rare-Earth Elements from Waste Materials

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1602-1609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicki S. Thompson ◽  
Mayank Gupta ◽  
Hongyue Jin ◽  
Ehsan Vahidi ◽  
Matthew Yim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Life Cycle Analysis ◽  
Waste Materials

scholarly journals Life Cycle Impact of Rare Earth Elements

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Koltun ◽  
A. Tharumarajah
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Resource Depletion ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
Representative System

The diverse properties of rare earth elements have seen broad and growing applications in clean energy technologies, hybrid vehicles, pollution control, optics, refrigeration, and so on. This study presents a “cradle-to-gate” life cycle assessment of the energy use, resource depletion, and global warming potential resulting from the production of rare earth elements (REEs) using the Bayan Obo rare earth operation in Inner Mongolia, China, as a representative system. The study aggregates data from the literature, LCI databases, and reasonable estimations. A novel economic value-based allocation method for the multiple coproducts of the process is proposed. It is found that four of the high priced REEs scandium, europium, terbium, and dysprosium have very high GWPs from production relative to the rest. A mass-based allocation is also provided for comparison. Impacts on immediate local environment from waste streams that can be toxic are not included in this study.

scholarly journals Comparative life cycle analysis for value recovery of precious metals and rare earth elements from electronic waste

2019 ◽  
Vol 149 ◽  
pp. 20-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Li ◽  
Luis A. Diaz ◽  
Zhiyao Yang ◽  
Hongyue Jin ◽  
Tedd E. Lister ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Life Cycle Analysis ◽  
Electronic Waste ◽  
Precious Metals ◽  
Value Recovery

Mapping the Product Life Cycle: Rare Earth Elements in Electronics

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susie Levy ◽  
Christine Meisner Rosen ◽  
Alastair Iles
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Product Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental And Health Effects ◽  
Green Technologies ◽  
Electric Cars ◽  
Sustainable Technologies ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Materials Used

In this case, we map the issues that arise across the life cycle in “green” technologies such as wind turbines, electric cars, and electronics that are often hidden from the designers, manufacturers, and users of these technologies. We do this by focusing on some life cycle issues of using rare earth elements (REEs) in these technologies. We attend to the geopolitical issues of sourcing these rare earth materials, as well as the environmental and health effects of extracting them from the earth through mining and smelting and disposing or recycling them at life’s end. Our goal is to begin unpacking the difficult choices that manufacturers (and governments) must think through as they endeavor to improve both the design of sustainable technologies and the production of materials used in these products.

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